| 词条 | Guillemet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
They resemble the double less-than sign (<<) and double greater-than sign (>>), as well as fast rewind and fast forward on various media players. TerminologyGuillemets may also be called angle, Latin, or French quotes / quotation marks. Unicode exists for single and double guillemets. Guillemet is a diminutive of the French name {{lang|fr|Guillaume}} (equivalent to English William), apparently after the French printer and punchcutter Guillaume Le Bé (1525–98),[2][3] though he did not invent the symbols: they first appear in a 1527 book printed by Josse Bade.[4] Some languages derive their word for guillemets analogously: the Irish term is {{lang|ga|Liamóg}}, from {{lang|ga|Liam}} 'William' and a diminutive suffix. Uses{{See also|Quotation mark#Summary table}}Guillemets are used pointing outwards («like this») to indicate speech in these languages and regions:
Guillemets are used pointing inwards (»like this«) to indicate speech in these languages:
Guillemets are used pointing right (»like this») to indicate speech in these languages:
DirectionA guillemet is sometimes used to indicate direction, for example:
Guillemets in computingHistorical computing use (universal adoption)Historically, French and other languages (see above) used the Guillemet as written speech punctuation. Today the Guillemet punctuates online computing almost everywhere, in countless ways. HTML code deploys a Guillemet-like "two way" convention. Emulating the single Guillemet in form and function, the paired caret or angle bracket contains online communications code. Both the 'left angle bracket' and the 'right angle bracket' are tag "enclosures" in universal HTML (< < left caret and > > right caret). Universally, paired Guillemet-like speech symbols enclose HTML this way: "this page" , where "this page" is constructed from multiple additional Guillemet-like tags, each tag in turn enclosing additional "content inside content". Computing use of Guillemet-like symbols dates back to the birth of Internet, in France: home to linguistic and scientific cultures associated with the world's first Internet[5], and the Guillemet. Structurally, the humble 2, those Guillemet-like caret symbols can be compared to the steel members in modern concrete construction. Without correct deployment of the two Guillemet-like symbols, the structure of modern online digital communication cannot exist. Navigation buttons in user interfacesGuillemets are often displayed on buttons that enable forward and backward navigation across a set of items (for example in Visual Basic, MS Access, email clients, article comment sections, etc.). Often a guillemet signifies navigation to the first («) or last (») item in a list, while a corresponding single angle (English a single guillemet, French un guillemot unique) signifies navigation to the previous (<) or next (>) item. Guillemet keyboard entryMacintosh users can together press {{keypress|opt|\\}} to type "«" and {{keypress|opt|shift|\\}} to type "»" - also, {{keypress|opt|shift|3}} to type "‹" and {{keypress|opt|shift|4}} to type "›". This applies to all English-language keyboard layouts supplied with the Apple operating system, e.g. "Australian", "British", "Canadian", "Irish", "Irish Extended", "U.S." and "U.S. Extended". Other language layouts may differ. In French-language keyboard layouts {{keypress|opt|7}} and {{keypress|opt|shift|7}} can be used. On Norwegian keyboards, {{keypress|opt|shift|v}} for "«", and {{keypress|opt|shift|b}} for "»", can be used. For users of Unix-like operating systems running the X Window System, creation of the guillemet depends on a number of factors including the keyboard layout that is in effect. For example, with US International Keyboard layout selected a user would type {{keypress|Alt Gr|[}} for "«" and {{keypress|Alt Gr|]}} for "»". On some configurations they can be written by typing "«" as {{keypress|Alt Gr|z}} and "»" as {{keypress|Alt Gr|x}}. These characters are standard on French Canadian keyboards and some others. With the compose key, press {{keypress|Compose|<|<}} and {{keypress|Compose|>|>}} and press {{keypress|Compose|.|<}} and {{keypress|Compose|.|>}}.
Encoding
Despite their names, the characters are mirrored when used in right-to-left contexts. Double guillemets are present also in several of ISO 8859 code pages (namely: -1, -7, -8, -9, -13, -15, -16) on the same code points. UMLGuillemets are used in Unified Modeling Language to indicate a stereotype of a standard element. GmailGmail offers an orange guillemet as an optional star that can be applied to messages.[6] Gmail also uses single and double angles to denote messages sent directly to the recipient, although it calls them arrows rather than guillemets.[7] Mail mergeMicrosoft Word uses guillemets when creating mail merges. Microsoft use these punctuation marks to denote a mail merge "field", such as «Title», «AddressBlock» or «GreetingLine». Then on the final printout, the guillemet-marked tags are replaced by the corresponding data outlined for that field by the user. DisambiguationGuillemet vs. guillemotIn Adobe Systems font software, its file format specifications, and in all fonts derived from these that contain the characters, the word is incorrectly spelled "guillemot" (a malapropism: guillemot is actually a species of seabird) in the names of the two glyphs: guillemotleft and guillemotright. Adobe acknowledges the error.[8] X WindowsLikewise, X11 mistakenly calls them "XK_guillemotleft" and "XK_guillemotright" in the file keysymdef.h. See also{{Portal|Typography}}
References1. ^{{Cite book |title=The X-Men vs. The Avengers #1 |last=Stern |first=Roger |last2=Silvestri |first2=Marc |last3=Rubinstein |first3=Josef |publisher=Marvel Comics Group |year=1987 |publication-place=New York City |pages=9}} 2. ^Character design standards – Punctuation 1 3. ^decodeunicode.org . decode . LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK 4. ^Trésor de la langue française informatisé – guillemet 5. ^https://www.correlsense.com/invented-first-internet-mon-dieu-french/ 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=7190|title=Advanced search|work=google.com}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=8156|title=How can I tell if a message was sent to just me or to a mailing list?|work=google.com}} 8. ^{{Cite book |author=Adobe Systems Inc. |year=1999 |title=PostScript Language Reference: The Red Book |edition=3rd |publisher=Addison Wesley |isbn=978-0-201-37922-8 |at=Character set endnote 3, page 783 |oclc=40927139}} External links{{Wiktionary|guillemet}}{{Commons category|Guillemets}}{{Languages of France}} 2 : Punctuation|Typographical symbols |
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