| 词条 | Hark! The Herald Angels Sing | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Hark! The Herald Angels Sing | type = | image = Worship_of_the_shepherds_by_bronzino.jpg|Worship of the Shepherds by Bronzino | alt = | caption = | translation = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | composer = | genre = Christmas carol | occasion = | text = Charles Wesley, adapted by George Whitefield and others | language = | written = 1739 | based_on = {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=2|verse=14}} | meter = 7.7.7.7 D with refrain | melody = "Festgesang" by Felix Mendelssohn, adapted by William H. Cummings | composed = | published = | misc = }} "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" is a Christmas carol that first appeared in 1739 in the collection Hymns and Sacred Poems. Its lyrics had been written by Charles Wesley. Wesley had requested and received slow and solemn music for his lyrics, not the joyful tune expected today. Moreover, Wesley's original opening couplet is "Hark! how all the welkin rings / Glory to the King of Kings".[1] The popular version is the result of alterations by various hands, notably by Wesley's co-worker George Whitefield who changed the opening couplet to the familiar one, and by Felix Mendelssohn, whose melody was used for the lyrics. In 1840—a hundred years after the publication of Hymns and Sacred Poems—Mendelssohn composed a cantata to commemorate Johann Gutenberg's invention of movable type printing, and it is music from this cantata, adapted by the English musician William H. Cummings to fit the lyrics of "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing", that propels the carol known today.[2][3] Textual historyThe original hymn text was written as a "Hymn for Christmas-Day" by Charles Wesley, included in the 1739 John Wesley collection Hymns and Sacred Poems.[4] Wesley's original hymn began with the opening line "Hark how all the Welkin rings". This was changed to the familiar "Hark! the Herald Angels sing" by George Whitefield in his 1754 Collection of hymns for social worship.[5] A second change was made in the 1782 publication of the Tate and Brady New Version of the Psalms of David. In this work, Whitefield's adaptation of Wesley's hymn appears, with the repetition of the opening line "Hark! the Herald Angels sing/ Glory to the newborn king" at the end of each stanza, as it is commonly sung today.[6]
Tune{{Listen|filename=U.S. Army Band - Hark! The Herald Angels Sing.ogg |title="Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" |description=Performed by the U.S. Army Band Chorus }} In 1855, English musician William H. Cummings adapted Felix Mendelssohn's secular music from Festgesang to fit the lyrics of "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" written by Charles Wesley.[11] Wesley envisaged the song being sung to the same tune as his Easter song "Christ the Lord Is Risen Today",[12] and in some hymnals that tune is included for "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" along with the more popular Mendelssohn-Cummings tune.[13] "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" was regarded as one of the Great Four Anglican Hymns and published as number 403 in "The Church Hymn Book" (New York and Chicago, U.S., 1872).[14] In the UK, "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" has popularly been performed in an arrangement that maintains the basic original William H. Cummings harmonisation of the Mendelssohn tune for the first two verses, but adds a soprano descant and a last verse harmonisation for the organ in verse three by Sir David Willcocks. This arrangement was first published in 1961 by Oxford University Press in the first book of the Carols for Choirs series. For many years it has served as the recessional hymn of the annual Service of Nine Lessons and Carols at King's College Chapel, Cambridge.[15] An uncommon arrangement of the hymn to the tune "See, the Conqu'ring hero comes" from Handel's Judas Maccabaeus, normally associated with the hymn "Thine Be the Glory", is traditionally[16] used as the recessional hymn of the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols at St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. This is broadcast live each year on Christmas Eve on RTÉ Radio 1. The usual (first) three verses are divided into six verses, each with chorus. The arrangement features a brass fanfare with drums in addition to the cathedral organ, and takes about seven and a half minutes to sing. The Victorian organist W. H. Jude, in his day a popular composer, also composed a new setting of the work, published in his Music and the Higher Life.[17] References1. ^{{cite web |title=Hymn Texts and Tunes |work=Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary Handbook |publisher=Bethany Lutheran College |accessdate=24 December 2012 |url=http://www.blc.edu/comm/gargy/gargy1/elh.hymn.info.ghi.html}} 2. ^[https://archive.org/details/hymnsandsacredpo00wesliala Hymns and sacred poems, Bristol, 1743, p. 142.] 3. ^Hark! the Herald Angels Sing at Hymns and Carols of Christmas 4. ^{{Cite book|title = The English Hymn: A Critical and Historical Study|last = Watson|first = J. R.|publisher = Clarendon Press|year = 1997|isbn = 0198267622|location = Oxford|pages = 205–229}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title = A Collection of hymns for social worship|last = Whitefield|first = George|publisher = William Strahan|year = 1754|isbn = |location = London|pages = }} 6. ^{{Cite book|title = A new version of the Psalms of David: fitted to the tunes used in churches|last = Tate|first = Nahum and Nicholas Brady|publisher = J. Archdeacon|year = 1782|isbn = |location = Cambridge|pages = }} 7. ^John and Charles Wesley, Hymns and Sacred Poems (London: William Strahan, 1739) 8. ^[https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=CCgPAAAAIAAJ&rdid=book-CCgPAAAAIAAJ&rdot=1 A Collection of Hymns for Social Worship, More Particularly Designed for the Use of the Tabernacle and Chapel Congregations in London] (London: William Straham, 1758) 9. ^David Willcocks & Reginald Jacques (ed) Carols for Choirs (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961), see A Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols 2015, King's College Cambridge, URL accessed 11 December 2015 10. ^This line is a paraphrase of Malachi 4:2 ("But for you who revere my name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings. And you will go out and leap like calves released from the stall."), but is often changed to "Son of righteousness" 11. ^Hark the Herald Angels Sing carols.org.uk 12. ^{{cite web |title=Hark! The Herald Angels Sing| url=http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=9353| publisher=SongFacts}} 13. ^Many hymnals assign the name MENDELSSOHN to the Mendelssohn-Cummings tune. "Christ the Lord Is Risen Today" is commonly sung to tune WORGAN (1741) from John Walsh's (1695–1736) Lyra Davidica (1708) as arranged by John Arnold (1720–1792) in his Compleat Psalmodist (1741). "Come, Thou Long-Expected Jesus" is frequently, and especially in the United States, matched to tune HYFRYDOL by Rowland H. Prichard as arranged by Ralph Vaughan Williams; the popularity of HYFRYDOL for other hymns, notably "Alleluia! Sing to Jesus" (words by William Chatterton Dix), has sustained the identification of "Come, Thou Long-Expected Jesus" with tune SUSSEX (also by Williams, as adapted from an English folk melody), especially in the United Kingdom and British Commonwealth. 14. ^{{cite book|url = https://archive.org/details/historyandusehym007965mbp |title = The History and Use Hymns and Hymn-Tunes|first = David |last = Breed|publisher = Fleming H. Revell Company|location = Old Tappan, New Jersey|year = 1934|accessdate = 2013-12-25}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/chapel/ninelessons/index.html |title=Nine Lessons and Carols |publisher=King's College, Cambridge |accessdate=2007-10-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016061944/http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/chapel/ninelessons/index.html |archivedate=2007-10-16 |df= }} 16. ^[https://www.jstor.org/pss/921578 The Musical Times, March 1944] 17. ^Hark! The Herald Angels Sing, National Library of Australia. External links{{wikisourcepar|Hark! The Herald Angels Sing}}
5 : 18th-century Christian texts|Christmas carols|Christmas songs|Hymns by Charles Wesley|Songs about Jesus |
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