“Albert Göring”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Albert Günther Göring (9 March 1895 – 20 December 1966) was a German engineer, businessman and the younger brother of Hermann Göring, the head of the German Luftwaffe and a leading member of the Nazi Party.

In contrast to his brother, Albert was opposed to Nazism, and helped Jews and others who were persecuted in Nazi Germany.{{sfn|Wyllie|2007|p=7}} He found himself shunned in post-war Germany because of his family name, and died without having received public recognition for his humanitarian efforts.^[1]

Family background

Albert Göring was born on 9 March 1895 in the Berlin suburb of Friedenau.{{sfn|Burke|2009|p=24}} He was the fifth child of the former Reichskommissar to German South-West Africa and German Consul General to Haiti, Heinrich Ernst Göring, and his wife Franziska "Fanny" Tiefenbrunn, who came from a Bavarian peasant family.

The Görings were relatives of numerous residents of the Eberle/Eberlin area in Switzerland and Germany, among them German Counts Zeppelin, including aviation pioneer Ferdinand von Zeppelin; German nationalist art historian Herman Grimm, author of concept of the German hero as a mover of history that was later embraced by the Nazis; Swiss historian of art and cultural, political and social thinker Jacob Burckhardt; Swiss diplomat, historian and President of International Red Cross Carl J. Burckhardt; the Merck family, owners of the German pharmaceutical giant Merck; and German Catholic writer and poet Gertrud von Le Fort.{{sfn|Paul|1983|p=33}}

The Göring family lived with their children’s aristocratic godfather of Jewish heritage, Ritter Hermann von Epenstein, in his Veldenstein and Mauterndorf castles. Von Epenstein was a prominent physician and acted as a surrogate father to the children as Heinrich Göring was often absent from the family home.{{sfn|cf. Christian H. Freitag: Ritter, Reichsmarschall & Revoluzzer. Aus der Geschichte eines Berliner Landhauses. Berlin 2015, pp=25-45}} Albert was one of five children. His brothers were Hermann and Karl Ernst Göring, and his half-sisters were Olga Therese Sophia and Paula Elisabeth Rosa Göring, both from his father's first marriage.{{sfn|Brandenburg|1935|p=not cited}}

Von Epenstein began an affair with Franziska Göring about a year before Albert's birth.{{sfn|Mosley|1974|p=not cited}} A strong physical resemblance between von Epenstein and Albert Göring even led many to believe that they were father and son. If this were true, it meant that Albert Göring was half-Jewish.{{sfn|Mosley|1974|p=not cited}} However, Franziska Göring had accompanied her husband to his post in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and lived there with him between March 1893 and mid-1894, which makes this seem extremely unlikely.{{sfn|Burke|2009|p=26 and 27}}

Anti-Nazi activity

Göring seemed to have acquired his godfather's character as a bon vivant and looked set to lead an "unremarkable life" as a filmmaker, until the Nazis came to power in 1933. Unlike his elder brother Hermann, who was a leading party member, Albert Göring despised Nazism and the brutality involved.

Many anecdotal stories exist about Göring's resistance to the Nazi ideology and regime.{{sfn|Goldgar|2000|p=not cited}} For example, Albert is reported to have joined a group of Jewish women that had been forced to scrub the street. The SS officer in charge inspected his identification, and ordered the group's scrubbing activity to stop after realizing he could be held responsible for allowing Hermann Göring's brother to be publicly humiliated.{{sfn|Bülow|2007|p=not cited}}

Albert Göring used his influence to get his Jewish former boss Oskar Pilzer freed after the Nazis arrested him. Göring then helped Pilzer and his family escape from Germany. He is reported to have done the same for many other German dissidents.{{sfn|Bülow|2007|p=not cited}}

Göring intensified his anti-Nazi activity when he was made export director at the Škoda Works in Czechoslovakia. He encouraged minor acts of sabotage and had contact with the Czech resistance. On many occasions, he forged his brother's signature on transit documents to enable dissidents to escape. When he was caught, he used his brother's influence to gain his release. Göring also sent trucks to Nazi concentration camps with requests for labourers. The trucks would stop in an isolated area, and their passengers were then allowed to escape.{{sfn|Bülow|2007|p=not cited}}

After the war, Albert Göring was questioned during the Nuremberg Tribunal. However, many of those he had helped testified for him, and he was released. Soon afterwards, Göring was arrested by the Czechs, but he was again released when the full extent of his activities became known.{{sfn|Bülow|2007|p=not cited}}

In 2010, Edda Göring, the daughter of Hermann, said of her uncle Albert in The Guardian: {{quote|He could certainly help people in need himself financially and with his personal influence, but, as soon as it was necessary to involve higher authority or officials, then he had to have the support of my father, which he did get.^[2]}}

Later life

On his release, Göring returned to Germany, but he found himself shunned because of his family name. He found work occasionally as a writer and translator, and he lived in a modest flat far from the baronial splendour of his childhood. In his last years, Göring lived on a pension from the government. He knew that if he married, on his death the pension payments would be transferred to his wife. As a sign of gratitude, he married his housekeeper in 1966 so she would receive his pension. One week later, Albert Göring died without having his wartime anti-Nazi activities ever having been publicly acknowledged.^[3]

Although Göring lived out his last years in Munich in Bavaria, he died further away in a hospital in Neuenbürg in the neighbouring state of Baden-Württemberg.^[4]

Reception and popular culture

Göring's story remained largely unknown to the public even three decades after his death. While his brother Hermann Göring was subject to many publications, Albert received little or no attention. One exception was a short article in the German weekly magazine aktuell by the writer Ernst Neubach in the early 1960s when Göring was still alive. At the end of the 20th century the situation began to change when Göring started to become the subject of several books and documentaries, which in turn triggered a larger number of new publications.

Books

British author James Wyllie published a double biography The Warlord and the Renegade in 2006, which was followed by the book Thirty Four by Australian author William Hastings Burke. Albert Göring was also covered in the 2011 book Rettungswiderstand (resistance to save) by the German historian and Holocaust survivor Arno Lustiger.

Göring's humanitarian efforts are recorded by William Hastings Burke in the book Thirty Four ({{ISBN|9780956371201}}). A review of the book in The Jewish Chronicle concluded with a call for Albert Göring to be honoured at the Yad Vashem memorial;^[5] however, Yad Vashem subsequently announced that they would not list Göring as Righteous Among the Nations, stating that although "(t)here are indications that Albert Goering had a positive attitude to Jews and that he helped some people," there is not "sufficient proof, i.e., primary sources, showing that he took extraordinary risks to save Jews from danger of deportation and death."^[6]

Documentaries

Göring had become subject to a couple of film documentaries. The first and most extensive one being The Real Albert Goering which produced by 3BM TV and broadcast in UK in 1998. Roughly a decade later William Hastings Burke produced a documentary based on his book and in 2014 Véronique Lhorme's Le Dossier Albert Göring was broadcast on French TV. In January 2016, the German TV channel Das Erste broadcast the docudrama Der gute Göring (The Good Göring) with Barnaby Metschurat as Albert Göring and Francis Fulton-Smith as his brother Hermann.^[7] A BBC Radio 4 documentary entitled "The Good Goering", also broadcast in January 2016, featured an investigation of the life of Albert Göring by journalist Gavin Esler.^[8]

Family background

Anti-Nazi activity

Later life

Reception and popular culture

Books

Documentaries

See also

Notes

References

External links