| 词条 | Grand Canyon Railway | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Grand Canyon Railway | other_name = | logo = Grand_Canyon_Railway_logo.png | logo_width = 300px | logo_alt = Logo for the Grand Canyon Railway with the copyrighted G and the words "Grand Canyon Railway & Hotel Est. 1901" | image = | image_name = June july 2011 023x May 14 2011 RP - Flickr - drewj1946.jpg | image_width = | image_alt = | caption = Ex-Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad 2-8-2 No. 4960 on the Grand Canyon Railway | color = | locale = Coconino County, Arizona, USA | terminus = Grand Canyon Village | longitude = | latitude = | map = | map_caption = | map_alt = | mapsize = | connections = | linename = | builtby = Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway | originalopen = 1901 | originalgauge = {{RailGauge|4ft8.5in|allk=on}} | owned = Xanterra Parks and Resorts | operator = Grand Canyon Railway | marks = GCRY | stations = | length = | preservedgauge = {{RailGauge|4ft8.5in|allk=on}} | era = | com-years = | com-events = | com-years1 = | com-events1 = | com-years9 = | com-events9 = | closedpassengers = 1968 | closed = 1974 | stageyears = 1988 | stage = Max and Thelma Biegert Ownership | years = 1989 | events = reopened | years1 = 2006 | events1 = Xanterra ownership | headquarters = Williams | website = http://www.thetrain.com | routemap = {{Grand Canyon Railway}} | routemap_name = Route map | routemap_state = collapsed }} The Grand Canyon Railway {{Reporting mark|GCRX}}, is a heritage railroad which carries passengers between Williams, Arizona, and the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park. The {{convert|64|mi|km|adj=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} railroad, built by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, was completed on September 17, 1901. The arrival of trains led increased tourism to the area, and the railway company was instrumental in the creation of the Grand Canyon Village to serve guests. Declining ridership due to the popularity of the automobile led the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to cease passenger service of the Grand Canyon Railway in July 1968 and freight service on the line ended in 1974. The railway chugged back to life in the late 1980s, after private investors purchased the line in 1988, restored the facilities, and passenger trains started running again on September 17, 1989. Today, the railroad carries hundreds of passengers to and from the canyon every day and operates year-round. The entire Grand Canyon Railway has been added to the National Register of Historic Places, recognizing the contribution the train has made to the history of the United States. HistorySanta Fe OwnershipIn 1901, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway completed a branch line from Williams to Grand Canyon Village at the South Rim. The first scheduled train to carry paying passengers of the Grand Canyon Railway arrived from Williams on September 17 of that year. The {{convert|64|mi|km|adj=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} long trip cost $3.95, and naturalist John Muir later commended the railroad for its limited environmental impact. To accommodate travelers, the Santa Fe designed and built the El Tovar Hotel, located just {{convert|20|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} from the Canyon Rim. El Tovar opened its doors in January 1905. Competition with the automobile forced the Santa Fe to cease operation of the Grand Canyon Railway in July 1968 (only three passengers were on the last run), although Santa Fe continued to use the tracks for freight until 1974. Plans by entertainer Arthur Godfrey to resume service in 1977 fell through. In addition, two other companies attempted to resurrect the line in 1980 and 1984, with each attempt helping to maintain interest in preserving the line and saving it from scrapping. Max and Thelma Biegert OwnershipIn 1988, the line was bought by Max and Thelma Biegert, a couple from Phoenix, Arizona. The railway was restored and in 1989 began operations as a separate company, independent of the Santa Fe. The first run of the restored railroad was on September 17, 1989, commemorating the September 17 debut of the original railroad.[1] The Biegerts, a couple originally from Nebraska, had made their fortune in crop dusting through Biegert Aviation, founded in 1947, which had a large federal government contract for its B-17 and later C-54 fleet.[2] After leaving the crop-dusting business, they operated a for-profit day care business in Houston, Texas, which became the Children's World Learning Center and is now part of KinderCare Learning Centers. The Biegerts never intended to get into the rail business. They had loaned money secured by the tracks to another person for the rail line. When they defaulted the Biegerts took over the line.[3] In conjunction with the startup, the Biegerts were principal investors in the short-lived Farwest Airlines which was an air taxi service intended to bring tourists from California, Las Vegas and Phoenix to Flagstaff where the passengers would then take the rail line.[4] In the early 1990s, the Grand Canyon Railway purchased a fleet of 1950s era ALCO FA diesel-electric locomotives, featuring an iconic "snub nose" design. The fleet consisted of two cab-equipped lead A unit models and two cabless booster B unit models. The new locomotives supplemented the fleet of steam locomotives and allowed the railway to grow into a year-round operation. The ALCO FA locomotives lacked the features found in more modern units, such as increased horsepower and dynamic brakes. So, in February 2003, the Grand Canyon Railway purchased three late 1970s era F40FH In March 2006, owners Max and Thelma Biegert announced to the media that they were placing the railroad and its associated restaurants, hotels and amenities up for sale. The combined properties had an annual revenue of nearly $40 million. The Biegerts sought a new buyer/operator with a possible theme park background, which would ensure that the railroad, hotels, RV park, restaurants (and a possible new amusement park in Williams) would continue to be operated as one entity. Xanterra ownershipOn September 21, 2006, it was announced that Xanterra Parks & Resorts of Denver, Colorado, submitted the winning bid (for an undisclosed sum) and was selected as the new owner for the Grand Canyon Railway. Xanterra is the corporate name and identity for what was originally known as the Fred Harvey Company, a legendary company with restaurant, hotel and service ties to the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway as far back as 1876. Xanterra said that it intended to keep all 480 of the railway's current employees, and planned to focus on growing the business and increasing the coordination between the railway and Xanterra's other services in the Grand Canyon National Park's South Rim. In the press release, the railway and Xanterra reported over 225,000 passengers and over $38 million in revenue in calendar year 2005. The purchase of the GCR included all of the railway's assets, depots, hotels, RV park, rolling stock, shops and the land on which the {{convert|65|mi|km|0|sing=on}} line operates over. Steam locomotive operations on the Grand Canyon Railway were suspended in September 2008. Xanterra cited environmental concerns as the reason for the decision, pointing out that each roundtrip of a steam locomotive consumed 1,450 gallons of diesel fuel (compared to the 550 gallons used by a diesel-electric locomotive) and 1,200 gallons of water. Industry experts said that ridership losses due to the late 2000s recession and rising fuel prices due to the 2000s energy crisis likely contributed to the decision.[6][7] Steam locomotives would return to the Grand Canyon Railway on September 19, 2009. Xanterra converted the steam locomotives to operate using waste vegetable oil collected from restaurants across Northern Arizona and installed a rainwater collection system on the maintenance building to fill boilers when available. Since 2011, special occasion trips, and at least one roundtrip per month during the summer is operated using a steam locomotive. In 2017, the Grand Canyon Railway added to its fleet of diesel locomotives, purchasing two additional F40FH units from New Jersey Transit. OperationsThe railroad carries hundreds of passengers to and from the canyon every day, totaling about 225,000 people per year.[8] The restored Santa Fe Railway Station in Williams serves as the southern terminus for the Grand Canyon Railway and the Grand Canyon Depot, owned by the National Park Service, is the northern terminus for passengers of the line. Most trains are pulled by the Railway's fleet of F40FH diesel locomotives. Steam locomotives pull trains on special holidays and the first Saturday of the peak travel season (March through October). The Grand Canyon Railway's fleet of historic ALCO FA diesel locomotives also see occasional use. Passengers ride to and from the Grand Canyon in 1950s era climate-controlled coaches. During the peak travel season, 1920s era Pullman Harriman style coaches with open windows are also available. The railroad adds to the Old West experience by having actors dressed as bandits stage a mock train robbery during the return trip from the Grand Canyon to Williams. The Grand Canyon Railway offers at least one daily round trip of its Williams Flyer train between Williams and the Grand Canyon every day except on Christmas Day, December 25. During peak demand periods a second train departure is added.[9]
During the winter season (November – January), the line runs The Polar Express from Williams to the 'North Pole', a station about {{convert|17|mi|km|-1}} north of town. In 2008, this winter service carried about 78,000 passengers. {{clear}}Historic designations{{Infobox NRHP| name = Grand Canyon Railway | nrhp_type = hd | image = WilliamsDepot WilliamsAZ.jpg | caption = Williams Depot | nearest_city = Williams, Arizona | locmapin = Arizona#USA | built = 1898 | architect = Santa Fe & Grand Canyon RR; Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe RR | architecture = Classical Revival | added = August 23, 2000 | area = {{convert|1682|acre}} | refnum = 00000319[10] | nocat = yes }} The entire Grand Canyon Railway has been added to the National Register of Historic Places for being associated with events that made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of the history of the United States. In the nomination to the register, the railroad was credited with, "Opening up of a large area north of Williams, the building of the Grand Canyon National Park facilities at the south rim, establishment of a solid tourist trade in the American Southwest, support of cattle and sheep ranching, copper and uranium mining, lumber industries, and the building of a sub culture around the railroad that continues to this day."[11] The Grand Canyon Depot was added to the register on September 6, 1974, while the Williams Depot and the rest of the railroad between Williams and the Grand Canyon National Park was added as a Historic District on August 23, 2000. The Grand Canyon Depot was also designated as a National Historic Landmark on May 28, 1987 for its outstanding historical significance.[12] {{clear}}See also{{Portal|National Register of Historic Places|Trains|Arizona}}
References1. ^{{Cite web| title = Grand Canyon Railway history |url = http://www.thetrain.com/history/}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thetrain.com/news/presskit/legacy.cfm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-09-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605090957/http://www.thetrain.com/news/presskit/legacy.cfm |archivedate=2008-06-05 |df= }} 3. ^http://www.trainboard.com/grapevine/showthread.php?t=70525 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://ronkilber.tripod.com/farwest/farwest.htm|title=Planes, Trains and the Grand Canyon – plus masked men and marshals on horseback|publisher=|accessdate=1 March 2017}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetrain.com/the-train/equipment/|title=Train Equipment {{!}} Grand Canyon Railway & Hotel|last=|first=|date=|website=Grand Canyon Railway|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=November 16, 2018|quote=Our primary movers are 3 EMD F-40PH diesel locomotives, acquired in February 2003. General Motors Electro Motive Division built Nos. 237 and 239 in 1977 and No. 295 in 1979. Amtrak used the engines through the late 1990s. These engines have been fully refurbished and modernized, and have been in service with GCR since 2004.}} 6. ^{{Cite news| url=http://www.trains.com/trn/default.aspx?c=a&id=3927| title=Ridership loss, rising fuel prices drove GCR to cancel steam program| work=Trains| date=2008-09-11| accessdate=2008-09-14}} 7. ^{{Cite news|title=Top 10 railroad stories of 2008|work=Trains News Wire|date=2008-12-31|accessdate=2009-01-07|url=http://www.trains.com/trn/default.aspx?c=a&id=4447}} 8. ^{{Cite web |url= https://www.thetrain.com/press-kit/backgrounder |title=Backgrounder {{!}} Grand Canyon Railway & Hotel |website= thetrain.com |language=en |access-date= 2018-11-06}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetrain.com/the-train/schedule-route/|title=Daily Train Schedule {{!}} Grand Canyon Railway|last=|first=|date=|website=Grand Canyon Railway|language=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=November 1, 2018}} 10. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/00000319|title=Grand Canyon Railway - National Register of Historic Places|last=|first=|date=August 23, 2000|website=National Park Service|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=November 6, 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1416&ResourceType=Building|title=Grand Canyon Depot|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304230438/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1416&ResourceType=Building|archivedate=2009-03-04|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2007-09-27|df=}} External links{{Attached KML|display=title,inline}}
15 : Grand Canyon|Heritage railroads in Arizona|Transportation in Coconino County, Arizona|Defunct Arizona railroads|Former Class I railroads in the United States|National Register of Historic Places in Coconino County, Arizona|Predecessors of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway|Spin-offs of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway|Railway companies established in 1901|Railway companies disestablished in 1942|Railway companies established in 1989|Tourist attractions in Coconino County, Arizona|Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona|Rail infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona|Williams, Arizona |
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