“Harry Crookshank”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Harry Frederick Comfort Crookshank, 1st Viscount Crookshank, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CH|PC}} (27 May 1893 – 17 October 1961) was a British Conservative politician. He was Minister of Health between 1951 and 1952 and Leader of the House of Commons between 1951 and 1955.

Background and education

Crookshank was born in Cairo, Egypt, the son of Harry Maule Crookshank and Emma, daughter of Major Samuel Comfort, of New York City. On his father's side, he descended from Alexander Crookshank, of County Longford, Ireland, who represented Belfast in the Irish House of Commons and served as a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in Ireland. He was educated at Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford. In the First World War, he joined the Hampshire Regiment and served as a captain in the Grenadier Guards.^[1] On one occasion he was buried alive by an explosion for twenty minutes, and on another in 1916 he was castrated by shrapnel, requiring him to wear a surgical truss for the rest of his life.^[2] He was awarded by Serbia the Order of the White Eagle and Gold Medal for Valour.^[3]

He joined the Diplomatic Service in 1919 and worked at the British Embassy in Washington, D.C. until 1924.

Political career

Crookshank was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Gainsborough in 1924, a seat he held for the next 32 years.^[1]^[4] He entered the government as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department in 1934 under Ramsay MacDonald. When Stanley Baldwin became prime minister in 1935 Crookshank was appointed Secretary for Mines, a post he retained when Neville Chamberlain became prime minister in 1937 until February 1939. In the latter year, he was sworn of the Privy Council^[5] and made Financial Secretary to the Treasury. He continued in this post also when Winston Churchill came to power in 1940,^[6] and was then Postmaster General under Churchill between 1943 and 1945.^[1] In 1942 he was offered the post of British Minister Resident in the Mediterranean at Algiers following the liberation of Algeria by Operation Torch but he declined, Harold Macmillan being appointed instead.^[7]

When the Conservatives returned to office under Churchill in 1951, Crookshank was appointed Minister of Health and Leader of the House of Commons, with a seat in the cabinet. In 1952 exchanged his post at the Ministry of Health for the sinecure post of Lord Privy Seal, while he remained as Commons Leader. He continued in these two positions until December 1955, the last year under the premiership of Sir Anthony Eden.^[1] In the 1955 New Year Honours he was made a Companion of Honour.^[8]^[1]^[9] He retired from the House of Commons in 1956^[1]^[4] and was raised to the peerage as the Viscount Crookshank, of Gainsborough in the County of Lincoln, in January of that year.^[10] He had been offered but declined a peerage in February 1940 but considered it at the time an insult as his First World War wounds had left him incapable of fathering any heir to a title.^[11]

Papers released by The National Archives, London, November 2007, show that Crookshank, with Harold Macmillan, led a faction within the Cabinet of Sir Winston Churchill's government, who opposed what they perceived to be an attempt to bounce the Cabinet into a premature decision to authorise a British thermonuclear bomb programme in July 1954.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}

Personal life

Incapable as result of his First World War wounds of fathering children, Crookshank was a lifelong bachelor. He was also (not publicly) known as a homosexual and caused a near scandal when a male lover of his was adopted as Conservative candidate for the Grimsby constituency in 1958 but later withdrawn.^[11]^[13]

His home from 1937 was at 51 Pont Street, Kensington, London, where in 1947 he hosted a meeting of like-minded backbench MPs who unsuccessfully demanded Churchill's removal as Conservative Party leader.^[11]

He died of cancer^[11] at Chelsea, London, in October 1961, aged 68. The viscountcy died with him.^[1] Having been since 1960 High Steward of the City of Westminster, his funeral service took place at Westminster Abbey, followed by burial at Lincoln Cathedral.^[11]

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶Harry Frederick Comfort Crookshank, 1st and last Viscount Crookshank
2. ^Ball 2004, p. 41, 60
3. ^{{cite book|title=Dictionary of National Biography, 1961-1970|year=1971|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=249|isbn=0-19-865207-0}}Article by Viscount Chandos.
4. ^¹leighrayment.com House of Commons: Gainsborough to Goole
5. ^{{London Gazette |issue=34595 |date=3 February 1939 |page=751 }}
6. ^leighrayment.com Peerage: Cowper to Cutts of Gowran
7. ^{{cite book|last=Horne|first=Alistair|title=Macmillan Volume I: 1894-1956|year=1988|publisher=Macmillan|pages=151-160|isbn=978-0-333-27691-4}}
8. ^{{London Gazette |issue=40366 |date=1 January 1955 |page=28 |supp=y}}
9. ^leighrayment.com Companions of Honour {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926113647/http://www.leighrayment.com/misc/compofhonor.htm |date=26 September 2008 }}
10. ^{{London Gazette |issue=40684 |date=13 January 1956 |page=278 }}
11. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 14|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=403}}Article by S.J. Ball.
12. ^Walton Hannah, Christian by Degrees (London: Britons Publishing Company, 1954), 211.
13. ^The Conservative candidate for Grimsby at the 1959 and 1964 elections, Wilfred Pearson, was not the same man.

Books cited

External links