| 词条 | Great tinamou |
| 释义 |
| name = Great tinamou | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Tinamus_majorPCSL00504B.jpg | genus = Tinamus | species = major | authority = (Gmelin, 1789 [originally Tetrao])[2] | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | subdivision = T. m. percautus (Van Tyne, 1935)[2] T. m. robustus (Sclater & Salvin,1868)[2] T. m. fuscipennis (Salvador, 1895)[2] T. m. castaneiceps (Salvadori, 1895)[2] T. m. brunniventris (Aldrich, 1937)[2] T. m. saturatus (Griscom, 1929)[2] T. m. latifrons (Salvadori, 1895)[2] T. m. zuliensis (Osgood & Conover, 1929)[2] T. m. major (Gmelin, 1789)[2] T. m. olivascens (Conover, 1937)[2] T. m. peruvianus (Bonaparte, 1856)[2] T. m. serratus (Spix, 1825)[2] | synonyms =
}} The great tinamou (Tinamus major) is a species of tinamou ground bird native to Central and South America. There are several subspecies, mostly differentiated by their coloration. DescriptionGreat tinamou are approximately {{convert|44|cm|in|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|1.1|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in weight and size and shape of a small turkey. It ranges from light to dark olive-green in color with a whitish throat and belly,[3] flanks barred black, and undertail cinnamon. Crown and neck rufous, occipital crest and supercilium blackish. Its legs are blue-grey in color. All these features enable great tinamou to be well-camouflaged in the rainforest understory. The great tinamou has a distinctive call, three short, tremulous, but powerful piping notes which can be heard in its rainforest habitat in the early evenings.[3] TaxonomyAll tinamous are from the family Tinamidae, and are the closest living relatives of the ratites. Unlike ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds.[3] There are twelve sub-species
MatingThe great tinamou is a polygynandrous species, and one that features exclusive male parental care. A female will mate with a male and lay an average of four eggs which he then incubates until hatching. He cares for the chicks for approximately 3 weeks before moving on to find another female. Meanwhile, the female has left clutches of eggs with other males. She may start nests with five or six males during each breeding season, leaving all parental care to the males. The breeding season is long, lasting from mid-winter to late summer. The eggs are large, shiny, and bright blue or violet in color, and the nests are usually rudimentary scrapings in the buttress roots of trees.[3] Except during mating, when a pair stay together until the eggs are laid, great tinamous are solitary and roam the dark understory alone, seeking seeds, fruit, and small animals such as insects, spiders, frogs and small lizards in the leaf litter. They are especially fond of Lauraceae, annonaceae, myrtaceae, sapotaceae.[3] HabitatGreat tinamou lives in subtropical and tropical forest such as rainforest, lowland evergreen forest, river-edge forest,[5] swamp forest and cloud forest at altitudes from {{convert|300|to(-)|1500|m|ft|abbr=on|-2}}. Unlike some other tinamous, the great tinamou isn't as affected by forest fragmentation.[1] Its nest can be found at the base of a tree. ConservationThis species is widespread throughout its large range ({{convert|6600000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}),[6] and it was formerly evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1] They are hunted with no major effect on their population.[3] In 2012 the species was reclassified as Near Threatened due to the predicted impact of continuing deforestation, given that its preferred habitat is undistubed forest.[7] Footnotes1. ^1 2 {{IUCN|id=22678148 |title=Tinamus major |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Brands, S. (2008) 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003) 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Clements, J (2007) 5. ^1 American Ornithologists' Union (1998) 6. ^BirdLife International (2008) 7. ^{{cite web|title=Recently recategorised species |url=http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/species/global_species_programme/whats_new.html |publisher=Birdlife International |accessdate=9 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828022837/http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/species/global_species_programme/whats_new.html |archivedate=28 August 2007 |df= }} ==References==
External links
17 : Tinamus|Tinamiformes|Birds of Nicaragua|Birds of Costa Rica|Birds of Mexico|Native birds of Southern Mexico|Birds of Panama|Birds of Central America|South American tinamous|Birds of Colombia|Birds of Ecuador|Birds of Venezuela|Birds of Brazil|Birds of Peru|Birds of the Guianas|Birds of the Amazon Basin|Birds described in 1789 |
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