| 词条 | Horse Sand Fort |
| 释义 |
|name=Horse Sand Fort |partof= |location=Solent, England |coordinates={{coord|50|45|0.0|N|1|4|21.17|W|display=inline,title}} |image=Horse Sand Fort - geograph.org.uk - 1087244.jpg |caption=Horse Sand Fort |map_type=Hampshire |map_size= |type=Fort |code= |built=1865–1880 |builder= |materials= |height= |used= |demolished= |condition=Complete |ownership=AmaZing Venues |open_to_public=No{{Infobox designation list | embed = yes | designation1_offname = Horse Sand Fort | designation1 = Scheduled monument | designation1_date = 12 June 1967 | designation1_number = {{Listed building England|1018588}} }} |controlledby= |garrison= |current_commander= |commanders= |occupants= |battles= |events= }}{{Infobox company | homepage = SolentForts.com }} Horse Sand Fort is one of the larger Royal Commission sea forts in the Solent off Portsmouth, Hampshire, England. The fort is one of four built as part of the Palmerston Forts constructions. It is {{convert|200|ft|m}} across,[1] built between 1865 and 1880, with two floors and a basement and armour-plated all round. HistoryHorse Sand Fort was designed by Captain E. H. Stewart, overseen by Assistant Inspector General of Fortifications, Colonel W. F. D. Jervois. Construction work began in 1865, and the fort was completed in 1880, long after the threat of a seaborne invasion from France had passed, at a cost of £424,694.[2] The original armament was to have been forty five 10-inch and 44 12.5-inch rifled muzzle-loading (RML) guns on the gun floors with 10 12-inch RMLs mounted on the roof in five turrets. In fact the turrets were never built and the limited space meant the 12.5-inch guns had to be operated with less than full charges of powder. In 1882, 12-inch rifled breech-loading guns were placed in alternate bays. Horse Sand Fort was built on a ring of masonry consisting of large concrete blocks with an outer skin of granite blocks, the interior being filled with clay and shingle and covered with a thick layer of concrete. The lower foundation walls of the fort are {{convert|18|m|ft}} thick. The fort is split into three levels with the top measuring {{convert|62.4|m|ftin}} in diameter. The floors would have originally provided storage of armoury and guns and the things needed to sustain the men that were stationed on site. The top of the fort consisted of a lighthouse and various chimneys and ventilators. The fort has its own artesian well which provided fresh water. The seaward side of the fort was covered in a heavy iron-armoured plating to protect it from seaborne attack. Access to the fort was by a wooden-decked landing stage supported on cast-iron piles. In the late 19th century the Solent forts were painted in a black and white checkered paint scheme as an early form of dazzle camouflage. In its unrestored state remains of this pattern are still visible on parts of Horse Sand Fort. During the Second World War extensive submarine defences were built in the form of large concrete blocks running about {{convert|1.8|m|ft}} below sea level from the fort to the shore at Southsea. With only a single narrow gap to allow small craft to pass through, this barrier (and a much shorter one running south from No Man's Land Fort towards Ryde Sands) remains as the cost of demolition is deemed too high. In March 2012, the fort was purchased by AmaZing Venues who operate the venue under the Solent Forts brand (owners of No Man's Land Fort and Spitbank Fort) and is to be converted into a museum.[3] In January 2015, the BBC TV programme Antiques Road Trip included a clip of a visit to the fort (between 1400-1830).[4] Current owners AmaZing Venues will open Horse Sand Fort for public use in 2016.[5] Horse Sands Fort is also currently home to a peregrine falcon. Other sea forts include Spitbank Fort, St Helens Fort and No Man's Land Fort. References1. ^"Solent forts", National Museum of the Royal Navy 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_solentforts.htm |title=History of the Solent Forts |publisher=Royal Naval Museum |accessdate=12 July 2018 |archivedate=12 July 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712162852/http://www.menshealth-questions.net/royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_solentforts.htm |deadurl=no}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Millionaire snaps up three forts off Portsmouth|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-17512499|accessdate=27 March 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=26 March 2012}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b04yjmnt/antiques-road-trip-series-10-episode-7|title=Antiques Road Trip|publisher=BBC|accessdate=17 January 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.amazingvenues.co.uk/venues/solent-forts/horse-sand-fort/ |title=Horse Sand Fort |publisher= AmaZing Venues|accessdate=17 January 2015}} External links{{Commons category|Horse Sand Fort}}
6 : Sea forts|Sea Forts in the Solent|Palmerston Forts|Coastal artillery|Military installations established in 1880|1880 establishments in England |
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