| 词条 | Gumla |
| 释义 |
{{Infobox settlement | name = Gumla | official_name = | native_name = गुमला | Website = hi | other_name = | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | nickname = | pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India | coordinates = {{coord|23|N|84.50|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name1 = Jharkhand | subdivision_name2 = Gumla | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 652 | population_total = 1.9 million | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 197 | population_rank = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 835207 | area_code = 06524 | area_code_type = Telephone code | registration_plate = JH-07 | website = {{URL|www.gumla.nic.in}} | footnotes = | demographics1_info1 = Hindi, English | demographics1_title2 = Other important | demographics1_info2 = urdu }} Gumla (Hindi: गुमला) is a city which is the headquarters of Gumla district in the state of Jharkhand, India. HistoryGumla began as a hamlet. A week-long "Cow Fair" (Gau-Mela) took place every year, where items in daily use (utensils, ornaments, grain and sometimes cattle) were sold or bartered. Since these items were only available at the fair, people would keep lists during the year of what they needed. The hamlet's population grew, and it became a village named "Gumla" (a derivative of Gau–Mela). During British rule in India Gumla was in Lohardaga district, and in 1800 there was a revolt against the Raj. In 1807, the Oraons of Barway (west of Gumla) murdered their landlord from Srinagar, and the uprising spread throughout Gumla. In 1843, Gumla became part of Bishunpur province. The province, which was abolished in 1899, was later named Ranchi; in 1902, Gumla became a subdivision of Ranchi district. During the medieval era, the Chhotanagpur region was ruled by the kings of the Naga dynasty and Baraik Devenandan Singh ruled the Gumla region. During the Kolh Reble in 1931–32, Vaktar Say reportedly played a prominent role. Ganga Maharaj, who built the Kali Temple at Sri Ramnagar, was active in the Quit India Movement in 1942; for his contribution to Indian independence, he received a pension from the government. On May 18, 1983 Gumla District was established by Bihar Chief Minister Jagannath Mishra. Dwarika Nath Sinha was appointed the first deputy commissioner of the new district. GeographyGumla is in the southern part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which forms the eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau. Three rivers flow through the area: the South Koyel, the North Koyel and the Shankh. ClimateGumla has a temperate, sub-tropical climate, with an average high of {{convert|40|°C|°F}} in summer and an average low of {{convert|3|°C|°F}} in winter. Average annual rainfall is about {{convert|1450|mm|in|abbr=off}}. Demographics{{As of|2001}},[1] Gumla had a population of 104,600, with males constituting 52 percent and females 48 percent. Gumla had an average literacy rate of 75 percent, higher than the national average of 59.5 percent: male literacy was 80 percent, and female literacy 70 percent. Fifteen percent of the population was under six years of age. Major languages spoken in the region are Nagpuri (or Sadri), Hindi, Oriya, Bihari and Kurukh.Connectivitya) Roadways Gumla is connected to Ranchi and Simdega via NH – 43. It is connected via State Highways to Lohardaga, Latehar, Daltonganj and other major towns of the State. It is connected to the State of Chhattisgarh via NH-78. Union Minister of Road Transport, Highways and Shipping, Nitin Gadkari will soon lay the foundation of the much awaited Gumla bypass project. A total {{convert|12.6|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} road shall connect Silam village on NH-78 under Raidih block to Dhodhra village in Gumla block on NH - 23. The work is expected to start by 2018. b) Railways Pokla railway station is the only Indian Railways station in the District of Gumla , the other stations in proximity being Bano, Govindpur Road, Tori, Latehar, Orga and Mccluskieganj. EducationIn 1986, Rakesh Popli and his wife, Rama (an expert in childhood education), founded the first Ekal Vidyalaya (one-teacher) schools to bring education to the tribes of the region.[2] From 2018, Deptt. of Higher and Technical Education, Govt. of Jharkhand is going to start Polytechnic College "Gumla Polytechnic".The Polytechnic college will be run and manage under "PPP" Mode by Gumla Educational Foundation. Three colleges under Ranchi University:
Polytechnic College
Schools in Gumla include:
St. Ignatius School, founded in 1935 and administered by the Jesuits, has produced international-level hockey players. Tourist attractions
{{anchor|Karma|Sarhul Dance|Bheja dance}}Festivals and dancesThe Karma festival rotates from village to village. It is divided into three parts: Raj karma, Budhui karma and Padda karma. Raj karma is celebrated by the entire community; Budhi karma is celebrated by old women in June to summon the rain god. Padda karma is celebrated by the entire village. Sarhul, an Oraon festival, is known for its dance. Dancers form a circle, with musicians playing traditional instruments inside it. Men wear a white dhoti with a red border and women wear a white sari with a red border. In the bheja dance, dozens of young boys and girls form a chain by clasping hands. The dance has a variety of postures, with melodious traditional music and rhythmic songs. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}} 2. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.ekal.org/40/newsletter-October-2007 |journal=Newsletter October 2007 |title=Dr. Rakesh Popli, Nuclear Scientist & one of Ekal's Visionaries, passed away on September 15, 2007 |publisher= Ekal Vidyalaya Foundation |accessdate=22 March 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://gumla.nic.in/PALKOT_MAIN.html|title=Palokot|website=The Official Website of Gumla|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416182717/http://www.gumla.nic.in/PALKOT_MAIN.html|archivedate=16 April 2009 |accessdate=September 15, 2015|deadurl=yes}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://gumla.nic.in/tanginath.html|title=Tanginath|website=The Official Website of Gumla|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416182646/http://www.gumla.nic.in/tanginath.html|archivedate=16 April 2009 |deadurl=yes|accessdate=September 15, 2015}} External links
1 : Cities and towns in Gumla district |
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