“Hamilton, Massachusetts”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Hamilton is a rural-suburban town in the eastern central portion of Essex County in eastern Massachusetts, United States. At the 2010 census, it had a population of 7,764.^[1] Currently the town has no manufacturing industry and no industrially-zoned land.

Its location on the North Shore of Massachusetts provides easy access to the Atlantic seashore with its reservations, beaches and boating. The town includes many historic houses, pastoral landscapes, and old stone walls that accompany winding tree-lined roads. It also has a rich equestrian heritage, which remains strong due to the influence of the many horse farms and of Myopia Hunt Club, which holds frequent equestrian events, including polo most Sunday afternoons. (Myopia also hosts a Thanksgiving Day fox hunt each year that the public may attend.^[2]) Thus, people visiting Hamilton may well share the secondary roads with horse and pony riders.

Hamilton is closely tied to neighboring Wenham, sharing a school system, library, recreation department, commuter rail station and newspaper. In 2010, the community of Hamilton-Wenham was listed among the "Best Places to Live" by Boston Magazine.

Hamilton includes South Hamilton, which is that part of Hamilton that the Postal Service has assigned the zip code 01982. "Hamilton" and "South Hamilton" are indistinguishable from each other except for the difference in zip codes.

History

In June 1638, John Winthrop the Younger, son of the founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, bought most of present-day Essex County from Masconomet, chief of the Agawam Indians, for the sum of twenty English pounds. A memorial stone on Sagamore Hill in southeastern Hamilton marks where Mosconomet was buried with his gun and tomahawk around 1658.

Hamilton was first settled in 1638 and was originally a section of Ipswich known as "The Hamlet". The first recorded land grant in the Hamlet was Matthew Whipple's farm, dated 1638. Three years later the new stagecoach road from Boston to Newburyport (Bay Road) was laid out through the Whipple land. Other early settlers of the Hamlet, including the Appletons, Winthrops, Lamsons, and Dodges, were attracted by countryside similar to the English farms and estates they had left behind.

The town was incorporated on June 21, 1793,^[3] and named for Alexander Hamilton, whose portrait became the town seal in 1903. With the arrival of the Boston and Maine Railroad in 1839, the population center moved gradually southward toward the depot.

The farm village proved to be an attractive location for Boston groups seeking land for recreation and renewal. A Methodist ministers' association first held a camp meeting at Asbury Grove in 1859. In the 1880s, the Myopia Hunt Club, which had been named in jest for its nearsighted founders, moved from Winchester, Massachusetts, to the Gibney Farm in Hamilton. Beginning as a lawn tennis and baseball club, it turned to polo, the hunt, and golf as members built large summer estates in the area. Myopia donated the site for the General George S. Patton Memorial Park to the town of Hamilton. The park continues to be a recreation center for the town.

In 1921 the Mandell family built the Community House in memory of the eight men in Hamilton and Wenham who died in military service during World War I, including their son, Sam. They commissioned Guy Lowell, a respected architect of Boston and New York, to design the building, and gave the Community House in trust for the use of the residents of both towns. Although in its early days the Community House offered activities such as bowling and a men's smoking room, it now features a wide range of classes and activities for all ages.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of {{convert|38.6|km2|disp=flip}}, of which {{convert|36.7|km2|disp=flip}} is land and {{convert|1.9|km2|disp=flip}}, or 4.89%, is water.^[7] Hamilton lies {{convert|5|mi|0}} inland from Massachusetts Bay, and both the eastern and western portion of town are bordered by water, with the Ipswich River to the west and Chebacco Lake and several other small ponds to the east. The highest point in town is found on Blueberry Hill in Bradley Palmer State Park, with an elevation of at least {{convert|215|ft}}, according to the most recent (2011-2012) USGS 7.5-minute topographical map.^[8] Several areas of town are protected, including Myopia Hunt Club and parts of Bradley Palmer State Park, Appleton Farm Sanctuary, and the Ipswich River Wildlife Sanctuary.

Hamilton is bordered by Ipswich to the north, Essex to the east, Manchester-by-the-Sea to the southeast, Wenham to the south, and Topsfield to the west. It is located {{convert|8|mi|0}} north of Salem and {{convert|23|mi}} northeast of Boston.

Transportation

Demographics

As of the census^[9] of 2000, there were 8,315 people, 2,668 households, and 2,142 families residing in the town. (Update: The population was 8251 in 2009, down less than 100 from the 8,315 of the 2000 census. Based on the total area, both land and water, the density is therefore 553.8 persons per square mile.) As of the 2000 census, there were 2,825 housing units at an average density of 193.5 per square mile (74.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 94.19% White, 0.47% African American, 0.17% Native American, 4.26% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.99% of the population.

There were 2,668 households out of which 66.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.1% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.7% were non-families. 15.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the town, the population was spread out with 27.4% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $72,000, and the median income for a family was $79,886. Males had a median income of $51,776 versus $37,013 for females. The per capita income for the town was $33,222. About 3.4% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Hamilton is esteemed for the regional school district it shares with neighboring Wenham, and Hamilton is where the majority of the schools in the Hamilton-Wenham Regional School District are located. Only Buker Elementary School is located outside the town, in Wenham.

At Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School, students' average SAT scores are above the state average (According to numbers released by the state Dept of Education, Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School ranked 27th in the state based on combined total SAT scores for the 2006/2007 school year), and the school regularly sends top students to Ivy League schools. Boston Magazine's 2010 issue showcasing a list of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20121109113721/http://www.wickedlocal.com/wenham/news/education/x1470552429/Hamilton-Wenham-High-School-ranks-high-on-magazine-s-Best-Schools-list best public high schools] ranked Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School 12th, placing Hamilton-Wenham's public high school in the top 10 percent of the state overall. Hamilton-Wenham also had one of the highest graduation rates, at 96.8 percent. By 2011, Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School had moved up to number nine in Boston Magazine's "Best Schools" list.

More recently, Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School ranked 107th (out of 14,000) on Newsweek's 2014 list of "America's Top High Schools"^[10] and Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School was ranked the 13th-best public high school in Massachusetts in the 2016 U.S. World & News Report rankings ^[11] (the same report ranked Hamilton-Wenham 344th nationally.)

According to a September 29, 2010, article in the Hamilton-Wenham Chronicle: "Of the 885 schools in Massachusetts, the Bessie Buker Elementary School ranked second in science on this year's MCAS. The fifth-grade class at the school had 93 percent of its students score advanced and proficient. In addition, all ninth-grade students passed the biology test, with 92 percent scoring advanced and proficient, ranking 20th state-wide. Cutler School scored 21st state-wide with 90 percent of third-graders scoring advanced and proficient in English language arts."^[12]

The Pingree School, a private secondary school, is located on the historic Pingree Family Estate in Hamilton.

Hamilton is also home to Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, an interdenominational evangelical theological seminary.

Notable people

Historic places

References

1. ^{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Hamilton town, Essex County, Massachusetts| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=September 4, 2012}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nephotographyguild.com/2011/11/experience-the-myopia-club-fox-hunt-this-thanksgiving/ |title=Experience The Myopia Club Fox Hunt This Thanksgiving! |publisher=Nephotographyguild.com |date= |accessdate=2015-04-24}}
3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=hfUBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA284&dq=Hamilton+was+incorporated+on+June+21,+1793&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Hamilton%20was%20incorporated%20on%20June%2021%2C%201793&f=false The Massachusetts register and United States calendar for the year of our Lord]
4. ^Beattie, Donald W., ed., Hamilton, Massachusetts: "Chronicle of a Country Town"; Hamilton, MA: Town of Hamilton, Massachusetts American Revolution Bicentennial Commission, 1976.
5. ^Pulsifer, Janice P., Changing Town: Hamilton, Massachusetts 1850-1910; Hamilton, MA: Hamilton Historical Society, 1976.
6. ^Safford, Daniel E., "Hamilton" in The History of Essex County, Volume II; Philadelphia: J.W. Lewis & Company, 1888.
7. ^{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Hamilton town, Essex County, Massachusetts| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=September 4, 2012}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://ims.er.usgs.gov/gda_services/download?item_id=5644852 |title=Georgetown Map |publisher=Ims.er.usgs.gov |accessdate=2015-04-24}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/high-schools/americas-top-schools-2014 |title=America's Top High Schools : 2014 |publisher=Newsweek.com |accessdate=2015-04-24}}
11. ^https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/massachusetts/rankings?schooltypepublic=y&schooltypemagnet=y&schooltypecharter=y
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wickedlocal.com/hamilton/news/education/x2121098928/Serving-our-students-with-excellence |title=Serving our students with excellence |date=Sep 29, 2010 |work=Wicked Local Hamilton |publisher=GateHouse Media |location=Perinton, New York }}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.near-the-sea.com/MHS/masco.html |title= Masconomet: Sachem of the Agawam Tribe |publisher=Manchester Historical Society}}