| 词条 | HMS Sceptre (1802) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Sceptre was a 74-gun third rate of the Royal Navy, built by Dudman of Deptford after a design by Sir William Rule, and launched in December 1802 at Deptford.[1] She served in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812 before being broken up in 1821. CareerOn 20 June 1803, after a shakedown period, she came into Plymouth for a refit. She then sailed again on 28 June under the command of Captain A. C. Dickson to join the Channel fleet. East IndiesIn July 1803, she sailed for the East Indies station. She would serve for five years in the East Indies before transferring to the Caribbean. Scepter and {{HMS|Albion|1802|2}} left Rio de Janeiro on 13 October, escorting Lord Melville, Earl Spencer, Princess Mary, Northampton, Anna, Ann, Glory, and Essex. They were in company with the 74-gun third rate ships of the line {{HMS|Russell|1764|6}}, and the fourth rate {{HMS|Grampus|1802|6}}. Three days later Albion and Scepter separated from the rest of the ships.[3]On 21 December 1803, Sceptern and Albion captured the French privateer Clarisse at {{coord|1|18|S|95|20|E}} in the eastern Indian Ocean. Clarisse was armed with 12 guns and had a crew of 157 men. She had sailed from Isle de France (Mauritius) on 24 November with provisions for a six-month cruise to the Bay of Bengal. At the time of her capture she had not captured anything.[2] Albion, Sceptre, and Clarisse arrived at Madras on 8 January 1804.[3] On 28 February 1804, Albion and Sceptre met up in the straits of Malacca with the fleet of Indiamen that had just emerged from the Battle of Pulo Aura and conducted them safely to Saint Helena. From there {{HMS|Plantagenet|1801|6}} escorted the convoy to England.[4] Later in 1804, Captain Joseph Bingham, formerly of {{HMS|St Fiorenzo|1794|2}}, assumed command of Sceptre. On 11 November 1806, Sceptre and Cornwallis, under Captain Johnsto,n made a dash into St. Paul's Bay, Isle of Bourbon, and attacked the shipping there, which consisted of the frigate Sémillante, three armed ships and twelve captured British ships. (The eight ships that had been earlier taken by Sémillante were valued at one and a half million pounds.) However, what little breeze there was soon failed, and the two ships found it difficult to manoeuvre and were unable to recapture any prizes. In 1808, Sceptre, in company with Cornwallis, engaged and damaged Sémillante, together with the shore batteries that she sought to protect. Sceptre and Cornwallis, much affected by scurvy, retired to Madagascar for their crews to recuperate. Sceptre then returned home in 1808 accompanied by two homeward-bound Danish East Indiamen that Captain Bingham had captured off the Cape of Good Hope. On her return to Britain, she was paid off. Between August 1808 and June 1809 Scepter underwent repairs at Chatham. In March Bingham recommissioned her and joined Sir Richard Strachan in the expedition to the Scheldt.[5] West IndiesSceptre sailed for the Leeward Islands on 8 November.[5]During the passage from England Captain Samuel James Ballard trained his crew in the use of the broadsword. This later proved of value when they were used ashore. Ballard and Sceptre arrived off Martinique with {{HMS|Alfred|12778|2}} and {{HMS|Freya|1807|2}} (or Freya) under his orders, to find that about 150 miles to the windward of Guadaloupe four French frigates had captured and burnt Junon, belonging to the Halifax squadron. On 18 December, Sceptre, Blonde, {{HMS|Thetis|1782|2}}, Freya, {{HMS|Castor|1785|2, {{HMS|Cygnet|1804|2, {{HMS|Hazard|1794|2}}, {{HMS|Ringdove|1806|2}}, and {{HMS|Elizabeth|1805|2}} proceeded to attack two French flûtes, Loire and Seine anchored in Anse à la Barque ("Barque Cove"), about nine miles to the northwest of the town of Basse-Terre. Blonde, Thetis and the three sloops bore the brunt of the attack but forced the French to abandon their ships and set fire to them. Captain Cameron, who was killed in the attempt, landed with the boats of Hazard and destroyed the shore batteries. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Anse la Barque 18 Decr. 1809",[6] to all surviving claimants from the action. Towards the end of January 1810 Sceptre escorted a division of the troops destined for the attack on Guadaloupe from St. Lucia to the Saintes. While other troops were landed on the island he created a diversion off Trois-Rivières before landing his troops and marines between Anse à la Barque and Basse-Terre. Until the surrender of the island, Captain Ballard commanded the detachment of seamen and marines attached to the army. Sceptre visited most of the West Indian islands before sailing from St. Thomas in August with the homebound trade. ChannelShe arrived at Spithead on 25 September 1810 and was docked and refitted. Sceptre was employed in the Channel watching the enemy in Brest and the Basque Roads until January 1813. War of 1812In 1813, Captain Charles Ross, took command of Sceptre as the flagship of Rear Admiral Sir George Cockburn for operations against the United States. On 11 July 1813, Sceptre, with Romulus, Fox, Nemesis, and {{HMS|Conflict|1812|2}} and the tenders {{HMS|Highflyer|1813|2}} and {{HMS|Cockchafer|1812|2}}, anchored off the Ocracoke bar, in the Outer Banks of North Carolina. They had on board troops under the orders of Lieutenant Colonel Napier. An advanced division of the best pulling boats commanded by Lieutenant Westphall and carrying armed seamen and marines from Sceptre attacked the enemy's shipping. They were supported by Captain Ross with the rocket-boats. The flat and heavier boats followed with the bulk of the 102nd Regiment and the artillery. The only opposition came from a brig, Anaconda, of 18 guns, and a privateer schooner, the Atlas, of 10 guns, which were the only armed vessels in the anchorage. When Lieutenant Westphall attacked, supported by rockets, the Americans abandoned Anaconda and Atlas struck. The troops took possession of Portsmouth Island and Ocracoke Island without opposition. The British took the two prizes into service as {{HMS|Anaconda|1813|2}} and St Lawrence.{{#tag:ref|A first-class share of the prize money for the two was worth £32 3s 2¼d; a sixth-class share was worth 9s 8¼d.[7]|group=Note}} On 12 May 1814, Sceptre recaptured the letter of marque {{ship||Fanny|1811 ship|2}}.[8] The capture and recapture of Fanny, together with Scepter{{'}}s claim for salvage, gave rise to several important legal cases.{{refn|A first-class share of the salvage money, the share accruing to Captain Ross, was worth £605 7s 2d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth £3 12s 1½d.[9]|group=Note}} FateSceptre spent her final years in the Channel in the blockade of the French fleet.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} In 1815, Sceptre was decommissioned at Chatham. After a period in ordinary, she was finally broken up at Chatham in 1821.[1]Notes1. ^1 2 Lavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p185. 2. ^{{London Gazette|date=23 June 1804|issue=15713|page=778}} 3. ^1 Lloyd's List, n°4463. Accessed 13 August 2016. 4. ^Lloyd's List, n°4478. Accessed 13 August 2016. 5. ^1 Winfield (2008), pp. 75-6. 6. ^{{London Gazette|issue=20939|page=243|date=26 January 1849}} 7. ^{{London Gazette|issue=18015|page=540|date=3 April 1824}} 8. ^{{London Gazette|issue=16973|page=29|date=7 January 1815}} 9. ^{{London Gazette|issue=16976|page=90|date=17 January 1815}} Citations and references
5 : Ships of the line of the Royal Navy|Repulse-class ships of the line|1802 ships|Ships built in Deptford|War of 1812 ships of the United Kingdom |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。