| 词条 | Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park |
| 释义 |
|iucn_category = II |name = Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park |alt_name = Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer |map_image = Karte Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer.png |map_width = 256 |map_alt = |map_caption = Location of the park in northern Germany | coordinates = {{coords|53.935329|8.472694|region:DE-HH|format=dms|display=inline, title}} |nearest_city = |location = North Sea coast, Hamburg, {{GER}} |area_ha = 13750 |established = {{start date|1990|4|9}} |photo = Germany (2), Neuwerk, Scharhörn, Nigehörn.jpg |photo_caption = Aerial picture of the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park, with the islands Neuwerk (above), Scharhörn and Nigehörn (below, appearing as a single island) and parts of the Scharhörn and Neuwerk mudflats (right). Viewing direction is toward the SE. |visitation_num = |visitation_year = | embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Hamburgisches Wattenmeer | designation1_date = 1 August 1990 | designation1_number = 501[1]}} }} The Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park ({{lang-de|Hamburgisches Wattenmeer}}) is the smallest of the three German Wadden Sea National Parks which protect the single ecological entity of the Waddensea of Hamburg (UNESCO biosphere reserve) reaching from Den Helder to Esbjerg. It is an exclave of the city state of Hamburg in North Germany and lies 12.5 km off Cuxhaven in the estuary of the Elbe in the North Sea (German Bight) and includes the islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn and Nigehörn. It is made up mainly of sand and mixed mudflats with shallow creeks, sand bars (Plaaten) and the aforementioned dune islands. National parkIn accordance with a ruling by the Hamburg Parliament on 9 April 1990 the area was reclassified as the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park. On 5 April 2001 the law was updated and the national park area expanded as a result. The total area of the national park (Zones 1 and 2) is {{convert|13750|ha|sqmi}}. The Zone 1 areas are under special protection. Thus, for example mudflat hiking and horse and carriage rides are only permitted on designated routes. Within the national park there are about 2,000 species of animal, of which about 250 only occur in the salt marshes of the Wadden Sea. Of particular note are the common seal and the gray seal. Due to the natural influx of sediment, there is a high concentration of food for young fish and seabirds at the mouth of the Elbe. The national park is therefore an important resting and moulting area for seabirds. For example, shelducks live on the snails that are found in hundreds of thousands on the surface of the mudflats. The approximately 180,000 birds of the north-western shelduck population spends also their moulting period from July to September in the Wadden Sea, which is protected by the three national parks in the states of Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg. About 200,000 eider ducks also spend their moulting season here; about 1,000 pairs of eiders also use the mudflats of the North Sea as a breeding area. Most of them breed on the island of Amrum. At the same time, the Wadden Sea is a resting place for breeding birds from northern climes that eat up the fat reserves they need for successful breeding. As a result, there are about 10-12 million waders, geese, ducks and gulls in the Wadden Sea as a whole. The park works closely with the Jordsand Society (Verein Jordsand) especially in the area of bird conservation. Biosphere reserveSince 1992 the national park has also been designated as a biosphere reserve, something which increases the importance of the park, because since then it has been placed under international protection in accordance with the UNESCO programme, "man and biosphere". The national park management is responsible for the care of the biosphere reserve and its national aspects. AddressesNationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer Nationalpark-Station Neuwerk, Turmwurt D - 27499 Insel Neuwerk Tel.: 04721 / 69271 and Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt Nationalpark-Verwaltung Hamburgisches Wattenmeer Stadthausbrücke 8 D - 20355 Hamburg Tel.: 040 / 42840 - 3392 Sources
Filmography
See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|title=Hamburgisches Wattenmeer|website=Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/501|accessdate=25 April 2018}} External links{{Commons category|Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer}}
8 : National parks of Germany|Biosphere reserves of Germany|Nature reserves in Hamburg|Wadden Sea|Protected areas of Hamburg|Protected areas established in 1990|1990 establishments in West Germany|Ramsar sites in Germany |
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