词条 | Gordon Moore |
释义 |
|name = Gordon Moore |image = Gordon Moore.jpg |caption = Moore in 2004 |birth_name = Gordon Earle Moore |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1929|1|3}} |birth_place = San Francisco, California, U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |education = San Jose State University University of California, Berkeley {{small|(BS)}} California Institute of Technology {{small|(MS, PhD)}} |known_for = Intel Moore's law Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation |awards = National Medal of Technology {{small|(1990)}} John Fritz Medal {{small|(1993)}} IEEE Founders Medal {{small|(1997)}} Computer History Museum Fellow {{small|(1998)}}[1] Othmer Gold Medal {{small|(2001)}} Perkin Medal {{small|(2004)}}[2] Nierenberg Prize {{small|(2006)}} IEEE Medal of Honor {{small|(2008)}} Presidential Medal of Freedom |website = {{url|intel.com/technology/mooreslaw|Official website}} |fields = Entrepreneur Electrical engineering |workplaces = Intel Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation San Jose State University University of California, Berkeley California Institute of Technology Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory |thesis_title = I. Infrared Studies of Nitrous Acid, The Chloramines and Nitrogen Dioxide II. Observations Concerning the Photochemical Decomposition of Nitric Oxide |thesis_url = http://search.proquest.com/docview/302028299 |thesis_year = 1954 }}{{external media | width = 240px | align = right | headerimage= | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzyJxAP6AQo “Rather than becoming something that chronicled the progress of the industry, it became something that drove it.”], ASML's 'Our Stories', Gordon Moore about Moore's Law, ASML Holding}}{{external media | width = 240px | align = right | headerimage= | video1 = [https://vimeo.com/70293585 “This powerful technology has allowed us to make more and more complex and high-performing circuits... They're the basis of everything electronic we have, unprecedented in human history.”], Scientists You Must Know: Intel founder Gordon Moore, Science History Institute}}Gordon Earle Moore (born January 3, 1929) is an American businessman, engineer, and the co-founder and chairman emeritus of Intel Corporation. He is also the author of Moore's law.[3][4][5][6][7] As of 2018, Moore's net worth is reported to be $9.5 billion.[8] EducationMoore was born in San Francisco, California and grew up in nearby Pescadero, where his father was the county sheriff. He attended Sequoia High School in Redwood City. Initially, he went to San Jose State University.[9] After two years, he transferred to the University of California, Berkeley where he received a B.S. degree in chemistry in 1950.[10] In September 1950, Moore enrolled at the California Institute of Technology.[11] While at Caltech, Moore minored in physics and received a Ph.D. in chemistry in 1954.[10][11][12] Moore conducted postdoctoral research at the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University from 1953 to 1956.[11] FamilyMoore met his wife, Betty Irene Whitaker, while attending San Jose State University.[13] Gordon and Betty were married September 9, 1950[14] and left the next day to move to the California Institute of Technology. The couple have two sons, Kenneth and Steven.[15] Scientific careerFairchild Semiconductor Laboratory{{main|Traitorous eight}}Moore joined MIT and Caltech alumnus William Shockley at the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory division of Beckman Instruments but left with the "traitorous eight", when Sherman Fairchild agreed to back them and created the influential Fairchild Semiconductor corporation.[16][20] Moore's law{{main|Moore's law}}In 1965, Moore was working as the director of research and development (R&D) at Fairchild Semiconductor. He was asked by Electronics Magazine to predict what was going to happen in the semiconductor components industry over the next ten years. In an article published on April 19, 1965, Moore observed that the number of components (transistors, resistors, diodes, or capacitors)[17] in a dense integrated circuit had doubled approximately every year and speculated that it would continue to do so for at least the next ten years. In 1975, he revised the forecast rate to approximately every two years.[18] Carver Mead popularized the phrase "Moore's law." The prediction has become a target for miniaturization in the semiconductor industry and has had widespread impact in many areas of technological change.[3][19] Intel Corporation{{main|Intel}}In July 1968, Robert Noyce and Moore founded NM Electronics, which later became Intel Corporation.[20][21] Moore served as executive vice president until 1975 when he became president. In April 1979, Moore became chairman and chief executive officer, holding that position until April 1987, when he became chairman. He was named chairman emeritus in 1997.[22] Under Noyce, Moore, and later Andrew Grove, Intel has pioneered new technologies in the areas of computer memory, integrated circuits, and microprocessor design.[21] PhilanthropyIn 2000, Betty and Gordon Moore established the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, with a gift worth about $5 billion. Through the Foundation, they initially targeted environmental conservation, science, and the San Francisco Bay Area.[29] The foundation gives extensively in the area of environmental conservation, supporting major projects in the Andes-Amazon Basin and the San Francisco Bay area, among others.[23] Moore was a director of Conservation International for some years. In 2002, he and Conservation International senior vice president Claude Gascon received the Order of the Golden Ark from Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld for their outstanding contributions to nature conservation.[24] Moore has been a member of Caltech's board of trustees since 1983, chairing it from 1993 to 2000, and is now a life trustee.[25][26][27] In 2001, Moore and his wife donated $600 million to Caltech, at the time the largest gift ever to an institution of higher education.[28] He said that he wants the gift to be used to keep Caltech at the forefront of research and technology.[29] In December 2007, Moore and his wife donated $200 million to Caltech and the University of California for the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), expected to become the world's second largest optical telescope once it and the European Extremely Large Telescope are completed in the mid-2020s. The TMT will have a segmented mirror 30 meters across and be built on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. This mirror will be nearly three times the size of the current record holder, the Large Binocular Telescope.[30] The Moores, as individuals and through their foundation, have also, through a series of gifts and grants, given over $110 million to the University of California, Berkeley.[31] In addition, through the Foundation, Betty Moore has created the Betty Irene Moore Nursing Initiative, targeting nursing care in the San Francisco Bay Area and Greater Sacramento.[29][32] In 2007, the foundation pledged $100 million over 11 years to establish a nursing school at the University of California, Davis.[33] In 2009, the Moores received the Andrew Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy.[29][34] Scientific awards and honorsMoore has received many honors. He became a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1976.[35] In 1990, Moore was presented with the National Medal of Technology and Innovation by President George H.W. Bush, "for his seminal leadership in bringing American industry the two major postwar innovations in microelectronics - large-scale integrated memory and the microprocessor - that have fueled the information revolution."[36] In 1998, he was inducted as a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for his fundamental early work in the design and production of semiconductor devices as co-founder of Fairchild and Intel."[37] In 2001, Moore received the Othmer Gold Medal for outstanding contributions to progress in chemistry and science.[38][39] Moore is also the recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian honor, as of 2002.[40] He received the award from President George W. Bush. In 2002, Moore also received the Bower Award for Business Leadership. In 2003, he was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Moore was awarded the 2008 IEEE Medal of Honor for "pioneering technical roles in integrated-circuit processing, and leadership in the development of MOS memory, the microprocessor computer and the semiconductor industry."[41] Moore was featured in the documentary film Something Ventured which premiered in 2011. In 2009, Moore was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. He was awarded the 2010 Future Dan David Prize for his work in the areas of Computers and Telecommunications.[42] The library at the Centre for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge is named after him and his wife Betty,[43] as are the Moore Laboratories building (dedicated 1996) at Caltech and the Gordon and Betty Moore Materials Research Building at Stanford. The Electrochemical Society presents an award in Moore's name, the Gordon E. Moore Medal for Outstanding Achievement in Solid State Science and Technology, every two years to celebrate scientists' contributions to the field of solid state science.[44] The Society of Chemical Industry (American Section) annually presents the Gordon E. Moore Medal in his honor to recognize early career success in innovation in the chemical industries.[45][46]Personal lifeMoore actively pursues and enjoys any type of fishing and has extensively traveled the world catching species from black marlin to rainbow trout. He has said his conservation efforts are partly inspired by his interest in fishing.[47] In 2011, Moore's genome was the first human genome sequenced on Ion Torrent's Personal Genome Machine platform, a massively parallel sequencing device, which uses field effect transistor sensors.[48] References1. ^{{cite web |title=Gordon Moore 1998 Fellow |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore/|website=Computer History Museum |accessdate=January 8, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108161213/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore/ |archivedate=January 8, 2015 |df=mdy-all}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=SCI Perkin Medal|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/sci-perkin-medal|website=Science History Institute|accessdate=24 March 2018|date=2016-05-31}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Gordon|title=Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits|journal=Electronics Magazine|date=April 19, 1965|volume=38|issue=8|pages=114–117}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Gordon|title=Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits (Reprint)|journal=Proceedings of the IEEE|date=January 1998|volume=86|issue=1|pages=82–85|doi=10.1109/jproc.1998.658762 |url=http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs352h/papers/moore.pdf|accessdate=January 8, 2015}} 5. ^{{DBLP|name=Gordon E. Moore}} 6. ^{{ACMPortal|id=81542806056}} 7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Moore | first1 = G. E. | authorlink1 = Gordon Moore| title = The microprocessor: Engine of the technology revolution | doi = 10.1145/253671.253746 | journal = Communications of the ACM | volume = 40 | issue = 2 | pages = 112–114 | year = 1997 | pmid = | pmc = }} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Gordon Moore|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gordon-moore/|website=Forbes|accessdate=January 3, 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Gordon E. Moore|url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Gordon_E._Moore|website=IEEE Global History Network|accessdate=January 8, 2015}} 10. ^{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Gordon Earle|last=Moore |title=I. Infrared Studies of Nitrous Acid, The Chloramines and Nitrogen Dioxide II. Observations Concerning the Photochemical Decomposition of Nitric Oxide |publisher=California Institute of Technology |date=1964 |url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/302028299|authorlink=Gordon Moore}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite book|first1=David C.|last1=Brock |first2=Christophe |last2=Lécuyer |title=Gordon E. Moore and Jay T. Last, Transcript of an Interview Conducted by David C. Brock and Christophe Lécuyer at Woodside, California on 20 January 2006 |date=20 January 2006 |url=https://oh.sciencehistory.org/sites/default/files/moore_ge_and_last_jt_0327_suppl.pdf |place=Philadelphia, PA|publisher=Chemical Heritage Foundation }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/2503/1/June_11%2C_1954.pdf |title=California Institute of Technology Sixtieth Annual Commencement Exercises (Program) |date=June 11, 1954 |publisher=Caltech Camps Publications |accessdate=March 29, 2013}} 13. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Gordon and Betty Moore: Seeding the Path Ahead|first=Vannessa|last=Dodson|url=http://one.caltech.edu/news/cu/Fall_03/moore|journal=Campaign Update|issue=Fall 2003|accessdate=January 8, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816203709/http://one.caltech.edu/news/cu/Fall_03/moore|archivedate=August 16, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Gordon Moore|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/102/000026024/|website=NNDB Tracking the Entire World|accessdate=January 8, 2015}} 15. ^{{IMDb name|id=0601253|section=bio}} 16. ^{{cite news|last1=Moore|first1=Gordon E.|title=The Accidental Entrepreneur|url=http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/3777/1/Moore.pdf|accessdate=January 8, 2015|work=Engineering & Science|pages=23–30|date=Summer 1994}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lithoguru.com/scientist/CHE323/Moore1995.pdf |title=Lithography and the future of Moore's law |publisher=SPIE |author=Gordon E. Moore |year=1995 |accessdate=January 2, 2015}} 18. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.5210/fm.v7i11.1000| title = The Lives and Death of Moore's Law| journal = First Monday| volume = 7| issue = 11| year = 2002| last1 = Tuomi | first1 = I. }} 19. ^1 {{cite book |editor-last1=Brock |editor-first1=David C. |title=Understanding Moore's law : four decades of innovation |date=2006|publisher=Chemical Heritage Press |location=Philadelphia, Pa |isbn=978-0941901413}} 20. ^{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Intel Corporation|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/289747/Intel-Corporation|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=November 26, 2008}} 21. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Yeh|first1=Raymond T.|last2=Yeh|first2=Stephanie H.|title=The art of business : in the footsteps of giants|date=2004|publisher=Zero Time Pub.|location=Olathe, CO|isbn=978-0975427712|chapter=Intel: Leaping into the future with Moore's law|pages=77–89|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5-m8tra8xKgC&pg=PA77|accessdate=January 8, 2015}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=2004 History Maker - Gordon Moore|url=http://www.historysmc.org/main.php?page=hmmoore|website=History Makers|publisher=San Mateo County History Museum|accessdate=January 8, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114055933/http://www.historysmc.org/main.php?page=hmmoore|archivedate=January 14, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation: Grants for Conservation|url=http://www.insidephilanthropy.com/grants-for-conservation/gordon-and-betty-moore-foundation-grants-for-conservation.html|website=Inside Philanthropy|accessdate=January 8, 2015}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=Intel's Gordon Moore and CI's Claude Gascon To Receive Major Award|url=http://www.conservation.org/NewsRoom/pressreleases/Pages/041902_gordon_moore_gascon_award.aspx|accessdate=January 8, 2015|website=Conservation International|date=April 19, 2002}} 25. ^{{cite web |title=Sally Ride, David Lee Named Caltech Trustees, Ben Rosen Named Trustee Chair |url=https://www.caltech.edu/content/sally-ride-david-lee-named-caltech-trustees-ben-rosen-named-trustee-chair |date=December 4, 2000 |accessdate=December 10, 2013 |publisher=Caltech}} 26. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.caltech.edu/content/technology-pioneer-gordon-moore-caltech-commencement-speaker |title=Technology Pioneer Gordon Moore is Caltech Commencement Speaker |date=May 3, 2001 |accessdate=December 10, 2013 |publisher=Caltech}} 27. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.caltech.edu/content/trustee-list |publisher=Caltech |accessdate=December 10, 2013 |title=Trustee List}} 28. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/28/us/intel-founder-gives-600-million-to-caltech.html |work=New York Times |title=Intel Founder Gives $600 Million to Caltech |date=October 28, 2001 |accessdate=December 10, 2013}} 29. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=2009 Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy Awarded to Michael R. Bloomberg, The Koç Family, Gordon & Betty Moore and Sanford & Joan Weill|url=http://carnegie.org/news/press-releases/story/view/2009-carnegie-medal-of-philanthropy-awarded-to-michael-r-bloomberg-the-koc-family-gordon-betty/|accessdate=January 8, 2015|website=Carnegie Corporation of New York|date=October 7, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212174751/http://carnegie.org/news/press-releases/story/view/2009-carnegie-medal-of-philanthropy-awarded-to-michael-r-bloomberg-the-koc-family-gordon-betty/|archivedate=February 12, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 30. ^{{cite journal|last1=Tytell|first1=David|title=Thirty Meter Telescope Moves Forward|journal=Sky & Telescope|date=August 22, 2007|url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/thirty-meter-telescope-moves-forward/|accessdate=January 8, 2015}} 31. ^{{cite web|title=Grants Search|url=https://www.moore.org/grants}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=Betty Irene Moore Nursing Initiative|url=http://www.moore.org/programs/patient-care/betty-irene-moore-nursing-initiative|website=Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation|accessdate=January 8, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224140317/http://www.moore.org/programs/patient-care/betty-irene-moore-nursing-initiative|archivedate=December 24, 2014|df=mdy-all}} 33. ^{{cite web|title=Grants Search|url=https://www.moore.org/grants}} 34. ^{{cite news|title=Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Funds Programs to Address Nursing Crisis|url=http://insider.ucsf.edu/2004/aug/index.html|accessdate=January 8, 2015|work=UCSF Campaign Insider|agency=University of California San Francisco|date=2007|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093135/http://insider.ucsf.edu/2004/aug/index.html|archivedate=March 4, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 35. ^{{cite web|title=National Academy of Engineering Members|url=https://www.caltech.edu/content/national-academy-engineering-members|website=Caltech|accessdate=January 8, 2015}} 36. ^{{cite web|title=The National Medal of Technology and Innovation 1990 Laureates|url=http://www.uspto.gov/about/nmti/recipients/1990.jsp|website=USPTO.gov|publisher=The United States Patent and Trademark Office|accessdate=January 8, 2015}} 37. ^{{Cite web |title= Gordon Moore — CHM Fellow Award Winner |author= CHM |url= http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore/ |accessdate= March 30, 2015 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150402063331/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore |archivedate= April 2, 2015 |df= mdy-all }}{{cite web |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-01-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108161213/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore/ |archivedate=January 8, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 38. ^{{cite journal|last1=Voith|first1=Melody|last2=Reisch|first2=Marc|title=Gordon Moore Awarded the Othmer Gold Medal|journal=Chemical & Engineering News|date=May 14, 2001|volume=79|issue=20|pages=62|doi=10.1021/cen-v079n020.p062}} 39. ^{{cite web|title= Othmer Gold Medal |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/othmer-gold-medal|publisher=Science History Institute|accessdate=February 19, 2018|date=2016-05-31}} 40. ^{{cite news|title=SIA Congratulates Intel's Gordon Moore for Receiving Presidential Medal of Freedom|url=http://www.semiconductors.org/news/2002/06/24/press_releases_2002/sia_congratulates_intel_s_gordon_moore_for_receiving_presidential_medal_of_freedom/|accessdate=January 8, 2015|work=SIA News|publisher=Semiconductor Industry Association|date=June 24, 2002}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/pr/mohpr.html|publisher=ieee.org|title=IEEE - IEEE Medals, Technical Field Awards, and Recognitions – IEEE Medal of Honor Recipients |accessdate=June 2, 2017}} 42. ^{{cite web|title=Gordon E. Moore|url=http://www.dandavidprize.org/laureates/2010/92-future-computers-and-telecommunications/199-gordon-e-moore|website=Dan David Prize|accessdate=August 18, 2014}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/BGML/|publisher=lib.cam.ac.uk|title=The Betty & Gordon Moore Library |accessdate=June 2, 2017}} 44. ^{{cite web|title=ECS Society Awards|url=http://www.electrochem.org/awards/ecs/ecs_awards.htm#d|website=The Electrochemical Society}} 45. ^{{cite web|title=Gordon E. Moore Medal|url=http://sci-america.org/site/?page_id=69|website=Society of Chemical Industry (SCI America)|accessdate=February 4, 2015}} 46. ^{{cite web|title=SCI Gordon E. Moore Medal|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/sci-gordon-e-moore-medal|website=Science History Institute|date=2016-05-31}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/657|publisher=charlierose.com|title=Charlie Rose, November 14, 2005|accessdate=June 2, 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100802012627/http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/657|archivedate=August 2, 2010|df=mdy-all}} 48. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Rothberg | first1 = J. M. | authorlink1 = Jonathan M. Rothberg| last2 = Hinz | first2 = W. | last3 = Rearick | first3 = T. M. | last4 = Schultz | first4 = J. | last5 = Mileski | first5 = W. | last6 = Davey | first6 = M. | last7 = Leamon | first7 = J. H. | last8 = Johnson | first8 = K. | last9 = Milgrew | first9 = M. J. | last10 = Edwards | doi = 10.1038/nature10242 | first10 = M. | last11 = Hoon | first11 = J. | last12 = Simons | first12 = J. F. | last13 = Marran | first13 = D. | last14 = Myers | first14 = J. W. | last15 = Davidson | first15 = J. F. | last16 = Branting | first16 = A. | last17 = Nobile | first17 = J. R. | last18 = Puc | first18 = B. P. | last19 = Light | first19 = D. | last20 = Clark | first20 = T. A. | last21 = Huber | first21 = M. | last22 = Branciforte | first22 = J. T. | last23 = Stoner | first23 = I. B. | last24 = Cawley | first24 = S. E. | last25 = Lyons | first25 = M. | last26 = Fu | first26 = Y. | last27 = Homer | first27 = N. | last28 = Sedova | first28 = M. | last29 = Miao | first29 = X. | last30 = Reed | first30 = B. | title = An integrated semiconductor device enabling non-optical genome sequencing | journal = Nature | volume = 475 | issue = 7356 | pages = 348–352 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21776081| pmc = }} External links{{Commons category}}{{Wikiquote}}{{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooksby=yes|viaf=265564053}}
18 : 1929 births|American billionaires|American technology chief executives|American physical chemists|California Institute of Technology alumni|Giving Pledgers|IEEE Medal of Honor recipients|Intel people|Living people|Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering|National Medal of Technology recipients|Businesspeople from San Francisco|Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients|San Jose State University alumni|University of California, Berkeley alumni|Berkeley Student Cooperative alumni|American chief executives of manufacturing companies|People from San Mateo County, California |
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