| 词条 | Griffith, New South Wales |
| 释义 |
| name = Griffith | state = nsw | image = GriffithCourtHouse.JPG | caption = Griffith Court House | coordinates = {{coord|34|17|24|S|146|2|24|E|display=inline,title}} | lga = City of Griffith | postcode = 2680 | pop = 19,144 incl. surrounding suburbs | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}} | pop_footnotes = [1] | est = 4 August 1916[1] | elevation= 129.2 | maxtemp = 23.8 | mintemp = 10.0 | rainfall = 397.3 | county = Cooper | stategov = Murray | fedgov = Farrer | timezone = AEST | utc = +10 | timezone-dst= AEDT | utc-dst = +11 | dist1 = 191 | location1= Wagga Wagga | dist2 = 358 | location2= Canberra | dist3 = 512 | location3= Melbourne | dist4 = 568 | location4= Sydney | dist5 = 803 | location5= Adelaide }}Griffith {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɪ|f|ə|θ}}[2] is a major regional city in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area that is located in the north-western part of the Riverina region of New South Wales, known commonly as the food bowl of Australia. It is also the seat of the City of Griffith local government area. Like the Australian capital, Canberra, and the nearby town of Leeton, Griffith was designed by Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin.[3] Griffith was named after Arthur Hill Griffith,[4] the first New South Wales Minister of Public Works.[5] Griffith was proclaimed a city in 1987,[7] and had a population of 19,144 in 2016.[6] It can be accessed by road from Sydney and Canberra via the Hume Highway and the Burley Griffin Way and from Melbourne, Victoria, via the Newell Highway and either by using the Kidman Way or the Irrigation Way. Griffith can be accessed from other places like Adelaide, Orange, New South Wales, and Bathurst through the Mid-Western Highway and the Rankins Springs road from Rankins Springs and the Kidman Way from Goolgowi. HistoryGriffith and other towns were created as part of the New South Wales State Government's Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) project, a plan to supply irrigation from the Murrumbidgee river in order to open up western New South Wales for farming .[7] The town plan for Griffith, and nearby Leeton, was designed by Walter Burley Griffin in 1914, an unusual geometric pattern centred on a set of circular streets, with broad avenues radiating out in an octagonal arrangement. The streets were surveyed mostly according to that plan, and Griffith was declared a town in 1916. The main dam of the scheme was the large Burrinjuck Dam on the Murrumbidgee between Gundagai and Canberra, but was not completed until 1928. The Berembed Weir, near Narrandera, was built in 1912, diverting water from the Murrumbidgee River into the Bundidgerry Creek then into the Main Canal of the MIA at Narrandera.[8] The Canal, almost a river in its own right, flows through the MIA, supplying water to the entire area, then flows through Griffith as part of the geometric plan, and peters out to the northwest of the town in rice farms. The water supply was further enhanced with the construction of the Snowy River scheme by the Australian Federal Government in the 1950s and 1960s. The Blowering Dam, a large dam near Tumut stores a significant amount of water to be released down the Murrumbidgee for irrigation around Leeton, Griffith and the newer Coleambally area south of the Murrumbidgee and Griffith.[7] From the start of the MIA, citrus and other fruit and vegetables were grown in abundance around Griffith. In the 1950s the irrigation area expanded to include large rice farms. Vineyards were established early, and wineries followed, beginning with McWilliam's Wines at Hanwood and Yenda, two villages just outside the city. From its earliest days, the MIA was populated by Italian workers, some of whom were initially employed by Australian farmers to run steamboats on the Murrumbidgee and Murray Rivers. Approximately 60%[9] of today's Griffith population claim Italian background. These include the initial settlement of Italians from the boat crews and other Italians who came out to Australia in the Depression, or from a second wave of immigrant Italians who came to Griffith in the late 1950s and early 1960s. In the 1970s, Griffith was often associated with drug distribution (particularly marijuana) and organised crime,[10] as depicted in 2009 by A Tale of Two Cities. However, Griffith is now associated with good wine and food, primarily as a result of its diverse population, with notable contributions by Italian-Australians. Griffith's multi-ethnic population is now absorbing new national groups, including a significant Sikh Indian community.[11] The city is sister city with the Italian city of Treviso in the Veneto Region. Many Italians in Griffith are from the Veneto Region or the Calabria Region of Italy. The Italian influence expanded the range of fruit and vegetables, and also significantly increased the number of wineries and the range of wines produced by the existing wineries in the region, such as McWilliam's. De Bortoli, Rosetto and other wineries were established by Italian immigrants, and today they are well known around Australia. In recent times they have been joined by one of the country's best known wine labels, Yellow Tail, produced by Casella Family Brands. Casella, DeBortoli, McWilliam's, Warburn and Berton Vineyards are now among the top 20 wine producers in Australia.[12] Griffith is the cathedral city of the Anglican Diocese of Riverina. The foundation stone of the Parish Church of St Alban the Martyr was dedicated in 1954. It was proclaimed as a cathedral in 1984. Heritage listingsGriffith has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
Climate{{Expand section|date=April 2008}}Griffith has a semi-arid climate (BSk) under the Köppen climate classification with hot summers and cool winters.[14] Extreme temperatures at Griffith Airport AWS have ranged from {{convert|46.0|C|1}} on 23 January 2001[15] to {{convert|-5.9|C|1}} on 17 July 1977.[16] During a heatwave on 10 February 2017, temperatures reached {{convert|45.8|C|1}}, a new record high for February.[15] {{Weather box|location = Griffith Airport AWS |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 46.0 |Feb record high C = 45.8 |Mar record high C = 40.2 |Apr record high C = 36.1 |May record high C = 28.6 |Jun record high C = 25.0 |Jul record high C = 23.6 |Aug record high C = 30.0 |Sep record high C = 38.2 |Oct record high C = 39.2 |Nov record high C = 43.0 |Dec record high C = 44.0 |year record high C = 46.0 |Jan high C = 32.8 |Feb high C = 32.1 |Mar high C = 28.8 |Apr high C = 24.0 |May high C = 19.3 |Jun high C = 15.5 |Jul high C = 14.4 |Aug high C = 16.5 |Sep high C = 19.8 |Oct high C = 23.8 |Nov high C = 28.0 |Dec high C = 30.8 |year high C = 23.8 |Jan low C = 16.9 |Feb low C = 17.3 |Mar low C = 14.2 |Apr low C = 10.2 |May low C = 7.2 |Jun low C = 4.5 |Jul low C = 3.5 |Aug low C = 3.9 |Sep low C = 5.8 |Oct low C = 8.9 |Nov low C = 12.5 |Dec low C = 15.1 |year low C = 10.0 |Jan record low C = 6.8 |Feb record low C = 6.6 |Mar record low C = 4.2 |Apr record low C = 0.0 |May record low C = -2.0 |Jun record low C = -4.0 |Jul record low C = -5.9 |Aug record low C = -4.8 |Sep record low C = -2.2 |Oct record low C = 0.6 |Nov record low C = 1.8 |Dec record low C = 4.2 |year record low C = -5.9 |Jan precipitation mm = 33.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 26.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 32.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 27.8 |May precipitation mm = 35.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 34.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 33.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 35.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 33.2 |Oct precipitation mm = 39.2 |Nov precipitation mm = 32.4 |Dec precipitation mm = 32.7 |year precipitation mm = 397.3 |Jan precipitation days = 4.2 |Feb precipitation days = 3.7 |Mar precipitation days = 3.9 |Apr precipitation days = 4.6 |May precipitation days = 6.4 |Jun precipitation days = 7.6 |Jul precipitation days = 9.4 |Aug precipitation days = 9.0 |Sep precipitation days = 7.5 |Oct precipitation days = 6.4 |Nov precipitation days = 5.3 |Dec precipitation days = 4.9 |year precipitation days = 72.9 |Jan afthumidity = 28 |Feb afthumidity = 34 |Mar afthumidity = 37 |Apr afthumidity = 41 |May afthumidity = 53 |Jun afthumidity = 63 |Jul afthumidity = 62 |Aug afthumidity = 54 |Sep afthumidity = 47 |Oct afthumidity = 37 |Nov afthumidity = 35 |Dec afthumidity = 31 |year humidity = 43 |source 1 = [17] |date=October 2010 }} CommerceGriffith is the regional service centre for the vast Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, one of the most productive agricultural regions in Australia.[18] Thanks to irrigation, Griffith is rich in agriculture and the city is also known as Australia's "Wine and Food Country".[19] CommercialGriffith has experienced strong commercial growth in recent years. Griffith's main streets are Banna Avenue and Yambil Streets but commercial growth has occurred throughout the city. Shopping centre developments include:
IndustrialGriffith is home to the Riverina's largest employer, the Baiada Group.[20] Griffith also has several wineries, including De Bortoli Wines and Casella Family Brands (makers of Yellow Tail wine). ResidentialIn addition to Griffith, the area includes the towns and villages of Willbriggie, Hanwood, Beelbangera, Bilbul, Yoogali, Widgelli, Yenda, Lake Wyangan, Tharbogang and Warburn. The city contains the main suburbs of Collina, Driver, North Griffith, East Griffith, West Griffith, South Griffith, Murrumbidgee, Mayfair, Pioneer Mooreville and Wickhams Hill. The newest development of the suburb Collina has been constructed to the north east of the city's centre. DemographyIn the 2016 Census, there were 19,144 people in Griffith.
EducationGriffith is the third largest centre for education in the Riverina after Wagga Wagga and Leeton. Griffith is home to two high schools: • Murrumbidgee Regional High School - MRHS is a super school, made up of two sites, formerly known as Wade High School and Griffith High School
Griffith also has 13 primary schools and various day care and pre-school facilities. Griffith has one of the largest campuses of Riverina Institute of TAFE. There has been recent{{when|date=November 2016}} plans to construct a fifth campus of Charles Sturt University in Griffith. TransportGriffith Buslines operates buses through Griffith and surrounding towns and villages with 7 main services and routes. https://www.buslinesgroup.com.au/images/pdf/griffith/BUSLINES_Griffith_A4.pdf Griffith is a major junction for the Kidman Way, Burley Griffin Way and Irrigation Way. Griffith is located 550 km west of Sydney via Burley Griffin Way and Irrigation Way and 450 km north of Melbourne via the Kidman Way. Griffith has daily bus services to the major metropolitan areas. Griffith Airport operates daily flights to Sydney (Melbourne in the past, but not currently). The railway reached Griffith on 3 July 1916 and since that date has provided a service transporting passengers and goods into and out of the area. Regular goods trains continue, making it a unique railway centre.[21] Griffith railway station is served by a weekly NSW TrainLink Xplorer service from Sydney. NSW TrainLink also operates a daily road coach service from Mildura to Wagga Wagga stopping at Griffith. This service connects at Wagga Wagga with NSW Trainlink rail services to Sydney and Melbourne.[22]V/Line operates a daily rail/road coach service between Melbourne and Griffith, changing with the train at Shepparton. Melbourne (Southern Cross Station) to Griffith (Bus Terminal at Visitors Centre) is an evening service (daily); Griffith to Melbourne service is overnight (Mon to Sat) / afternoon (Sunday). Travel time is approximately six and a half to seven hours.[23]The city of Griffith had contained no traffic lights up until February 2010 when the first set of traffic lights was installed at the intersection of Burrell Place and Wakaden Street.[24][25] Events
for more events see www.griffith.nsw.gov.au/event.asp MediaRadioGriffith is serviced by a number of commercial, community, narrowcast SBS, and ABC stations Local radio stations broadcasting from Griffith include ABC Riverina, AM radio commercial station 2RG, FM radio commercial station Star FM and a rebroadcast from sports station Sky Sports Radio. Other local stations include Christian radio station Vision Radio Network and the community station 2MIA FM. The ABC's national stations ABC Radio National, ABC Classic FM, ABC NewsRadio and Triple J and the multicultural network SBS Radio are broadcast into Griffith. ABC Riverina, is the local ABC station in Griffith, servicing the entire MIA region. It broadcasts a local breakfast show and a local morning show each weekday broadcast from the ABC studios in Wagga Wagga. Wednesday and Saturday's local morning show is also broadcast to each station on the ABC Local Radio network enabling listeners from outside of the local listening area to call into the popular gardening talk back program. ABC Riverina also has a local news service, produced by local journalists. As well as rural reports, The station also airs a local Saturday breakfast show, which is followed by a local Saturday morning sports program. Apart from local programming, ABC Riverina takes national programs like AM, Conversations, The World Today, PM, Nightlife, Overnights, Grandstand, Saturday Night Country and Australia All Over along with a mid-afternoon program, an evening show and a weekend morning program, all broadcast from Sydney, along with a drive program, broadcast from regional NSW. Other national ABC services that are available in Griffith on separate FM frequencies include Triple J, RN, ABC Classic FM and ABC NewsRadio. 2RG is the Griffith-based commercial FM station owned by Southern Cross Austereo broadcasting from Griffith studios during the day, and then taking networked programming sourced from 2GB Sydney, Gold FM on the Gold Coast, Authentic Entertainment Sydney and Triple M. 2RG in Griffith also produces a local news service with a journalist based at the station, compiling and recording local news bulletins for 2RG and sister station 99.7 Star FM. Star FM, also owned by Southern Cross Austereo, is a commercial FM station servicing Griffith on a local FM frequency, although its local breakfast show is broadcast from a studio in Griffith. Star FM is skewed towards the younger listeners with a Top 40/pop music format. Following the local breakfast show, the station takes Hit Music Network programming sourced from Southern Cross Austereo's hub at Sea FM on the Gold Coast or from metropoliton stations such as 2Day FM Sydney and Fox FM Melbourne. 2MIA is the local community station, broadcasting local programs, presented by radio announcers. The station is skewed towards the older demographic and plays a lot of music. All programs are locally produced apart from the regular programming the station takes from the national community radio network. TelevisionGriffith is served by five television stations, three commercial television stations (WIN Television, Seven Network and Nine Network) which are regional affiliates of the three Australian commercial television networks (Ten, Seven and Nine), and public broadcasters the ABC and SBS. Until the 1990s, Griffith received only the ABC and MTN, an independent television station showing programmes from all three commercial networks. The town receives the commercial networks' digital channels (7Two and 7mate from Seven, 9Go! and 9Gem from Nine and One and Eleven from WIN Television), as well as TVSN, Gold, ABC2/ABC Kids, ABC3, ABC News 24, SBS 2, Food Network and NITV. Foxtel provides subscription satellite television services. MTN carries programming from Seven Network, MDN carries programming from Nine Network and AMN carries programming from Network Ten, WIN also broadcasts the Riverina and MIA WIN News bulletin each weeknight. Regional news coverage of the Griffith and MIA area is provided on all three commercial networks with WIN Griffith airing 30-minute local news bulletins at 6pm each weeknight. WIN News are produced from newsrooms in the city but presented from studios in Wollongong. NewspapersThe Area News is a daily newspaper published in the city each Monday, Wednesday and Friday, as well as national newspapers such as The Australian, The Daily Telegraph, Herald Sun, The Weekly Times and The Age. AttractionsGriffith has many tourist attractions. These include Pioneer Park, a 510-seat Regional Theatre, the Italian museum, the Griffith Regional Art Gallery, craft and antique shops, and its many high standard restaurants. Many of the Griffith wineries also have wine tasting at the cellar door, notably De Bortoli Wines, McWilliams, Beelgara Estate (formally Rossetto Wines), West End Wines, Berton Vineyards and Warburn Estate. Griffith is famous for its botrytis including Debortoli's Noble One and its fortified wine such as McWilliam's Hanwood Port. Ecotourism is also available in Griffith. Scenic Hill has various walking trails, lookouts and is home to the famous Hermit's Cave. Nericon Swamp, part of the Griffith Wetlands Important Bird Area, is an important site for migratory birds.[26] Nearby Cocoparra National Park offers walking trails and there are opportunities to explore along the Murrumbidgee River and Lake Wyangan. {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Oceania#Australia|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Australia}}Twin towns and sister citiesGriffith is twinned with:[27]
Notable people
Notes and references1. ^{{cite book|last=Kelly|first=Bryan Morris|title=From wilderness to eden : a history of the City of Griffith, its region and its people|year=1988|publisher=City of Griffith Council|location=Griffith, N.S.W.|isbn=0-7316-3994-4|page=18}} 2. ^{{cite book | title = Macquarie ABC Dictionary | publisher = The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd | year = 2003 | page = 430| isbn = 1-876429-37-2}} 3. ^{{cite|url=http://www.griffinsociety.org/Lives_and_Works/landscape_architecture.html|title=Landscape Architecture|publisher=Walter Burley Griffin Society Inc|date=2015|accessdate=8 March 2016}} 4. ^{{Australian Dictionary of Biography|last=Nairn|first=Bede|year=1983|volume=9|id2=griffith-arthur-hill-6486|title=Griffith, Arthur Hill (1861–1946)|accessdate=8 March 2016}} 5. ^Australian Dictionary of Biography entry for Griffith, Arthur Hill (1861 - 1946) 6. ^1 2 {{Census 2016 AUS|id=1015|name= Griffith (NSW) (Significant Urban Area)|accessdate=14 February 2019|quick=on}} Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]. 7. ^1 2 {{cite web | title = History of Griffith | publisher = Griffith City Council | url = http://www.griffith.nsw.gov.au/Page/Page.asp?Page_Id=620 | accessdate = 2008-08-16 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080719094901/http://www.griffith.nsw.gov.au/Page/Page.asp?Page_Id=620 |archivedate = 2008-07-19}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Berembed Weir and Site|url=http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_01_2.cfm?itemid=5012039|work=NSW Heritage Branch |accessdate=21 November 2010}} 9. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | year = 2004 | url = http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/nsw/content/2004/s1197534.htm | title = Italian Story | work = | publisher = Australian Broadcasting Corporation | accessdate = }} 10. ^{{cite news|publisher=The Age|date=16 May 1983|title=Aussie Bob, the panel beater who became a millionaire}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2005/01/04/1276016.htm|publisher=ABCNews|date=4 January 2005|title=Sikh community continues tsunami relief efforts}} 12. ^2014 Wine Industry Directory 13. ^{{cite NSW SHR|5056544|Hermit's Cave Complex|hr=01766|fn=H05/00285|accessdate=18 May 2018}} 14. ^{{cite book | last = Linacre | first = Edward |author2=Geerts, Bart | title = Climates and Weather Explained | publisher = Routledge | location = London | year = 1997 | page = 379 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mkZa1KLHCAQC&lpg=PA379&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q=&f=false | isbn = 0-415-12519-7}} 15. ^1 http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=122&p_display_type=dailyDataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=075041 16. ^http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=123&p_display_type=dailyDataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=075041 17. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_075041_All.shtml | title = Monthly climate statistics | accessdate = 27 October 2010| publisher = Bureau of Meteorology}} 18. ^{{cite web | title = Sustainable Agriculture in the Lower Murrumbidgee Catchment | work = European Geosciences Union | publisher = Institute of Hydromechanics and Water Resources Management | url = http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU05/07492/EGU05-J-07492.pdf | accessdate = 10 October 2008}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.placesonline.com/oceania/australia/new_south_wales/griffith/introduction.asp |title=Vacations Griffith - Australia |accessdate=2010-02-28 |publisher=www.placesonline.com}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/07/31/2642018.htm|title=Union fears more Baiada job cuts|accessdate=2010-02-28 |date=31 July 2009|publisher=www.abc.net.au}} 21. ^From Penfolds to Patricks Pollard, Neville Australian Railway History, February; March; April 2008 pp39-57; 75-89; 111-117 22. ^{{Cite New South Wales transport timetables|Southern Region}} 23. ^V/Line Shepparton Timetable {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906060603/http://www.vline.com.au/pdf/timetables/shepparton.pdf/shepparton |date=6 September 2015 }} 24. ^{{cite news |url=http://griffith.yourguide.com.au/news/local/general/council-says-no-to-lights/1211794.html |title=Council says no to lights |last=Tyson |first=Ross |accessdate=8 April 2008 |date=28 March 2008 |publisher=Fairfax Digital |work=The Area News |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120708185847/http://griffith.yourguide.com.au/news/local/general/council-says-no-to-lights/1211794.html |archivedate=8 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 25. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.areanews.com.au/news/local/news/general/busy-intersection-lights-up/1743533.aspx |title=Busy intersection lights up |last=Tyson |first=Ross |accessdate=6 February 2010 |date=5 February 2010 |publisher=Fairfax Digital |work=The Area News |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706101131/http://www.areanews.com.au/news/local/news/general/busy-intersection-lights-up/1743533.aspx |archivedate=6 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 26. ^BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Griffith Wetlands. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 30/06/2011. 27. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.griffith.nsw.gov.au/cp_themes/default/page.asp?p=DOC-EBA-57-12-54 |title=International Relations |accessdate=2013-08-08 |work=Griffith City Council |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322114535/http://www.griffith.nsw.gov.au/cp_themes/default/page.asp?p=DOC-EBA-57-12-54 |archivedate=22 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 28. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article137369691 |title=Doings in Different Districts |newspaper=The Riverine Grazier |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=17 November 1942 |accessdate=13 May 2016 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}} 29. ^Australian Military Records 30. ^"Area Herald" Newspaper 10 November 1942 External links
5 : Populated places established in 1916|Towns in the Riverina|Planned cities in Australia|Griffith, New South Wales|Cities planned by Walter Burley Griffin |
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