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词条 HMS Amazon (F169)
释义

  1. Design

  2. Construction

  3. Royal Navy Service

  4. Pakistan Navy Service

  5. Commanding officers

  6. Gallery

  7. References

  8. Publications

{{other ships|HMS Amazon}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}{{more citations needed|date=August 2011}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=US Navy 041121-N-7469S-001 The Pakistan Navy destroyer PNS Babur (D 182) operates in the Persian Gulf as part of the Coalition Maritime Campaign Plan conducted under Commander Task Force One Five Zero (CTF-150).jpgShip size=300pxShip caption=PNS Babur (D182), former HMS Amazon, 2004
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=United KingdomUK|naval}}Ship name=HMS AmazonShip namesake=Ship operator=Royal NavyShip ordered=Ship awarded=Ship builder=Vosper ThornycroftShip original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down=6 November 1969Ship launched=26 April 1971Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=11 May 1974Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=30 September 1993Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship registry=Ship motto=*Audaciter
  • ("Boldly")
Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship captured=Ship identification=Pennant number: F169Ship fate=Sold to Pakistan on 30 September 1993Ship status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=titleShip country=PakistanPakistan|naval}}Ship name=PNS BaburShip namesake=Ship operator=Pakistan NavyShip acquired=Ship commissioned=30 September 1993Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=31 December 2014Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship registry=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship captured=Ship fate=Ship status=DecommissionedShip notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Type 21 frigateShip displacement=3,250 tons full load384|ft|m|abbr=on}}41|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}Ship height=19|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}Ship depth=Ship decks=Ship propulsion=*COGOG:
  • 2 × Rolls-Royce Olympus gas turbines
  • 2 × Rolls-Royce Tyne RM1A gas turbines for cruising
32|kn}}Ship range=*4,000 nautical miles at 17 knots (7,400 km at 31 km/h)
  • 1,200 nautical miles at 30 knots (2,220 km at 56 km/h)
Ship endurance=Ship boats=Ship capacity=Ship complement=177Ship crew=Ship time to activate=Ship troops=Ship sensors=Ship EW=Ship armament=*RN:
  • 1 × 4.5 inch (114 mm) Mark 8 naval gun
  • 2 × Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
  • 4 × MM38 Exocet missiles
  • 1 × quadruple Sea Cat SAMs
  • 2 × triple ASW torpedo tubes
  • 2 × Corvus chaff launchers
  • 1 × Type 182 towed decoy
  • Pakistan:
  • 1 × 4.5 inch (114 mm) Mark 8 naval gun
  • 2 × Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
  • 1 × Phalanx CIWS
  • 1 × 6-cell LY-60N missile launcher
  • 2 × triple ASW torpedo tubes
  • 2 × Mark 36 SRBOC chaff launchers
  • 1 × Type 182 towed decoy
Ship armour=Ship aircraft=1 × Westland Wasp helicopter, later refitted for 1 × LynxShip aircraft facilities=Ship notes=
}}

HMS Amazon was the first Type 21 frigate of the Royal Navy. Her keel was laid down at the Vosper Thornycroft shipyard in Southampton, England. The ship suffered a fire in the Far East in 1977, drawing attention to the risk of building warships with aluminium superstructure.

Design

The Type 21 frigates were intended as a class of general purpose frigates to replace the diesel-powered frigates of the {{sclass-|Leopard|frigate|5}} and {{sclass-|Salisbury|frigate|4}}es, and to maintain the Royal Navy's frigate numbers until the specialist anti-submarine ships of the Type 22 class could enter service. The contract for the design of the class was placed with the commercial shipbuilder Vosper Thornycroft, with the intent that the design would be cheaper than those produced by the Royal Navy's own design staff, while being attractive for export buyers.[1][2]

Amazon was {{convert|384|ft|m|2}} long overall and {{convert|360|ft|m|2}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|41|ft|9|in|m}} and a maximum draught of {{convert|19|ft|m|2}}.[2] Design displacement was {{convert|2750|LT|t}} normal and {{convert|3250|LT|t}} full load.[3] She was powered by two Rolls-Royce Olympus TM3B gas turbines rated at a total of {{convert|56000|shp|kW}} and two Rolls-Royce Tynes rated at a total of {{convert|8500|shp|kW}} in a Combined gas or gas (COGOG) arrangement, giving a speed of {{convert|30|kn|mph km/h}} when powered by the Olympuses and {{convert|17|kn|mph km/h}} when powered by the Tynes.[2]

As built, armament consisted of a single 4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun forward, and a four-round launcher for the Sea Cat surface-to-air missile aft, backed up by two 20mm cannon.[1] A hangar and flight deck for a single light helicopter, intended to be the new Westland Lynx (although Amazon was first equipped with a Westland Wasp as the Lynx had not yet entered service).[2][4] A Type 992Q surface/air search and target indication radar was fitted, together with a Type 978 navigation radar. Two Type 912 fire control radars (the Italian Selenia RTX-10X) directed the ship's gun and the Seacat, while a Type 184M medium range search sonar and a Type 162M bottom search sonar (modernised versions of the sonars used on the Leander-class) were fitted.[5][6]

Later ships of the class completed with four Exocet anti-ship missiles forward, and two triple tubes for United States USN/NATO-standard Mark 44 or Mark 46 torpedoes,[4] but Amazon did not receive Exocet until 1984–1985.[7]

Construction

Amazon, the first of her class, was ordered on 26 March 1969.[8] She was laid down at Vosper Thornycroft's Woolston, Southampton shipyard on 6 November 1969 and was launched by Princess Anne on 26 April 1971.[9][10] Construction was slow,[11] and Amazon was not completed until 11 May 1974,[9] at a cost of £16.8 million.[12]

Royal Navy Service

In June 1977 Amazon took part in the Fleet Review, of the Royal Navy at Spithead in celebration of HM the Queen's Silver Jubilee,[13] while in July she carried out successful trials with the Lynx helicopter.[11] In November 1977 Amazon suffered serious engine room fire caused by a fuel leak when near Singapore. Ladders made of aluminium alloy melted in the fire, making it difficult to respond, which was one of the reasons why use of aluminum as a construction material for warships went out of fashion with the Royal Navy.[11][14] From 1978 Amazon{{'}}s Wasp helicopter was replaced by a Lynx.[4][15]

In December 1980 the ship struck a coral pinnacle off Belize.[11] Amazon was the only unit of her class to not participate in the Falklands War, as she was in the Persian Gulf at the time,[4][11] although she carried out a patrol in the South Atlantic in August–November 1982.[11]

By the mid-1980s the surviving Type 21s were suffering cracking in the hull and so she was taken in for refitting, with a steel plate being welded down each side of the ship. At the same time modifications were made to reduce hull noise. Four Exocet launchers were also fitted in 'B' position, the last of the class to be so fitted.

Pakistan Navy Service

{{other ships|PNS Babur}}

Amazon decommissioned and was sold to Pakistan on 30 September 1993, being renamed Babur.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} Exocet was not transferred to Pakistan and Babur had her obsolete Sea Cat launcher removed. A Chinese LY-60N missile launcher was fitted in place of the Exocet launchers. Signaal DA08 air search radar replaced the Type 992 and SRBOC chaff launchers and 20 mm and 30 mm guns were fitted.

On 3 August 2011, a video surfaced on the Internet reportedly showing Babur brushing against the Indian frigate {{INS|Godavari|F20|2}} in the Gulf of Aden during the rescue of hostages on-board merchant vessel MV Suez in June.[16]

Commanding officers

FromToCaptain
19731975Commander W John Bingham OBE RN
19751977Commander David Dobson RN
19771978Commander A B Richardson RN
19781979Commander R N Woodard RN
19801982Commander Ian Garnett RN
19821984Commander J E K Ellis RN
19861988Commander R J Lippiett RN
19881990Commander David A Lewis RN
19901992Commander David J M Mowlam RN
19921993Commander Patrick H Watson RN

Gallery

References

1. ^1 {{Harvnb|Marriott|1983|p=97}}
2. ^1 2 3 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Chumbley|1995|p=522}}
3. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|pp=322–323}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{Harvnb|Marriott|1983|p=100}}
5. ^{{Harvnb|Marriott|1983|pp=97–97}}
6. ^{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Chumbley|1995|pp=484 0150485}}
7. ^{{Harvnb|Couhat|Baker|1986|p=194}}
8. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|p=296}}
9. ^1 {{Harvnb|Marriott|1983|p=104}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Lucky omen at Amazon launch|newspaper=Navy News|date=May 1971|issue=203|page=1|url=https://issuu.com/navynews/docs/197105|accessdate=30 September 2018}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Harvnb|Critchley|1992|p=134}}
12. ^{{cite hansard |house=House of Commons |title=Defence: Navy Vessels |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1989/oct/23/research-establishments#S6CV0158P0_19891023_CWA_517 |date=23 October 1989 |column_start= 357W|column_end= 361W|speaker= Michael Neubert|position=Under-Secretary of State for Defence Procurement|accessdate=1 October 2018}}
13. ^Official Souvenir Programme, 1977. Silver Jubilee Fleet Review, HMSO
14. ^{{Harvnb|Preston|2002|pp=176–177}}
15. ^{{Harvnb|Sturtivant|Ballance|1994|p=410}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=Video Shows PNS Babur Brushing Against INS Godavari|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?730077|accessdate=4 August 2011|newspaper=Outlook India}}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Publications

  • {{colledge}}
  • {{cite book|editor1-last=Couhat|editor1-first=Jean Laybayle|editor2-last=Baker|editor2-first=A. D.|title=Combat Fleets of the World 1986/87: Their Ships, Aircraft and Armament|year=1986 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=0-85368-860-5|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=Critchley |first=Mike |title=British Warships Since 1945: Part 5: Frigates|year=1992| publisher=Maritime Press|location=Liskeard, UK|isbn=0-907771-13-0|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War and After|year=2008|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-015-4|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Chumbley|editor2-first=Stephen|title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995|year=1995|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland, USA|isbn=1-55750-132-7|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=Marriott|first=Leo|year=1983 |title=Royal Navy Frigates 1945–1983|publisher=Ian Allan Ltd|location=Shepperton, Surrey, UK |isbn= 0-7110-1322-5|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=Preston|first=Antony|title=The World's Worst Warships|year=2002|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=0-85177-754-6|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Sturtivant|first1=Ray |last2=Theo |first2=Balance |title=The Squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm|year=1994|publisher=Air Britain (Historians) Ltd|location=Tonbridge, Kent, UK|isbn=0-85130-223-8|ref=harv}}
{{Type 21 frigate}}{{Military of Pakistan}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Amazon (F169)}}

2 : Type 21 frigates|1971 ships
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