| 词条 | Helwan |
| 释义 |
| name = Helwan | native_name = {{lang|ar|حلوان}} {{lang|cop|ϩⲁⲗⲟⲩⲁⲛ}} | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = File:HelwanFaruqPalace.jpg | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = Farouk's palace | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | motto = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Egypt | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Egypt | coordinates = {{coord|29|51|N|31|20|E|region:EG|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Egypt}} | subdivision_type1 = Governorate | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name1 = Cairo | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 65 | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_total = 643,327 | population_as_of = 2006 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities | population_blank1 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = | | timezone = EST | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = }}Helwan ({{lang-ar|حلوان}} {{transl|arz|Ḥelwān}}, {{IPA-arz|ħelˈwæːn|IPA}}, {{lang-cop|ϩⲁⲗⲟⲩⲁⲛ|Halouan}}[2]) is a city in Egypt and part of Greater Cairo, on the bank of the Nile, opposite the ruins of Memphis. Originally a southern suburb of Cairo, it served as the capital of the now defunct Helwan Governorate from April 2008 to April 2011, after which it was re-incorporated into the Cairo Governorate. The kism of Helwan had a population of 643,327 in the 2006 census.[3] HistoryThe Helwan and Isnian cultures of the late epipaleolithic, and their Ouchata retouch methods for creating microlithic tools may have contributed to the development of the Harifian cultural assemblage of the Sinai, which may have introduced Proto-Semitic languages into the Middle East. Around 3000 to 2600 BC, there was a cemetery near Helwan serving the city of Memphis. The Khedivial Astronomical Observatory was built here 1903-1904, and was used to observe Halley's comet. Egypt's oldest and largest private psychiatric clinic, the Behman Hospital, was constructed here in 1939. During the early part of the 20th century, the city was the site of RAF Helwan, a major British airfield, which was later used by the Egyptian Air Force. In 1959 Helwan was chosen to serve as a site of a major industrial city, as part of President Gamal Abdel Nasser's attempts to industrialize Egypt. Throughout the 1960s, it developed into a massive steelworks zone, with numerous automobile factories being built. The site continues to use electricity from the Aswan Dam and iron ore from Egypt's western deserts. Helwan was gradually transformed into a mass suburb of Cairo for the working class.[4] In April 2008, the Helwan Governorate was split from the Cairo Governorate. It encompassed most of the suburbs, new compounds and villages located in the southern part of Cairo. The city of Helwan became the capital of the new governorate. Following the dissolution of the Helwan Governorate in April 2011, the city of Helwan was reincorporated into the Cairo Governorate. Ecclesiastical historyAlphocranon was important enough in the Late Roman province of Arcadia Aegypti to be a suffragan of its Metropolitan Archbishop of Oxyrhynchus. Its bishop, Harpocration, participated in the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The bishopric is mentioned in two Notitiae Episcopatuum.[5][6] Titular seeNo longer a residential diocese, Alphocranon is today listed by the Catholic Church as a Latin Catholic titular bishopric,[7] nominally restoring the diocese since 1933, but no incumbent is recorded. Administrative divisionsThe now defunct Helwan Governorate encompassed the following cities or districts: Maadi, Helwan, 15th of May, El Shorouk, New Cairo, Madinaty. The city of Helwan itself includes districts such as Wadi Hof, Hadayek Helwan, and Maasara. EconomyLocal industry includes iron, steel, textiles and cement. The area has hot sulphur springs, an astronomical observatory, the Helwan University and a burial chamber (discovered in 1946). It is the terminus of Cairo's light rail Metro Line 1. Also trams in Helwan serve the people. ClimateKöppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh). Owing to its proximity to Cairo, its average monthly temperatures are quite similar, but it has a quite different distribution of humidity and its diurnal average temperature variation is slightly larger. {{Weather box|location = Helwan |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan record high C = 30.4 |Feb record high C = 33.2 |Mar record high C = 37.2 |Apr record high C = 42.4 |May record high C = 46.6 |Jun record high C = 46.7 |Jul record high C = 44.1 |Aug record high C = 43.8 |Sep record high C = 44.0 |Oct record high C = 40.2 |Nov record high C = 35.9 |Dec record high C = 29.8 |year record high C = 46.7 |Jan high C = 18.5 |Feb high C = 20.4 |Mar high C = 23.4 |Apr high C = 28.5 |May high C = 32.2 |Jun high C = 34.3 |Jul high C = 35.0 |Aug high C = 34.6 |Sep high C = 32.6 |Oct high C = 29.3 |Nov high C = 24.5 |Dec high C = 19.5 |year high C = 27.7 |Jan mean C = 13.0 |Feb mean C = 14.5 |Mar mean C = 16.9 |Apr mean C = 21.4 |May mean C = 24.7 |Jun mean C = 27.3 |Jul mean C = 27.7 |Aug mean C = 27.6 |Sep mean C = 25.8 |Oct mean C = 23.3 |Nov mean C = 18.8 |Dec mean C = 14.4 |year mean C = 21.3 |Jan low C = 7.9 |Feb low C = 8.9 |Mar low C = 10.9 |Apr low C = 14.3 |May low C = 17.3 |Jun low C = 20.0 |Jul low C = 20.9 |Aug low C = 21.1 |Sep low C = 19.8 |Oct low C = 17.6 |Nov low C = 13.7 |Dec low C = 9.8 |year low C = 15.2 |Jan record low C = -3.4 |Feb record low C = 2.2 |Mar record low C = 1.2 |Apr record low C = 6.6 |May record low C = 10.6 |Jun record low C = 14.8 |Jul record low C = 15.0 |Aug record low C = 11.2 |Sep record low C = 14.4 |Oct record low C = 10.8 |Nov record low C = 3.7 |Dec record low C = 2.8 |year record low C = -3.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 5 |Feb precipitation mm = 3 |Mar precipitation mm = 2 |Apr precipitation mm = 1 |May precipitation mm = 0 |Jun precipitation mm = 0 |Jul precipitation mm = 0 |Aug precipitation mm = 0 |Sep precipitation mm = 0 |Oct precipitation mm = 0 |Nov precipitation mm = 2 |Dec precipitation mm = 5 |year precipitation mm = 18 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1.0 |Feb precipitation days = 0.3 |Mar precipitation days = 0.3 |Apr precipitation days = 0.2 |May precipitation days = 0.0 |Jun precipitation days = 0.0 |Jul precipitation days = 0.0 |Aug precipitation days = 0.0 |Sep precipitation days = 0.0 |Oct precipitation days = 0.0 |Nov precipitation days = 0.2 |Dec precipitation days = 0.5 |year precipitation days = 2.5 |Jan humidity = 62 |Feb humidity = 57 |Mar humidity = 54 |Apr humidity = 43 |May humidity = 41 |Jun humidity = 45 |Jul humidity = 52 |Aug humidity = 56 |Sep humidity = 56 |Oct humidity = 55 |Nov humidity = 58 |Dec humidity = 61 |year humidity = 53 |Jan sun = 220.8 |Feb sun = 211.7 |Mar sun = 266.3 |Apr sun = 275.8 |May sun = 314.6 |Jun sun = 357.5 |Jul sun = 350.2 |Aug sun = 337.8 |Sep sun = 282.7 |Oct sun = 289.6 |Nov sun = 244.1 |Dec sun = 197.1 |year sun = 3348.2 |source 1 = NOAA[8] }} Notability{{prose|date=July 2017}}
See also
References1. ^ 2. ^{{Cite book|title=La géographie de l’Egypte à l'époque copte.|last=Emile|first=Amélineau|publisher=Imprimerie nationale|year=1893|isbn=|location=Paris|pages=584}} 3. ^Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics, Population and Housing Census 2006, Population distribution by sex, gov: Cairo {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211234552/http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/pls/indcs/cns_st_001_m?lang=0&lname=FDL&gv=01&d=3 |date=2008-12-11 }} Retrieved on 2008-04-01. 4. ^Beattie, Andrew. (2005) [https://books.google.com/books?id=kDQ_u4_KdIEC&dq=Nasser+Helwan+automobile&source=gbs_navlinks_s Cairo: A Cultural and Literary History]. Signal Books. p. 196. {{ISBN|9781902669779}} 5. ^Siméon Vailhé, v. Alphocranon, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. XII, Paris 1953, col. 677 6. ^Klaas A. Worp, [https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/8214/5_039_223.pdf?sequence=1 A Checklist of Bishops in Byzantine Egypt (A.D. 325 - c. 750)], in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 100 (1994) 283-318 7. ^Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 829 8. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/UB/62378.TXT| title = Helwan Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = June 25, 2015}} External links{{Commons category|Helwan}}
2 : Memphis, Egypt|Populated places in Cairo Governorate |
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