| 词条 | George Frisbie Hoar |
| 释义 |
| name =George Frisbie Hoar | image =George Frisbie Hoar - Brady-Handy.jpg{{!}}border | imagesize = | state =Massachusetts | order1 =United States Senator from Massachusetts | term_start1 =March 4, 1877 | term_end1 =September 30, 1904 | predecessor1 =George S. Boutwell | successor1 =Winthrop M. Crane | office2 = Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts | term_start2 = March 4, 1869 | term_end2 = March 3, 1877 | predecessor2 = John Denison Baldwin (8th) Alvah Crocker (9th) | successor2 = John M. S. Williams (8th) William W. Rice (9th) | constituency2 = 8th district (1869–73) 9th district (1873–77) | office3 =Member of the Massachusetts Senate | term3 =1857 | office4 =Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives | term4 =1852 | birth_date ={{birth date|1826|8|29}} | birth_place =Concord, Massachusetts, U.S. | death_date ={{death date and age|1904|9|30|1826|8|29}} | death_place =Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S. | nationality =American | party =Republican (after 1855) | otherparty =Free Soil Party (before 1855) | spouse = | relations = | children = | residence = | alma_mater =Harvard University Harvard Law School | profession =Lawyer | signature =Appletons' Hoar Samuel - George Frisbie signature.png }} George Frisbie Hoar (August 29, 1826{{spaced ndash}}September 30, 1904) was a prominent American politician and United States Senator from Massachusetts from 1877 to 1904. He was a member of an extended family that was politically prominent in 18th and 19th century New England. Early lifeHoar was born in Concord, Massachusetts, on August 29, 1826. He studied for several months at a boarding school in Waltham, Massachusetts, run by Samuel and Sarah Bradford Ripley.[1] He graduated from Harvard University in 1846 and earned his law degree at Harvard Law School in 1849. He was admitted to the bar and settled in Worcester, Massachusetts, where he practiced law. Initially a member of the Free Soil Party, he joined the Republican Party shortly after its founding. Political careerHoar was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1852 and to the Massachusetts Senate in 1857. He represented Massachusetts as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for four terms from 1869 to 1877 and then served in the U.S. Senate until his death during his fifth term. For one term during his House service, from 1873 to 1875, his brother Ebenezer Rockood Hoar served alongside him. He was a Republican, who generally avoided party partisanship and did not hesitate to criticize other members of his party whose actions or policies he believed were in error. In 1880 he was chairman of the 1880 Republican National Convention. When James Garfield, who eventually won the party's nomination and the presidential election, rose to object that votes were being cast for him without his consent, Hoar disallowed his objection. He later said: "I was terribly afraid that he would say something that would make his nomination impossible."[2] Hoar was long noted as a fighter against political corruption. He campaigned for the rights of African Americans and Native Americans. He opposed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, describing it as "nothing less than the legalization of racial discrimination"[3] [4][5] He was a member of the Congressional Electoral Commission that settled the highly disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. He authored the Presidential Succession Act of 1886. He argued in the Senate in favor of women's suffrage as early as 1886. He was a consistent opponent of American imperialism. He did not share his Senate colleagues' enthusiasm for American intervention in Cuba in the late 1890s. On December 1897, he met with Native Hawaiian leaders opposed to the annexation of their nation. He then presented the Kūʻē Petitions to Congress and helped to defeat President William McKinley's attempt to annex the Republic of Hawaii by treaty, though the islands were eventually annexed by means of joint resolution, called the Newlands Resolution.[6] After the Spanish–American War, Hoar became one of the Senate's most outspoken opponents of the imperialism of the McKinley administration. He denounced the Philippine–American War and called for independence for the Philippines in a 3-hour speech in the Senate, saying:[7][8] {{Quote|You have sacrificed nearly ten thousand American lives—the flower of our youth. You have devastated provinces. You have slain uncounted thousands of the people you desire to benefit. You have established reconcentration camps. Your generals are coming home from their harvest bringing sheaves with them, in the shape of other thousands of sick and wounded and insane to drag out miserable lives, wrecked in body and mind. You make the American flag in the eyes of a numerous people the emblem of sacrilege in Christian churches, and of the burning of human dwellings, and of the horror of the water torture. Your practical statesmanship which disdains to take George Washington and Abraham Lincoln or the soldiers of the Revolution or of the Civil War as models, has looked in some cases to Spain for your example. I believe—nay, I know—that in general our officers and soldiers are humane. But in some cases they have carried on your warfare with a mixture of American ingenuity and Castilian cruelty.Your practical statesmanship has succeeded in converting a people who three years ago were ready to kiss the hem of the garment of the American and to welcome him as a liberator, who thronged after your men when they landed on those islands with benediction and gratitude, into sullen and irreconcilable enemies, possessed of a hatred which centuries can not eradicate.}} Hoar pushed for and served on the Lodge Committee, investigating allegations, later confirmed, of war crimes in the Philippine–American War. He also denounced the U.S. intervention in Panama. Other interestsIn 1865, Hoar was one of the founders of the Worcester County Free Institute of Industrial Science, now the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Hoar was active in the American Historical Association and the American Antiquarian Society, serving terms as president of both organizations. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1853,[9] and served as vice-president from 1878 to 1884, and then served as president from 1884 to 1887.[10] In 1887 he was among the founders of the American Irish Historical Society.[11] He was a regent of the Smithsonian Institution in 1880 and a trustee of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Through his efforts, the lost manuscript of William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation (1620–47), an important founding document of the United States, was returned to Massachusetts, after being discovered in Fulham Palace, London, in 1855.[12] Hoar was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1901.[13] His autobiography, Autobiography of Seventy Years, was published in 1903. It appeared first in serial form in Scribner's magazine. He attended the Unitarian Church of All Souls in Washington, D.C.[14] Hoar enjoyed good health until June 1904. He died in Worcester on September 30 of that year and was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord. After his death, a statue of him was erected in front of Worcester's city hall, paid for by public donations. Hoar family and relationsIn 1853, Hoar married Mary Louisa Spurr (1831-1859).[15] In 1862, he married Ruth Ann Miller (1830-1903).{{sfn|"Biographical Sketch, Rockwood Hoar"}} With his first wife, he was the father of a son, Rockwood Hoar, and a daughter, Mary (1854-1929).{{sfn|"Biographical Sketch, Rockwood Hoar"}} With his second wife he was the father of a daughter, Alice (1863-1864).{{sfn|"Biographical Sketch, Rockwood Hoar"}} Through his mother, Sarah Sherman, G.F. Hoar was a grandson of prominent political figure, Roger Sherman and Sherman's second wife, Rebecca Minot Prescott. Roger Sherman signed the Articles of Confederation, United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution.
See also
References1. ^{{cite book |last1=Hoar |first1=George F. |authorlink=George Frisbie Hoar |title=Autobiography of Seventy Years |volume= I |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |date=1903 |pages=82 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F76IlWLQfLIC&pg=PA82& }} 2. ^{{cite news| page=40 |date=June 26, 1960| accessdate=December 20, 2018| work=New York Times| first=Henry F. | last=Graff | url= https://www.nytimes.com/1960/06/26/archives/playing-political-possum-isnt-easy-the-game-is-to-lie-low-while.html | title=Playing Political Possum Isn't Easy}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Daniels|first=Roger|page=271|year=2002|title=Coming to America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life|publisher=Harper Perennial|isbn=978-0060505776}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Puleo|first1=Stephen|title=The Boston Italians|date=2007|publisher=Beacon Press|location=Boston|isbn=9780807050361|page=27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jET-HIcybREC&pg=PA27}} 5. ^{{cite news|work=New York Times|quote=Taking the ground that the principles embodied in the Declaration of Independence, that all men are created free and equal, is the cardinal principle upon which this Government is established, he went on to declare that no question of policy could be made a pretext for setting it aside to make a distinction against any race of men. He said that all the arguments against the negroes used years ago were now applied to the Chinese.|title=135 Years Ago, Another Travel Ban Was In the News | accessdate=December 20, 2018| date= March 17, 2017 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/17/insider/chinese-exclusion-act-travel-ban.html | first=David W. | last=Dunlap}} 6. ^{{cite web|last=Silva|first=Noenoe K.|title=The 1897 Petitions Protesting Annexation|work=The Annexation Of Hawaii: A Collection Of Document|date=1998|publisher=University of Hawaii at Manoa| url=http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/petition/pet-intro.php|accessdate=December 19, 2016}} 7. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.bartleby.com/268/10/25.html |edition=On-line edition published March 2003 by Bartleby.com |last=Hoar |first=George Frisbie |title=The World's Famous Orations:America: III (1861–1905) |chapter=Subjugation of the Philippines Iniquitous |editor=William Jennings Bryan |others=Francis W. Halsey, associate editor |year=1906 |publisher=Funk and Wagnalls |location=New York |volume=X}} 8. ^{{cite news|work=New York Times| accessdate=December 20, 2018 | date= February 17, 2012| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/19/books/review/a-new-history-of-the-philippine-american-war.html | title= Looking for a Fight: A New History of the Philippine-American War | first=Candice | last=Millard}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlisth |publisher=American Antiquarian Society |title= Members |access-date=December 20, 2018}} 10. ^{{cite book| last=Dunbar |first= B.|date=1987 |title=Members and Officers of the American Antiquarian Society |location= Worcester |publisher= American Antiquarian Society}} 11. ^{{cite news| work=New York Times| date= April 9, 1940|accessdate= December 20, 2018 | title= History Building Ready| url= https://www.nytimes.com/1940/04/09/archives/history-building-ready-irishamerican-structure-to-be-dedicated.html}} 12. ^{{cite book|last1=Hoar|first1=George F.|title= Autobiography of Seventy Years |volume= II| date=1905|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|location=New York|pages=235ff.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1A9vZXvNGdEC&pg=PA235&|accessdate=December 20, 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterC.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=September 11, 2016}} 14. ^{{cite news| work=New York Times| date= October 12, 1934|accessdate= December 20, 2018 | title= Ulysses G. Pierce, Unitarian Leader| url= https://www.nytimes.com/1943/10/12/archives/ulysses-6-piere-initarin-leader-former-senate-chaplain-diei-i.html}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.masshist.org/collection-guides/view/fa0138 |title=Biographical Sketch, Rockwood Hoar |website=Rockwood Hoar Papers |publisher=Massachusetts Historical Society |location=Boston, MA |access-date=May 20, 2018 |ref={{sfnRef|"Biographical Sketch, Rockwood Hoar"}}}}
External links{{Wikiquote|George Frisbie Hoar}}{{commons category|George Frisbie Hoar}}{{Appletons' Poster|year=1892|Hoar, Samuel|George Frisbie Hoar}}
| state= Massachusetts | district=8 | before=John D. Baldwin | after=John M. S. Williams (district moved) | years=1869–1873}}{{USRepSuccessionBox | state= Massachusetts | district=9 | before=Alvah Crocker (district moved) | after=William W. Rice | years=1873–1877}}{{s-par|us-sen}}{{U.S. Senator box | before=George S. Boutwell| state=Massachusetts| class=2| years=1877–1904| alongside=Henry L. Dawes and Henry Cabot Lodge| after=Winthrop M. Crane}}{{s-end}}{{USSenMA}}{{SenJudiciaryCommitteeChairs}}{{USRepMA}}{{Election Commission}}{{AHA Presidents}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoar, George Giggity}} 21 : 1826 births|1904 deaths|Activists for African-American civil rights|Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives|Massachusetts state senators|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts|United States Senators from Massachusetts|Politicians from Worcester, Massachusetts|People of the Spanish–American War|People of the Philippine–American War|Presidents of the American Historical Association|Massachusetts lawyers|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Harvard Law School alumni|Massachusetts Republicans|Republican Party United States Senators|Massachusetts Free Soilers|Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Members of the American Antiquarian Society|19th-century American politicians|Sherman family (U.S.) |
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