| 词条 | Harry Bates (author) |
| 释义 |
| name = Harry Bates | image = | imagesize = | caption = | pseudonym = Anthony Gilmore, H.G. Winter, A.R. Holmes | birth_name = Hiram Gilmore Bates III | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|10|9|mf=y}} | birth_place = Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | death_date =September 1981 (80) | death_place = New York | occupation = editor, author | nationality = American | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | period = 1930–1953 | genre = Science fiction | subject = | movement = | notableworks = "Farewell to the Master" | spouse = | partner = | children = | relatives = | influences = | influenced = | awards = {{Awd|First Fandom Hall of Fame|1976}}[1] | signature = | website = | portaldisp = }} Hiram Gilmore "Harry" Bates III (October 9, 1900 – September 1981) was an American science fiction editor and writer. His short story "Farewell to the Master" (1940) was the basis of the well-known science fiction movie The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951). BiographyHarry Bates was born Hiram Gilmore Bates III on October 9, 1900 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He began working for William Clayton in the 1920s as the editor of adventure pulp magazines. When Clayton proposed a period adventure magazine, Bates suggested several alternatives that he said would be easier to edit, and Astounding Science Fiction was the result. Bates, who was not a fan of science fiction,[2] edited the magazine from its inception in January 1930 until March 1933, when Clayton went bankrupt and the magazine was sold to Street and Smith. During that time, he edited other magazines for Clayton, including Strange Tales, intended to compete with Weird Tales. Bates believed the science fiction stories of the time were poorly written: "Amazing Stories! Once I had bought a copy. What awful stuff I'd found it! Cluttered with trivia! Packed with puerilities. Written by unimaginables! But now at the memory I wondered if there might be a market for a well-written magazine on the Amazing themes." Bates wrote that the "science fiction of the early writers had little relation to science of the scientists." What science fiction writers did was to "extrapolate" and not "relate" because "almost all of what is called science fiction is fantasy and nothing else but." In 1964, Bates recalled his editorship of Astounding: "Long ago I was a party to the genesis of a magazine which persisted through thirty years and thirty millions of words. ... Astounding was a living being. I served it in its infancy and childhood, Orlin Tremaine brought it through youth and adolescence, John Campbell guided it through adulthood and maturity." Clayton was willing to pay four times the rates offered by Hugo Gernsback's rival Amazing Stories. Bates had a different opinion of science fiction than Gernsback. Bates felt that the science needed to be exciting but not necessarily accurate {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} and that story and pacing were more important. Using the pseudonyms Anthony Gilmore and H.G. Winter, Bates and his assistant editor Desmond Winter Hall collaborated on the "Hawk Carse" series and other stories. In 1952, the Hawk Carse stories were collected in Space Hawk: The Greatest of Interplanetary Adventurers. Bates's most famous story is "Farewell to the Master" (Astounding, October 1940), which was the basis for the well-known science fiction movie of 1951, The Day the Earth Stood Still, as well as the 2008 remake and the 1973 Marvel Comics Worlds Unknown series adaptation. Bates recalled the creation of the Hawk Carse science fiction series in Requiem for Astounding (1964): "From the beginning I had been bothered by the seeming inability of my writers to mix convincing character with our not-too-convincing science; so after nearly two years, with the double hope of furnishing the writers an example of a vivid hero and villain and my readers a whopping hero versus villain, I generated the first Hawk Carse story." Two novellas by Bates appeared in Gernsback's Science-Fiction Plus, edited by Sam Moskowitz. "The Death of a Sensitive" (May, 1953) was ranked by Moskowitz as the best story he ever published in the magazine. Both Gernsback and Moskowitz, however, wanted changes in "The Triggered Dimension" (December 1953). Bates agreed to make the changes and arrived at the magazine's offices at 25 West Broadway to do the revisions. That same year Moskowitz began teaching what is believed to be the first college course on science fiction at City College. Bates had agreed to speak as a guest lecturer for the first class. As retaliation for the revision of his story, however, Bates intentionally did not go to the class, resulting in considerable awkwardness for Moskowitz. Moskowitz recalled later: Seven years later, I received a letter from Harry Bates dated October 2, 1960. In essence, it revealed that Bates was now totally disabled due to progressive arthritis and was trying to get early Social Security at 60. He had a doctor's statement that he was suffering from that condition at present, but they wanted proof that it was progressive and prevented him from writing stories for income. He asked if I would be willing to supply a statement that he had written stories for me with the greatest difficulty. He didn't know if he had ever mentioned it to me, but any validation would help. It so happened that he had shown me his swollen knuckles in 1953, but beyond that, I had a letter from him describing the difficulty, written earlier that year. I mailed him back the letter, for which I still had the dated envelope, and he got his Social Security—- his only income for the next 20 years! Christmas of 1962 I received a card from him on which he scrawled: "I ain't mad at you no more."[3] In 1964, Bates contributed an introductory essay, Editorial Number One, "To Begin", along with John W. Campbell, to A Requiem for Astounding by Alva Rogers, which examined the history of the science fiction magazine Astounding. Harry Bates died in September, 1981, at the age of 80. The Day the Earth Stood StillIn 1951, Twentieth Century Fox released the movie The Day the Earth Stood Still, which was based on the Harry Bates' 1940 short story "Farewell to the Master". The science fiction movie featured Michael Rennie as Klaatu, Patricia Neal, Sam Jaffe, Hugh Marlowe, and Lock Martin as the giant alien robot Gort, called Gnut in Bates' short story. The movie was directed by Robert Wise and produced by Julian Blaustein. Screenwriter Edmund H. North adapted Bates' short story for the screen. The movie is rated consistently by critics as one of the greatest science fiction movies ever made. [4] In 2008, director Scott Derrickson remade The Day the Earth Stood Still. The movie starred Keanu Reeves as the alien Klaatu and Jennifer Connelly as Dr. Helen Benson. David Scarpa wrote the screenplay based on Edmund H. North's 1951 screenplay.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} The critical and commercial success of the 1951 movie relied on the novel themes Bates introduced in his short story. Ever since H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds (1898), aliens were often described as menacing, aggressive, and murderous, with a degraded moral and ethical sense. In Bates' story, aliens are the opposite, possessing a good moral character. The alien Klaatu's face "radiated kindness, wisdom, the purest nobility. In his delicately tinted robe he looked like a benign god."[5] The giant alien robot, Gnut in the short story, Gort in the film, is immensely powerful, but can exhibit sadness and gentleness. The surprise ending, wherein Gnut tells the journalist, who is relating the story, "You misunderstand, ... I am the master,"[6] prompts some interesting speculation about relationships between mankind and technology of the future.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} While The Day the Earth Stood Still is inspired by Bates' short story, the 1951 context of the Cold War resulted in some changes to the story's themes. In the movie Klaatu seeks to promote peace and to warn mankind of the dangers of science and technology when they are exploited and corrupted. The alien explains that Gort is a member of a race of all-powerful robots who were created to eliminate any civilizations which promoted warfare in space.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} During 1983, The Day the Earth Stood Still was inducted into the Science Fiction Film Hall of Fame as part of the Balrog Awards, which were given from 1979-1985.[7] The 2008 version of The Day the Earth Stood Still represents a major issue of its own day: the alien's concern is mankind's destruction of the environment. Earth is believed by alien civilizations to be one of a very few precious planets capable of supporting intelligent life and should therefore be protected from mankind's depredations.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} Hawk Carse short storiesUnder the pseudonym of Anthony Gilmore, Harry Bates wrote the following stories in the Hawk Carse series with Desmond W. Hall, collected in Space Hawk: The Greatest of Interplanetary Adventurers (New York: Greenberg, 1952):
Ten years later, Amazing Stories printed im July the final Hawk Carse novelette, "The Return of Hawk Carse:, written by Bates alone. This story has never been collected or reprinted. Science fiction storiesHarry Bates wrote the following science fiction short stories:
Essays
Magazine Editor
AnthologiesThe short story "Farewell to the Master" appears in the following science fiction anthologies:
References1. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.firstfandom.org/ffhofaward.htm |authorlink = First Fandom |title = First Fandom Hall of Fame Award |accessdate = 2008-08-23 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120723162821/http://www.firstfandom.org/ffhofaward.htm |archivedate = 2012-07-23 |df = }} 2. ^{{cite book |last=del Rey |first=Lester |authorlink=Lester del Rey |title=The World of Science Fiction, 1926-1976: The History of a Subculture |date=1979 |publisher=Ballantine Books |location=New York |isbn=0-345-25452-X |quote=Harry Bates was no fan of the literature when he began editing Astounding.|ref=# |page=57 }} 3. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/backissues/70/moskowitz70art.htm| last=Moskowitz| first=Sam| authorlink=Sam Moskowitz| title=The First College-Level Course in Science Fiction| work=Science Fiction Studies #70 Volume 23 Part 3|date=November 1996| accessdate=2007-08-15}} 4. ^{{cite web |author=??, ?? |date = 2018-11-01 | title = Top 50 Best Science Fiction Movies of All Time | url = http://bestsciencefictionbooks.com/best-science-fiction-movies-of-all-time | publisher = BestScienceFictionBooks,com | accessdate = 2018-11-04}} 5. ^"Farewell to the Master" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716185710/http://thenostalgialeague.com/olmag/bates.html |date=2006-07-16 }}. Retrieved on 2009-08-03 6. ^"Farewell to the Master" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716185710/http://thenostalgialeague.com/olmag/bates.html |date=2006-07-16 }}. Retrieved on 2009-08-03 7. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Balrog1983.html#sffilm |authorlink = Locus Magazine |title = Locus Index to Science Fiction Awards - Balrog Award 1983 |accessdate = 2009-02-22 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515201831/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Balrog1983.html#sffilm |archivedate = 2008-05-15 |df = }} 8. ^"Recommended Reading," F&SF, October 1952, p.99 9. ^"The Reference Library", Astounding Science Fiction, May 1953, p.146 10. ^Everett F. Bleiler, Science-Fiction: The Gernsback Years, Kent State University Press, 1998, p.147 External links
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