| 词条 | Hassan Modarres |
| 释义 |
| image = |order1 = Member of the Parliament |monarch1 = Reza Shah |term_start1 = 11 July 1926 |term_end1 = 13 August 1928 |majority1 = |constituency1= Tehran |monarch2 = Reza Shah Ahmad Shah Qajar |term_start2 = 11 February 1924 |term_end2 = 11 February 1926 |majority2 = Ranked 1st |constituency2= Tehran |monarch3 = Ahmad Shah Qajar |term_start3 = 22 June 1921 |term_end3 = 11 June 1923 |constituency3= Tehran |monarch4 = Ahmad Shah Qajar |term_start4 = 6 December 1914 |term_end4 = 13 November 1915 |constituency4= Tehran |birth_name = Seyyed Hassan Tabatabaei Ardestani |birth_date = {{circa}} 1870 |birth_place = Sarabeh, Ardestan, Persia |death_date = {{Death date and age|1937|12|1|1870|1|1}} |death_place = Kashmar, Khurasan, Persia |nationality = Iranian |occupation = Teacher |alma_mater = Najaf Seminary |party = {{plainlist|
}}Seyyed Hassan Modarres ({{lang-fa|سید حسن مدرس}} c. 1870{{snd}}Sarabeh, December 1, 1937, Kashmar), was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric and a notable supporter of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. He was among the founding members, along with Abdolhossein Teymourtash, of the reformist party Hezb-e Eslaah-talab, which was formed during the fourth national Majlis of Iran. He has been called "brave and incorruptible" and "perhaps the most fervent mullah supporter of true constitutional government."[1]{{Css Image Crop|Image = 100 Rials Iranian Bank Note.jpeg|bSize = 220|cWidth = 220|cHeight = 120|oTop = |oLeft = 0|Location = right|Description = On 100 rials banknote}} Biography{{unref|section|date=November 2018}}Birth placeThe sources disagree on his birthplace. Some mention that he was born in Ardestan in around 1870, while others mention that he was born in a village named Sarābe-Kachou ({{lang-fa|سرابهکچو}}) near Ardestan in the early 1870s, and that he moved to Shahreza when he was six. ActivitiesHaving studied Islamic sciences in Isfahan and Najaf, Modarres became a religious teacher in an Isfahan's madrasa. The name Modarres, which means "teacher", is because of his job there. In 1910, he was chosen by Najaf's cleric community and sent to Tehran to supervise the laws passed by the Majlis, to make sure they did not violate the rules of sharia. Later, in 1914, he was elected as a Majlis representative of Tehran. In 1916, during World War I, he migrated to Iraq, Syria, and Turkey together with a handful of other politicians, and served as the Minister of Justice in a cabinet formed in exile by Nezam os-Saltaneh. After returning to Iran, he was elected in the Majlis elections a few more times. Modarres fought against the presence of British forces in Persia, vigorously opposing the proposed 1919 agreement that would have transformed Iran into a British protectorate. In the early 1920s he also played a role in preventing Reza Khan (the prime minister at the time) from abolishing the monarchy (the Qajar dynasty) and declaring a republic, and less successfully opposed Reza Khan's deposing of the Qajar dynasty in 1925. Sayyed Modaress was openly critical of Reza Shah's rule and was placed under imprisonment in retaliation for his criticisms. A few years after a November 1926 assassination attempt against him, Modarres was expelled to Khaf and later to Kashmar. Ruhollah Khomeini, who later became the Supreme Leader of Iran after the Iranian Revolution, was among Modarres's students. DeathHe was killed in prison in December 1937. His death is regarded as martyrdom and the martyrdom day (10th of Azar) is known in Iran as Majlis day (day of the parliament). According to Tasnim he was poisoned in prison and then suffocated while praying.[2] ReceptionModarres is depicted on the obverse of the Iranian 100 rials banknote.[3] and on a 1987 Iranian stamp. See also
Reference1. ^Mottahedeh, Roy, The Mantle of the Prophet : Religion and Politics in Iran, One World, Oxford, 1985, 2000, p.224 2. ^{{cite web |title=شهادت آیتاللَّه «مدرس» به دستور «رضاخان» و روز مجلس شورای اسلامی/روز جهانی مبارزه با بیماری ایدز |url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1392/09/10/207453/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%91%D9%8E%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B2 |website=Tasnimnews |accessdate=1 December 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbi.ir/simplelist/1976.aspx|title=Banknotes & Coins - 100 Rials|website=cbi.or|accessdate=24 March 2009}} Sources
External links{{commons category|Hassan Modarres}}
10 : Iranian clerics|People of the Persian Constitutional Revolution|Iranian democracy activists|1870 births|1937 deaths|Moderate Socialists Party politicians|Reformers' Party politicians|Members of the 2nd Iranian Majlis|Members of the 3rd Iranian Majlis|Deputies of Tehran for National Consultative Assembly |
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