“1745”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Events

January–June

May 11 – War of the Austrian Succession – Battle of Fontenoy: French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army, including the Black Watch.^[1]
June 4 – Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick the Great destroys the Austrian army.
June 16 – King George's War: The British capture Cape Breton Island in North America from the French.^[1]

July–December

July 9 – War of the Austrian Succession – Battle of Melle: The French are victorious in an engagement against the Pragmatic Allies.
July 26 – The first recorded women's cricket match takes place in Surrey, England.^[2]
August 19 – The Jacobite rising of 1745 begins at Glenfinnan, Scotland, where Charles Edward Stuart raises his standard.
September 1 – Catherine the Great marries Peter III of Russia, in Saint Petersburg.
September 11 – Jacobite rising of 1745: Jacobites enter Edinburgh; six days later, Charles Edward Stuart proclaims his father James Francis Edward Stuart, as James VIII of Scotland.^[1]
September 12 – Francis I is elected Holy Roman Emperor with the support of his wife, Maria Theresa. He is the successor of Charles VII Albert of Bavaria, an enemy of the House of Habsburg, who died on January 20 of this year.
September 14 – Madame de Pompadour is officially presented, at the court of Louis XV of France.
September 16 – Jacobite rising of 1745 – "Canter of Coltbrigg": The British 13th and 14th Dragoons flee the Jacobites, near Edinburgh.
September 21 – Battle of Prestonpans: British Government forces are defeated by the Jacobites in Scotland.
December 4 – Jacobite rising of 1745: The Scottish Jacobite army reaches as far south as Derby in England, causing panic in London; two days later it begins to retreat.^[1]
December 18 – Jacobite rising of 1745 – Clifton Moor Skirmish: The Jacobites are victorious,^[1] in the last action between two military forces on English soil.^[3]
December 23 – Jacobite rising of 1745 – Battle of Inverurie: The Jacobites are victorious over British royal troops.
December 25 – The Treaty of Dresden gives Prussia full possession of Silesia.
December 28 – For 5 days, fire destroys buildings in Istanbul.

Births

c. January – Isaac Titsingh, Dutch scholar, merchant-trader and ambassador (d. 1812)

January 1 – Anthony Wayne, United States Army officer, statesman and member of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1796)

January 6 – Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, French inventor (d. 1799)

January 9 – Caleb Strong, American politician (d. 1819)

February 2 – Hannah More, English religious writer, Romantic and philanthropist (d. 1833)

February 18 – Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist (d. 1827)

February 20 – Henry James Pye, English poet (d. 1813)

February 21 – Olof Tempelman, Swedish architect (d. 1816)

March 4

Charles Dibdin, English composer (d. 1814)
Kazimierz Pułaski, American Revolutionary War general (d. 1779)

March 10 – John Gunby, Maryland soldier in the American Revolutionary War (d. 1807)

March 25 – John Barry, officer in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War and later in the United States Navy (d. 1803)

April 20 – Philippe Pinel, French physician (d. 1826)

April 29 – Oliver Ellsworth, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1807)

July 8 – Sara Banzet, French educator and diarist (d. 1774)

July 13 – Robert Calder, British naval officer (d. 1818)

August 20 – Francis Asbury, American Methodist Bishop (d. 1816)

August 30 – Johann Hieronymus Schröter, German astronomer (d. 1816)

September 16 – Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (d. 1813)

November 13 – Valentin Haüy, French educator, founder of the first school for the blind (d. 1822)

November 23 – John Treadwell, the fourth Governor of Connecticut (d. 1823)

December 2 – Queen Jeongsun, Korean regent (d. 1805)

December 12 – John Jay, American politician and 1st Chief Justice of the United States (died 1829)

December 15 – Johann Gottfried Koehler, German astronomer (d. 1801)

December 24 – William Paterson, American politician and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1806)

date unknown

Micaela Bastidas Puyucahua, Peruvian indigenous rebel leader (d. 1781)
Gim Hongdo (Danwon), Korean painter (d. 1806)
Robert H. Harrison, American jurist and lieutenant colonel of the Continental Army (d. 1790)
Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa), slave, abolitionist, author (d. 1797)

Deaths

January 16 – Josiah Franklin, English-born American businessman, father of Benjamin Franklin (b. 1657)

January 20 – Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1697)

February 23 – Joseph Effner, German architect (b. 1687)

February 26 – Henry Scudamore, 3rd Duke of Beaufort (b. 1707)

March 27 – Tommaso Crudeli, Florentine free thinker imprisoned by the Roman Inquisition (b. 1702)

March 18 – Robert Walpole, first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1676)

May 9 – Tomaso Antonio Vitali, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1663)

May 22 – François-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie, French military leader (b. 1671)

September 30 – Sir John Baird, 2nd Baronet, British politician (b. 1686)

October 19 – Jonathan Swift, Anglo-Irish writer (b. 1667)

October 22 – Isaac Greenwood, American mathematician (b. 1702)

November 16 – James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, Irish statesman and soldier (b. 1665)

December 8 – Étienne Fourmont, French orientalist (b. 1683)

December 19 – Jean-Baptiste van Loo, French painter (b. 1684)

December 23 – Jan Dismas Zelenka, Bohemian composer (b. 1679)

date unknown – Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie, Swedish salonniére (b. 1695)

References

1. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=310–311}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|author2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=217–218|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}
3. ^Unless the Battle of Graveney Marsh (1940) is counted.

1 : 1745