请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 HMCS Toronto (K538)
释义

  1. Background

  2. Service history

     Royal Norwegian Navy 

  3. See also

  4. References

     Citations  Sources 

  5. External links

{{other ships|HMCS Toronto|HMCS Giffard}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Toronto k538.jpgShip caption=HMCS Toronto
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=CanadaCanada|naval-1911}}Ship name= TorontoShip namesake=Toronto, OntarioShip ordered= 1 February 1943Ship awarded=Ship builder=Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., LauzonShip original cost=Ship yard number=550Ship way number=Ship laid down=10 May 1943Ship launched=18 September 1943Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=6 May 1944Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=27 November 1945Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship identification= pennant number: K538
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=yesShip recommissioned= 26 November 1953Ship decommissioned=14 April 1956Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Prestonian|frigate|1}}Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship identification= pennant number: FFE 319Ship motto="Be worthy"Ship nickname=Ship honours=Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1944[1]Ship honors=Ship captured=Ship fate=Transferred to Norway in 1956 as GarmShip status=Ship notes=Ship badge=Azure, a mural crown argent, masoned sable, surmounted by a beaver proper holding in the dexter paw a fid spike or[2]
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=titleShip country=NorwayNorway|naval}}Ship name= GarmShip namesake= the Ragnarök hound GarmrShip acquired= loaned 10 March 1956; purchased 1959Ship commissioned=1956Ship decommissioned=1977Ship recommissioned=Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed= Valkyrien (1965)Ship reclassified= torpedo boat depot ship (1965)Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship identification= (as Garm) F315Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship honors=Ship captured=Ship fate= sold 1977Ship status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=River|frigate}}1445|LT|t ST|lk=in}}
  • {{convert|2110|LT|t ST|abbr=on}} (deep load)
283|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} p/p
  • {{convert|301.25|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} o/a
36.5|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}Ship height=9|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}; {{convert|13|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} (deep load)Ship power=5500|ihp|abbr=on}}20|kn|km/h|1}}
  • {{convert|20.5|kn|km/h|1}} (turbine ships)
646|LT|t ST|abbr=on}} oil fuel;Ship endurance=Ship complement=157Ship sensors=Ship EW=4|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}/45 Mk. XVI on twin mount HA/LA Mk.XIX
  • 1 × QF 12 pdr ({{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}) 12 cwt /40 Mk. V on mounting HA/LA Mk.IX (not all ships)
  • 8 × 20 mm QF Oerlikon A/A on twin mounts Mk.V
  • 1 × Hedgehog 24 spigot A/S projector
  • up to 150 depth charges
Ship armour=Ship armor=Ship aircraft=Ship aircraft facilities=Ship notes=
}}

HMCS Toronto was a {{sclass2-|River|frigate}} that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War and as a {{sclass-|Prestonian|frigate|1}} from 1953-1956. She was named for Toronto, Ontario. She was later acquired by the Royal Norwegian Navy and renamed Garm and then again in 1965 as HNoMS Valkyrien .

Toronto was ordered 1 February 1943 as Giffard (after Giffard, Quebec) as part of the 1943-1944 River-class building program.[3][4] She was laid down on 10 May 1943 by Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd. at Lauzon and launched 18 September 1943.[4] Her name was changed to Toronto and she was commissioned into the RCN on 6 May 1944 with the pennant K538.[5]

Background

{{main|River-class frigate}}

The River-class frigate was designed by William Reed of Smith's Dock Company of South Bank-on-Tees. Originally called a "twin-screw corvette", its purpose was to improve on the convoy escort classes in service with the Royal Navy at the time, including the Flower-class corvette. The first orders were placed by the Royal Navy in 1940 and the vessels were named for rivers in the United Kingdom, giving name to the class. In Canada they were named for towns and cities though they kept the same designation.[6] The name "frigate" was suggested by Vice-Admiral Percy Nelles of the Royal Canadian Navy and was adopted later that year.[7]

Improvements over the corvette design included improved accommodation which was markedly better. The twin engines gave only three more knots of speed but extended the range of the ship to nearly double that of a corvette at {{convert|7200|nmi|km}} at 12 knots.[7] Among other lessons applied to the design was an armament package better designed to combat U-boats including a twin 4-inch mount forward and 12-pounder aft.[6] 15 Canadian frigates were initially fitted with a single 4-inch gun forward but with the exception of {{HMCS|Valleyfield|K329|6}}, they were all eventually upgraded to the double mount.[7] For underwater targets, the River-class frigate was equipped with a Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar and depth charge rails aft and four side-mounted throwers.[6]

River-class frigates were the first Royal Canadian Navy warships to carry the 147B Sword horizontal fan echo sonar transmitter in addition to the irregular ASDIC. This allowed the ship to maintain contact with targets even while firing unless a target was struck. Improved radar and direction-finding equipment improved the RCN's ability to find and track enemy submarines over the previous classes.[6]

Canada originally ordered the construction of 33 frigates in October 1941.[6][7] The design was too big for the shipyards on the Great Lakes so all the frigates built in Canada were built in dockyards along the west coast or along the St. Lawrence River.[7] In all Canada ordered the construction of 60 frigates including ten for the Royal Navy that transferred two to the United States Navy.[6]

Service history

Following extensive work-up exercises in the vicinity of Bermuda, Toronto was assigned to escort group EG 16 which operated out of {{HMCS|Protector}} at Sydney, Nova Scotia.[3] It was during this time Toronto saw service in the Battle of the St. Lawrence for which the ship was awarded the Battle Honour "Gulf of St. Lawrence - 1944." On 14 October 1944, Toronto was escorting ONS 33G when {{HMCS|Magog|K673|6}}, a fellow escort, was torpedoed by {{GS|U-1223||2}}. Magog suffered significant damage from the attack but managed to stay afloat and Toronto took her in tow. However while towing Magog, the other GNAT, an acoustic German torpedo, detonated in Toronto{{'}}s wake. Toronto handed off the towing duties to {{HMCS|Shawinigan|K136|6}} after she recorded a contact and departed to chase it down unsuccessfully.[8]

Following that she served with Halifax Force as a local escort until May 1945. In May she was assigned to {{HMCS|Cornwallis}} as a training ship.[3] On 27 November 1945, Toronto was paid off and placed in reserve at Shelburne, Nova Scotia.[3][4]

As part of the planned reactivation of 21 frigates to combat the Soviet submarine threat, Toronto underwent conversion to a {{sclass-Prestonian|frigate|1}} in 1952. This meant a flush-decked appearance aft, with a larger bridge and taller funnel. Her hull forward was strengthened against ice and the quarterdeck was enclosed to contain two Squid anti-submarine mortars.[9] Toronto was recommissioned with pennant number 319 on 26 November 1953 at Lauzon.[4][10]

The frigate was made a part of the First Canadian Escort Squadron in December 1953.[11] In April 1954, Toronto deployed to Bermuda for anti-submarine training with the British submarine {{HMS|Tally-Ho|P317|2}} and the American submarine {{USS|Cobbler|SS-344|2}} before joining the First Canadian Escort Squadron on their training cruise through the Caribbean Sea, making several port visits.[12] In September, the First Canadian Escort Squadron took part in the NATO naval exercise "New Broom II" and in October, the exercise "Morning Mist" before performing a two-month training cruise in the Mediterranean Sea, making several port visits.[13][14] The squadron returned to Canada on 10 December 1954.[14]

Royal Norwegian Navy

It was announced in November 1955 that three Prestonian-class frigates would be loaned to Norway; Toronto, {{HMCS|Prestonian|K662|2}} and {{HMCS|Penetang|K676|2}}.[15] Toronto was paid off by the RCN on 14 April 1956 and transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy as HMNoS Garm. Garm was purchased outright in 1959 and was employed primarily for fisheries protection duties.[9] She was renamed in 1965 to Valkyrien and re-designated a torpedo boat depot ship.[3] She served in this capacity until she was sold and scrapped by the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1977.[3]

See also

  • List of ships of the Canadian Navy

References

Citations

1. ^{{cite web|title= Battle Honours 2| url=http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/battlegulf/canwarship|work=Veterans Affairs Canada|accessdate=18 September 2013}}
2. ^Arbuckle, p. 122
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |last=Macpherson |first=Ken |last2=Burgess |first2=John |year=1981 |title=The ships of Canada's naval forces 1910-1981 : a complete pictorial history of Canadian warships |publisher=Collins |location=Toronto|pages= |isbn=0-00216-856-1}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/177.html|work=uboat.net |title=HMCS Toronto (K 538) |accessdate=23 March 2014}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=Lenton |first=H.T. |last2=Colledge |first2=J.J. |title=British and Dominion Warships of World War II |publisher=Doubleday and Company Inc. |year=1968 |place=New York |page=229}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=https://www.friends-amis.org/index.php/en/document-repository/english/fact-sheets/44-canadian-river-class-frigate-1/file |title=Fact Sheet No. 21 - Canadian River Class Frigates |accessdate=3 April 2014}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|title=Frigates of the Royal Canadian Navy 1943-1974 |last=Macpherson |first=Ken |publisher=Vanwell Publishing |year=1989 |place=Lewiston, New York |pages=6–7, 15 |isbn=0920277225}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3359.html|last=Helgason|first=Guðmundur|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net|title=Ships hit by U-boats - HMCS Magog (K673)|accessdate=23 March 2014}}
9. ^1 {{cite book|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1958-59 |editor=Raymond V.B. Blackman |publisher= McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. |place=New York |year=1958 |isbn= |page=77}}
10. ^{{cite magazine |title=Two Warships Join Fleet |magazine=The Crowsnest |publisher=Queen's Printer |date=November 1953 |volume=6 |number=1 |pages=10}}
11. ^{{cite magazine |title=Escort Squadron Formed at Halifax |magazine=The Crowsnest |publisher=Queen's Printer |number=1 |volume=6 |pages=2–3}}
12. ^{{cite magazine |title=West Indies Goal of Training Trips |publisher=Queen's Printer |magazine=The Crowsnest |date=May 1954 |volume=6 |number=7 |pages=2–3}}
13. ^{{cite magazine |title=Escort Squadron Touring "Med" |magazine=The Crowsnest |publisher=Queen's Printer |number=1 |volume=7 |pages=3}}
14. ^1 {{cite magazine |title=Squadron Back From "Med" Cruise |magazine=The Crowsnest |publisher=Queen's Printer |number=3 |volume=7 |date=January 1955 |pages=2–3}}
15. ^{{cite magazine|title=Three Frigates Lent to Norway |magazine=The Crowsnest |publisher=Queen's Printer |location=Ottawa |date=January 1956 |volume=8 |number=3 |pages=2}}

Sources

  • {{cite book |last=Arbuckle |first=J. Graeme |date=1987 |title=Badges of the Canadian Navy |publisher=Nimbus Publishing |location=Halifax, Nova Scotia |isbn=0-920852-49-1}}

External links

{{Commons category|HMCS Toronto (K538)}}{{River class frigate}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Toronto, HMCS}}

4 : Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy|River-class frigates of the Royal Canadian Navy|1943 ships|Ships built in Quebec
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/17 12:18:10