| 词条 | George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = The Earl of Aberdeen | native_name = | native_name_lang = | honorific-suffix = | image = | imagesize = | smallimage = | alt = | caption = | order = | office = Lord Chancellor of Scotland | term_start = 1682 | term_end = 1684 | monarch = Charles II | predecessor = The Duke of Rothes | successor = The Earl of Perth | order2 = | office2 = Lord President of the Privy Council | term_start2 = 1681 | term_end2 = 1682 | monarch2 = Charles II | predecessor2 = The Duke of Lauderdale | successor2 = The Marquess of Montrose | birth_date = 3 October 1637 | birth_place = | death_date = 20 April 1720 (aged 82) | death_place = | restingplace = | restingplacecoordinates = | birthname = George Gordon | citizenship = | nationality = | party = | otherparty = | spouse = Anne Lockhart, Countess of Aberdeen | relations = | children = | parents = Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo Mary Forbes | residence = | alma_mater = University of Aberdeen | occupation = | profession = | cabinet = | committees = | portfolio = | religion = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | nickname = | allegiance = | branch = | serviceyears = | rank = | unit = | commands = | battles = | awards = }} George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen (3 October 1637{{snd}}20 April 1720), was a Lord Chancellor of Scotland. Early lifeGordon, born on 3 October 1637, the second son of Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo, Aberdeenshire, (executed in 1644); {{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}} and his wife, Mary Forbes.[1] He graduated MA, and was chosen professor at King's College, Aberdeen, in 1658. Subsequently, he travelled and studied civil law abroad.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}}CareerAt the Restoration the sequestration of his father's lands was annulled, and in 1665 he succeeded by the death of his elder brother as the 3rd Baronet Gordon, of Haddo and to the family estates. He returned home in 1667, was admitted advocate in 1668 and gained a high legal reputation. He represented Aberdeenshire in the Parliament of Scotland of 1669 and in the following assemblies, during his first session strongly opposing the projected union of the two legislatures. In November 1678 he was made a Privy Counsellor for Scotland, and in 1680 was raised to the bench as Lord Haddo. He was a leading member of the Duke of York's administration, was created a Lord of the Articles in June and in November 1681 Lord President of the Privy Council.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}} The same year he is reported as moving in the council for the torture of witnesses.[2] In 1682 he was made Lord Chancellor of Scotland, and was created, on 13 November, Earl of Aberdeen, Viscount Formartine, and Lord Haddo, Methlick, Tarves and Kellie, in the Scottish peerage, being appointed also Sheriff Principal of Aberdeenshire and Midlothian.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}} Burnet reflected unfavourably upon him, writing of him, "...a proud and covetous man ... the new chancellor exceeded all that had gone before him.[3] He executed the laws enforcing religious conformity with severity, and filled the parish churches, but resisted the excessive measures of tyranny prescribed by the English government; and in consequence of an intrigue of the Duke of Queensberry and Lord Perth, who gained the duchess of Portsmouth with a present of £27,000, he was dismissed in 1684.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}} After his fall he was subjected to various petty prosecutions by his victorious rivals with the view of discovering some act of maladministration on which to found a charge against him, but the investigations only served to strengthen his credit. He took an active part in parliament in 1685 and 1686, but remained a non-juror during the whole of William's reign, being frequently fined for his non-attendance, and took the oaths for the first time after Anne's accession, on 11 May 1703.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}} In the great affair of the Union in 1707, while protesting against the completion of the treaty till the act declaring the Scots aliens should be repealed, he refused to support the opposition to the measure itself and refrained from attending parliament when the treaty was settled.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}} He is described by John Mackay as, "...very knowing in the laws and constitution of his country and is believed to be the solidest statesman in Scotland, a fine orator, speaks slow but sure.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}} His person was said to be deformed,{{By whom?|date=August 2017}} and his want of mine or deportment was alleged as a disqualification for the office of Lord Chancellor.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}} FamilyHe married Anne Lockhart, daughter and (eventual) sole heiress of George Lockhart of Tarbrax and Anne Lockhart.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}} They had several children:{{sfn|Paul|1904|p=89}}
His only surviving son, William, succeeded him as 2nd earl of Aberdeen. He died on 20 April 1720, having amassed a large fortune. Notes1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/149727914/mary-gordon|title=Mary Forbes Gordon - Find a Grave|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 2. ^{{harvnb|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}} cites Sir J. Lauder's Historical Notices (Bannatyne Club, 1848), p. 297. 3. ^{{harvnb|Chisholm|1911|pp=45–46}} cites Burnet History of His Own Times, p. 523. References
External links
(of Haddo, Aberdeen)|years=1665–1720}}{{S-aft|after=William Gordon}}{{S-end}}{{Authority control}}{{EB1911 article with no significant updates}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Aberdeen, George Gordon, 1st Earl Of}} 15 : 1637 births|1720 deaths|Academics of the University of Aberdeen|Alumni of the University of Aberdeen|Earls of Aberdeen|Peers of Scotland created by Charles II|Lord Chancellors of Scotland|Shire Commissioners to the Parliament of Scotland|People from Aberdeenshire|Presidents of the Privy Council of Scotland|Scottish scholars and academics|Lords President of the Court of Session|Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1669–74|Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1678|Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1681–82 |
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