“Hereford, Texas”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Hereford's local water supply contains an unusually high level of naturally occurring fluoride. Because fluoride is used to protect against tooth decay, Hereford earned the title "The Town Without a Toothache".

It is also known as the "Beef Capital of the World" because of the large number of cattle fed in the area. The city is named for the Hereford breed. The local economy is affected significantly by growth in the dairy and ethanol industries.

The area is known for its semiarid climate, with heavy farming and ranching throughout the area sustained by irrigation from the Ogallala Aquifer and the saltier Santa Rosa Aquifer beneath it.

Hereford is home to the headquarters of the Deaf Smith Electric Cooperative, which serves Deaf Smith, Castro, Parmer, and Oldham Counties.^[6]

A rich Western heritage includes the Las Escarbadas ranch house of the XIT Ranch once located southwest of Hereford. The restored historic structure can now be seen at the National Ranching Heritage Center at Texas Tech University in Lubbock. The Deaf Smith County Historical Museum at 400 Sampson Street in Hereford offers indoor and outdoor exhibits on the settlement of West Texas.

In December 2015, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer voted Hereford not only the "most conservative" city in Texas, but also in the United States, in terms of political contributions. Other West Texas communities in the most conservative lineup are Childress (number 9), Dalhart (number 8), and Monahans (number five). Princeton in Collin County north of Dallas was ranked number two. In contrast, Vashon Island, Washington, was named the "most liberal" city in the nation regarding political donations.^[7]

History

Hereford was founded as "Blue Water" in 1899 after the Pecos and Northern Texas Railway connected Amarillo to Farwell. After a town already named Blue Water was discovered, residents renamed the town "Hereford" in honor of the cattle of the local ranchers.^[8]

During World War II, a prisoner-of-war camp existed there for Italian prisoners of war. It was dismantled in 1947.

Geography

Hereford is located in southeastern Deaf Smith County at {{Coord|34|49|19|N|102|23|55|W|type:city}} (34.821961, -102.398617)^[9] and is located on the Llano Estacado. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|15.4|km2|order=flip}}, all land.^[4]

U.S. Highway 60 passes through the city as 1st Street, leading northeast {{convert|48|mi}} to Amarillo and southwest {{convert|57|mi}} to Clovis, New Mexico. U.S. Highway 385 (25 Mile Avenue) runs north-south through the city, leading north {{convert|30|mi}} to Interstate 40 at Vega and south {{convert|20|mi}} to Dimmitt.

Climate

Hereford's climate is classified as a steppe climate (BSk) using the 2006 map of Köppen climate classification, meaning it is semiarid.^[10] Hereford was named as the “coolest” city in Texas with an average summer temperature of {{convert|73|F|C|1|disp=or}}.^[11]

{{Weather box
|location = Hereford, Texas
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 84
|Feb record high F = 83
|Mar record high F = 98
|Apr record high F = 98
|May record high F = 103
|Jun record high F = 111
|Jul record high F = 107
|Aug record high F = 105
|Sep record high F = 102
|Oct record high F = 97
|Nov record high F = 87
|Dec record high F = 80
|year record high F= 111
|Jan high F = 49.8
|Feb high F = 55.1
|Mar high F = 63.6
|Apr high F = 72.0
|May high F = 80.2
|Jun high F = 88.9
|Jul high F = 91.6
|Aug high F = 89.3
|Sep high F = 82.6
|Oct high F = 72.9
|Nov high F = 59.7
|Dec high F = 50.6
|year high F= 71.4
|Jan low F = 21.1
|Feb low F = 24.6
|Mar low F = 30.9
|Apr low F = 39.4
|May low F = 49.7
|Jun low F = 59.1
|Jul low F = 63.5
|Aug low F = 61.2
|Sep low F = 54.3
|Oct low F = 42.5
|Nov low F = 30.1
|Dec low F = 22.6
|year low F= 41.7
|Jan record low F = −15
|Feb record low F = −17
|Mar record low F = 1
|Apr record low F = 14
|May record low F = 16
|Jun record low F = 40
|Jul record low F = 51
|Aug record low F = 40
|Sep record low F = 31
|Oct record low F = 15
|Nov record low F = 0
|Dec record low F = −12
|year record low F= −17
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.50
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.50
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.98
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.02
|May precipitation inch = 2.12
|Jun precipitation inch = 2.90
|Jul precipitation inch = 2.06
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.22
|Sep precipitation inch = 2.25
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.59
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.77
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.74
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan snow inch = 4.8
|Feb snow inch = 3.0
|Mar snow inch = 1.5
|Apr snow inch = 0.8
|May snow inch = 0
|Jun snow inch = 0
|Jul snow inch = 0
|Aug snow inch = 0
|Sep snow inch = 0
|Oct snow inch = 0.3
|Nov snow inch = 1.7
|Dec snow inch = 4.8
|year snow inch= 16.9
|Jan precipitation days = 3.0
|Feb precipitation days = 3.4
|Mar precipitation days = 4.2
|Apr precipitation days = 4.7
|May precipitation days = 6.8
|Jun precipitation days = 7.4
|Jul precipitation days = 6.4
|Aug precipitation days = 7.7
|Sep precipitation days = 6.0
|Oct precipitation days = 4.7
|Nov precipitation days = 3.5
|Dec precipitation days = 3.8
|year precipitation days= 61.6
|Jan snow days = 1.9
|Feb snow days = 1.6
|Mar snow days = 0.8
|Apr snow days = 0.4
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 0.8
|Dec snow days = 2.0
|year snow days= 7.6
|source 1 = The Weather Channel ^[12]
|source 2 = NOAA ^[13]
|date=August 2010
}}

Demographics

As of the 2010 United States Census, 15,370 people resided in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 71.7% Hispanic or Latino, 26.3% White, 0.9% Black, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from some other race, and 0.5% from two or more races.

As of the census^[1] of 2000, 14,597 people, 4,839 households, and 3,730 families resided in the city. The population density was 2,600.8 people per square mile (1,004.6/km²). The 5,323 housing units averaged 948.4 per square mile (366.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.86% White, 1.76% African American, 0.82% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 24.77% from other races, and 2.41% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 61.37% of the population.

Of the 4,839 households, 42.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were not families. About 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.44.

In the city, the population was distributed as 34.0% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,599, and for a family was $33,387. Males had a median income of $26,488 versus $18,920 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,787. About 19.4% of families and 20.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 15.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education

The first public school was opened in 1900.^[16] Today, Hereford's seven public schools serve around 4,000 students and are directed by the Hereford Independent School District.^[17]

Notable people

Gallery

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on geographic names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}}
3. ^http://www.texastripper.com/pronounce/locations-h-i.html
4. ^¹{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4833320| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Hereford city, Texas| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| accessdate=January 7, 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }}
6. ^Spotlight on CRC Member: Deaf Smith Electric Cooperative.{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Cooperative Response Center.
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ctpost.com/national/article/The-most-liberal-and-most-conservative-cities-in-6702954.php|title=The most liberal and most conservative cities in the US|author=Daniel DeMay|publisher=The Connecticut Post|location=Bridgeport, Connecticut|date=December 17, 2015|accessdate=December 20, 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web | title=Hereford, TX | url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/heh02}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
10. ^{{cite journal | author=M. Kottek |author2=J. Grieser |author3=C. Beck |author4=B. Rudolf |author5=F. Rubel | title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated | journal=Meteorol. Z. | volume=15 | pages=259–263 | url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pics/kottek_et_al_2006.gif| format = GIF| doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130 | accessdate= August 26, 2009 | year=2006 }}
11. ^http://www.movoto.com/tx/best-places-in-texas/
12. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/USTX0597 | title=Monthly Averages for Hereford, TX | publisher=The Weather Channel | accessdate=June 29, 2010}}
13. ^{{cite web |url = http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/tx/414098.pdf |title = NCDC: Climatography of the United States, No. 20, 1971–2000: Hereford, Texas |accessdate = June 29, 2010 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718024312/http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/tx/414098.pdf |archive-date = 2014-07-18 |dead-url = yes |df = }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=}}
16. ^[https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/ The Handbook of Texas Online], retrieved 2009-12-30
17. ^Hereford ISD, retrieved 2009-12-30