“Glendale, Arizona”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In the late 1800s what is now known as Glendale, Arizona, was all desert. William John Murphy, a native of New Hartford, New York, who resided in the town of Flagstaff in what was then known as the territory of Arizona, was in charge of building a {{convert|40|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} Arizona Canal from Granite Reef to New River for the Arizona Canal Company. In 1885, he completed the canal, which would bring water to the desert land.^[4] Murphy was deep in debt, since he had agreed to be paid in Arizona Canal Company stock and bonds and land instead of cash.^[5]

In 1887, Murphy formed the Arizona Improvement Company. His objective was to sell the land and water rights south of the canal. Murphy had to raise capital from out of state sources in order to meet payroll and construction expenses.^[5] Murphy decided to refer to this land as "Glendale". In order to develop and interest potential investors and settlers in this new town, Murphy decided to provide a better way of access from Phoenix to Glendale and ending in the town of Peoria by building an {{convert|18|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} diagonal road which he named Grand Avenue.

In 1891, Burgess Hadsell worked with Murphy to bring 70 Brethren and River Brethren families to Glendale to form a temperance colony. Soon settlers, attracted by the town's ban on alcoholic beverages, continued to arrive. In 1895, Murphy platted the original town site and amended the plat to include a town park and some business lots. It was bounded by Lamar Road on the south, 55th Avenue on the east, Myrtle Avenue on the north, and 59th Avenue on the west.^[6] The construction of a railroad from Prescott to Phoenix was made possible with an exchange of the right-of-way made by Murphy along Grand Avenue.^[4] The railroad allowed Glendale settlers to transport goods to the north and easily receive building materials.

The construction and commercial applications of the Beet Sugar Factory in 1906, also contributed to the growth of Glendale. Though the operations of the factory only lasted until 1913, it played an important role in the increase of immigrant and migrant settlers in the city.^[7]

Geography

Glendale is located at {{Coord|33|32|19|N|112|11|11|W|type:city}} (33.538654, −112.186261).^[8]

Climate

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|55.8|sqmi|km2}}, of which, {{convert|55.7|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|km2}} of it (0.13%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 226,710 people, 79,114 households, and 54,721 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,929.5 people per square mile (1,517.3/km²). There were 79,667 housing units at an average density of 1,430.7 per square mile (552.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.54% White, 6% Black or African American, 1.7% Native American, 3.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 16.95% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. 35.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 79,114 households out of which 39.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.33.

In the city, the population was spread out with 30.1% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $45,015, and the median income for a family was $51,162. Males had a median income of $35,901 versus $27,736 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,124. About 8.8% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable attractions

Sports

Glendale is the site of two major sports venues: State Farm Stadium and Gila River Arena. Both venues are part of the Glendale Sports and Entertainment District development plan, meant to spur growth in the sparsely inhabited Yucca district. Both venues are owned by the City of Glendale.

State Farm Stadium has been the home field of the Arizona Cardinals in the National Football League since 2006, and the annual Fiesta Bowl college football game since 2007. Both the Cardinals and bowl game moved from Sun Devil Stadium on the Arizona State University campus in Tempe. Since opening, the facility has brought two Super Bowls, three college football national championship games, the NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four, WrestleMania XXVI and International Champions Cup soccer to Glendale. Designed by architect Peter Eisenman, the stadium was featured on The History Channel TV series, Modern Marvels because of its roll-out natural grass field.

Gila River Arena (formerly Glendale Arena, then Jobing.com Arena) and Westgate City Center is adjacent to State Farm Stadium, and is the home of the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). It was also the home of the now defunct Arizona Sting of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The inaugural Street League Skateboarding event was held in the summer of 2010 in Glendale at the Gila River Arena. This street skateboarding competition returns to Glendale annually.

In 2009, the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Chicago White Sox of Major League Baseball began to share the new Camelback Ranch-Glendale spring training complex and stadium in Phoenix owned and operated by the City of Glendale.

Education

There are a number of higher education campuses in Glendale. Glendale Community College and Glendale Community College North, just across the border in northwestern Phoenix, are members of the Maricopa County Community College District, while Arizona State University has its Thunderbird School of Global Management in Glendale and its West campus just across the border from Glendale in west Phoenix. Midwestern University is a graduate college of medicine located in Glendale.

Grace Lutheran School is a Pre-K-8 Christian school of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS) in Glendale.^[15]

Transportation

The city of Glendale has a roughly average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 8.4 percent of Glendale households lacked a car, and increased slightly to 9 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Glendale averaged 1.72 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.^[16]

Notable people

Culture

Arizona's Antique Capital

Glendale bills itself as "Arizona's Antique Capital", with support for its claim from both Sunset magazine ([https://web.archive.org/web/20081031092720/http://www.sunset.com/sunset/travel/article/0%2C20633%2C710517%2C00.html 2004]) and a 1998 article in USA Today. Glendale is home to the popular Arrowhead Towne Center mall in the northwest part of the city. Glendale also is home to Midwestern University, metropolitan Phoenix's first medical school, as well as a major post-graduate international business school: the Thunderbird School of Global Management.

An extension of Valley Metro Rail service is planned to serve the city, opening in 2026,^[18] reprising a role played by the Phoenix Street Railway between 1911 and 1926.

Historic buildings

There are numerous properties in the city of Glendale which are considered to be historical and have been included either in the National Register of Historic Places^[19] or the listings of the Glendale Arizona Historical Society. At the end of the article are some of these properties with a short description of the same.

Catlin Court Historic District

Thunderbird 1 Army Air Field

Sister cities

See also

Notes

References

1. ^¹{{GNIS|5060}}
2. ^¹{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 18, 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_04.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 18, 2017}}
4. ^¹Founder of Glendale
5. ^¹The First Five: A Brief History of the Salt River Project
6. ^https://www.glendaleaz.com/economicdevelopment/documents/CCMP.pdf
7. ^Industry Came to Glendale
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
9. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}
11. ^¹²Glendale, AZ – Events and Festivals
12. ^http://archive.azcentral.com/thingstodo/events/articles/20130320glendale-folk-heritage-festival-event.html
13. ^Cerreta Candy Co. Factory Tour
14. ^"[https://www.peoriaud.k12.az.us/Pages/DistrictOverview.aspx District Overview]" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730183918/https://www.peoriaud.k12.az.us/Pages/DistrictOverview.aspx |date=July 30, 2012 }}
15. ^{{cite web |title=Welcome to Grace! |url=https://www.graceglendale.org/school/}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map|journal=Governing|url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html|accessdate=May 4, 2018}}
17. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ufc.com/fighter/Benson-Henderson | publisher=UFC | title=Benson Henderson | accessdate=September 5, 2014 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819071228/http://www.ufc.com/fighter/Benson-Henderson | archivedate=August 19, 2014}}
18. ^Providing Public Transportation Alternatives for the Greater Phoenix Metro Area | Valley Metro | {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518122555/http://www.valleymetro.org/metro_light_rail/future_extensions/glendale/ |date=May 18, 2011 }}
19. ^¹National Register of Historic Places
20. ^http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Glendale,%20Arizona

History