| 词条 | George Washington and Jefferson National Forests | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = George Washington and Jefferson National Forests | iucn_category = | iucn_ref = | photo = White Rocks Little Sluice Mountain GWNF.jpg | photo_caption = White Rocks on Little Sluice Mountain in George Washington National Forest. | map = | map_image = Va nationalforests.png | map_size = | map_caption = Location of George Washington and Jefferson National Forests | relief = | location = United States | nearest_city = | nearest_town = | coordinates = {{coord|38|30|0|N|79|0|0|W|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | length = | length_mi = | length_km = | width = | width_mi = | width_km = | area_acre = 1790933 | area_ref = | elevation = | elevation_avg = | elevation_min = | elevation_max = | dimensions = | designation = | authorized = | created = | designated = | established = 1995[1] | named_for = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | governing_body = | administrator = | operator = | owner = | website = George Washington and Jefferson National Forests | embedded = }} The George Washington and Jefferson National Forests are U.S. National Forests that combine to form one of the largest areas of public land in the Eastern United States. They cover {{convert|1.8|e6acre|km2}} of land in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Approximately {{convert|1|e6acre|km2}} of the forest are remote and undeveloped and {{convert|139,461|acre|km2|0}}[1] have been designated as wilderness areas, which eliminates future development. HistoryGeorge Washington National Forest was established on May 16, 1918 as the Shenandoah National Forest. The forest was renamed after the first President on June 28, 1932. Natural Bridge National Forest was added on July 22, 1933.[2]Jefferson National Forest was formed on April 21, 1936 by combining portions of the Unaka and George Washington National Forests with other land.[2] In 1995, the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests were administratively combined.[3] The border between the two forests roughly follows the James River. The combined forest is administered from its headquarters in Roanoke, Virginia.[3]Notable features
Flora and fauna{{Main|Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests}}The Forests' vast and mountainous terrain harbors a great variety of plant life—over 50 species of trees and over 2,000 species of shrubs and herbaceous plants.[5] The Forests contain some {{convert|230000|acre|km2}} of old growth forests, representing all of the major forest communities found within them.[6][7] Locations of old growth include Peters Mountain, Mount Pleasant National Scenic Area, Rich Hole Wilderness, Flannery Ridge, Pick Breeches Ridge, and Laurel Fork Gorge, Pickem Mountain, and Mount Rogers National Recreation Area.[8] The Ramsey's Draft and Kimberling Creek Wildernesses in particular are mostly old-growth.[8][9][10] The black bear is relatively common, enough so that there is a short hunting season to prevent overpopulation. White-tailed deer, bobcat, bald eagles, weasel, otter, and marten are also known to inhabit the Forests. ActivitiesThe forests are popular hiking, mountain biking, and hunting destinations. The Appalachian Trail extends for 330 miles (530 km) from the southern end of Shenandoah National Park through the forest and along the Blue Ridge Parkway. The forest is within a two-hour drive for over ten million people and thus receives large numbers of visitors, especially in the region closest to Shenandoah National Park. The George Washington National Forest is a popular destination for trail runners. It is the location for several Ultramarathons, including the Massanutten Mountain Trails 100 miler, the Old Dominion 100 miler, and the Old Dominion Memorial 100 miler.[11] George Washington Forest is also the venue for Nature Camp, a natural science education-oriented summer camp for youth.[12] The camp is located on national forest land near the town of Vesuvius, Virginia. It has operated at this location since the summer of 1953.[13] CountiesNote that Jefferson National Forest is located in 22 separate counties, more than any other National Forest except Mark Twain National Forest in Missouri, which lies in 29 counties. Note also that Botetourt, Monroe, and Rockbridge counties, at the dividing line between the two forests, include parts of both forests. Thirdly, note that the state of Kentucky actually has very little area, with its two counties bringing up the tail end of Jefferson National Forest.
Ranger District OfficesRanger offices are the Forest Service's public service offices. Maps and other information about the forests can be obtained at these locations. These offices are open Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. The Supervisor's Office in Roanoke is not located in the forest and is primarily an administrative location.[15] District offices are listed from north to south. Counties are in Virginia unless otherwise indicated.
Wilderness areasThere are {{convert|139,461|acre|km2|0}}[1] of federally designated wilderness areas in the two forests under the United States National Wilderness Preservation System. All are in the state of Virginia, except as indicated. The largest of these is the Mountain Lake Wilderness, at {{convert|16,511|acre|km2|0}}. There are 17 wildernesses in Jefferson National Forest, second only to Tongass National Forest, which has 19. George Washington National Forest{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
Jefferson National Forest{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
HistoryThe first camp of the Civilian Conservation Corps NF-1, Camp Roosevelt,[16] was established in the George Washington National Forest near Luray, Virginia. It is now the site of the Camp Roosevelt Recreation Area.[17] See also
References1. ^1 Wilderness.net search page {{Refbegin}}2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/places/National%20Forests%20of%20the%20U.S.pdf |title=The National Forests of the United States |publisher=The Forest History Society |last=Davis |first=Richard C. |date=2005-09-29 |accessdate=2009-01-18 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5duNfdCjg?url=http://www.foresthistory.org/Research/usfscoll/places/National%20Forests%20of%20the%20U.S.pdf |archivedate=2009-01-18 |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |df= }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/gwj/about/index.shtml |title=Forest Facts |publisher=George Washington and Jefferson National Forests |accessdate=2009-01-18 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5duLGPQUq?url=http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/gwj/about/index.shtml |archivedate=2009-01-18 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.virginia.org/Listings/HistoricSites/RoaringRunFurnace/|title=Roaring Run Furnace|author=Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission Staff |date=2014|publisher= Virginia Tourism Corporation}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=George Washington & Jefferson National Forest Trees & Shrubs |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/gwj/natural_history/trees_shrubs.shtml |publisher=George Washington and Jefferson National Forests |accessdate=2009-01-17 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5duOObfTc?url=http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/gwj/natural_history/trees_shrubs.shtml |archivedate=2009-01-18 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 6. ^{{Cite book | year = 1993 | title = George Washington National Forest 1993 Revised Forest Plan | url = http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/gwj/forestplan/index.shtml | publisher = United States Forest Service}} 7. ^{{Cite book | year = 2004 | title = Jefferson National Forest 2004 Revised Forest Plan | url = http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/gwj/forestplan/index.shtml | publisher = United States Forest Service}} 8. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.primalnature.org/ogeast/va.pdf| title = Old Growth in the East: A Survey. Virginia| author = Mary Byrd Davis| date = 23 January 2008}} 9. ^{{Cite book | year = 1997 | title = Jefferson National Forest South Half. Old Growth Inventory Map. | url = http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/gwj/forestplan/maps/og_s.pdf | publisher = United States Forest Service, Southern Region}} 10. ^{{Cite book | year = 1997 | title = Jefferson National Forest South Half. Wilderness, Roadless, and Wild & Scenic Rivers Map. | url = http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/gwj/forestplan/maps/wrw_s.pdf | publisher = United States Forest Service, Southern Region}} 11. ^Run100s ("Run Hundreds") – A Not-For-Profit UltraRunning Corporation 12. ^Nature Camp 13. ^History of Nature Camp 14. ^{{cite web|title=Table 6 - NFS Acreage by State, Congressional District and County|website=Land Areas Report|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/land/staff/lar/LAR2014/Table_06.pdf|publisher=US Forest Service|accessdate=8 February 2016|date=18 October 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Districts|url=http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/gwj/about-forest/districts|website=United States Forest Service|accessdate=8 February 2016}} 16. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127093301/http://www.ccclegacy.org/camp_roosevelt_history.htm |date=January 27, 2012 }} 17. ^George Washington 26 Jefferson National Forest – Camp Roosevelt Recreation Area. Fs.usda.gov. Retrieved on 2013-08-09.
External links{{Commons category|George Washington and Jefferson National Forests}}
52 : George Washington and Jefferson National Forests|National Forests of Kentucky|National Forests of Virginia|National Forests of West Virginia|National Forests of the Appalachians|Appalachian Mountains|Blue Ridge Mountains|James River (Virginia)|Shenandoah River|Protected areas of Alleghany County, Virginia|Protected areas of Amherst County, Virginia|Protected areas of Augusta County, Virginia|Protected areas of Bath County, Virginia|Protected areas of Bedford County, Virginia|Protected areas of Bland County, Virginia|Protected areas of Botetourt County, Virginia|Protected areas of Carroll County, Virginia|Protected areas of Craig County, Virginia|Protected areas of Dickenson County, Virginia|Protected areas of Frederick County, Virginia|Protected areas of Giles County, Virginia|Protected areas of Grayson County, Virginia|Protected areas of Hampshire County, West Virginia|Protected areas of Hardy County, West Virginia|Protected areas of Highland County, Virginia|Protected areas of Lee County, Virginia|Protected areas of Letcher County, Kentucky|Protected areas of Monroe County, West Virginia|Protected areas of Montgomery County, Virginia|Protected areas of Nelson County, Virginia|Protected areas of Page County, Virginia|Protected areas of Pendleton County, West Virginia|Protected areas of Pike County, Kentucky|Protected areas of Pulaski County, Virginia|Protected areas of Roanoke County, Virginia|Protected areas of Rockbridge County, Virginia|Protected areas of Rockingham County, Virginia|Protected areas of Scott County, Virginia|Protected areas of Shenandoah County, Virginia|Protected areas of Smyth County, Virginia|Protected areas of Tazewell County, Virginia|Protected areas of Warren County, Virginia|Protected areas of Washington County, Virginia|Protected areas of Wise County, Virginia|Protected areas of Wythe County, Virginia|Protected areas established in 1918|Protected areas established in 1936|1918 establishments in the United States|1936 establishments in the United States|Southwest Virginia|Transboundary protected areas|Western Virginia |
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