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词条 Human Rights Campaign
释义

  1. Structure

     Leadership 

  2. History

      Executive Directors   Annual fundraisers  HRC historical records 

  3. Programs

  4. Logo

     Same-sex marriage logo 

  5. Controversies

      Endorsement of Republican candidates   2016 United States presidential endorsement   2018 New York gubernatorial election endorsement  

  6. Awards

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

{{short description|LGBT civil rights advocacy group}}{{lead too short|date=July 2018}}{{Infobox organization
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| abbreviation = HRC
| motto = "Working for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Equal Rights"
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| formation = {{start date and age|1980}}
| founder = Steve Endean
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| type = Nonprofit advocacy organization
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| purpose = LGBT rights
| headquarters = Washington, D.C.
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| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Chad Griffin
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| affiliations = Human Rights Campaign Foundation, Human Rights Campaign PAC
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| revenue = $45,636,641[1]
| revenue_year = 2018
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| website = {{URL|https://www.hrc.org}}
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The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is the largest LGBT civil rights advocacy group and political lobbying organization in the United States.[2] The organization focuses on protecting and expanding rights for LGBT individuals, most notably advocating for marriage equality, anti-discrimination and hate crimes legislation, and HIV/AIDS advocacy. The organization has a number of legislative initiatives as well as supporting resources for LGBT individuals.

Structure

HRC is an umbrella group of two separate non-profit organizations and a political action committee: the HRC Foundation, a 501(c)(3)[3] organization that focuses on research, advocacy and education; the Human Rights Campaign, a 501(c)(4)[4] organization that focuses on promoting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights through lobbying Congress and state and local officials for support of pro-LGBTQ bills, and mobilizing grassroots action amongst its members; and the HRC Political Action Committee, a super PAC which supports and opposes political candidates.[5]

Leadership

The Human Rights Campaign's leadership includes President Chad Griffin.[6] HRC's work is supported by three boards: the Board of Directors, which is the governing body for the organization; the HRC Foundation Board, which manages the foundation's finances and establishes official policies governing the foundation; and the Board of Governors, which manages the organization's local outreach nationwide.[7]

History

Steve Endean, who had worked with a previously established Gay Rights National Lobby from 1978, established the Human Rights Campaign Fund political action committee in 1980.[8] The two groups eventually merged. In 1983, Vic Basile, at the time one of the leading LGBT rights activists in Washington, D.C., was elected as the first executive director. In October 1986, the HRC Foundation (HRCF) was formed as a non-profit organization.[9]

In January 1989, Basile announced his departure, and HRC reorganized from serving mainly as a political action committee (PAC) to broadening its function to encompass lobbying, research, education, and media outreach.[10] HRC decided on a new Statement of Purpose: "For the promotion of the social welfare of the gay and lesbian community by drafting, supporting and influencing legislation and policy at the federal, state and local level." Tim McFeeley, a Harvard Law School graduate, founder of the Boston Lesbian and Gay Political Alliance, and a co-chair of the New England HRC Committee, was elected the new executive director. Total membership was then approximately 25,000 members.[11]

In 1992, HRC endorsed a presidential candidate for the first time, Bill Clinton. In March 1993, HRC began a new project, National Coming Out Day. From January 1995 until January 2004, Elizabeth Birch served as the executive director of the HRC. Under her leadership, the institution more than quadrupled its membership to 500,000 members.[12]

In 1995, the organization dropped the word "Fund" from its name, becoming the Human Rights Campaign. That same year, it underwent a complete reorganization. The HRC Foundation added new programs such as the Workplace Project and the Family Project, while HRC itself broadly expanded its research, communications, and marketing/public relations functions. The organization also unveiled a new logo, a yellow equal sign inside of a blue square.[13]

As part of the activities surrounding the Millennium March on Washington, the HRC Foundation sponsored a fundraising concert at Washington, D.C.'s RFK Stadium on April 29, 2000. Billed as a concert to end hate crimes, "Equality Rocks" honored hate crime victims and their families, such as featured speakers Dennis and Judy Shepard, the parents of Matthew Shepard. The event included Melissa Etheridge, Garth Brooks, Pet Shop Boys, k.d. lang, Nathan Lane, Rufus Wainwright, Albita Rodríguez, and Chaka Khan.[14][15]

Elizabeth Birch's successor, Cheryl Jacques, resigned in November 2004 after only 11 months as executive director. Jacques said she had resigned over "a difference in management philosophy".[16]

In March 2005, HRC announced the appointment of Joe Solmonese as the president. He served in that position until stepping down in May 2012 to co-chair the Barack Obama presidential campaign.[17]

HRC launched its Religion and Faith Program in 2005 to mobilize clergy to advocate for LGBT people, and helped form DC Clergy United for Marriage Equality, which was involved in the legalization of same-sex marriage in the District of Columbia.[18] On March 10, 2010, the first legally recognized same-sex weddings in the District of Columbia were held at the headquarters of the Human Rights Campaign.[19]

On August 9, 2007, HRC and Logo TV co-hosted a forum for 2008 Democratic presidential candidates dedicated specifically to LGBT issues.[20]

In 2010, HRC lobbied for the repeal of the United States' ban on HIV-positive people's entry into the country for travel or immigration.[21][22]

In September 2011, it was announced that Joe Solmonese would step down as president of HRC following the end of his contract in 2012.[23] Despite initial speculation that former Atlanta City Council president Cathy Woolard would be appointed, no replacement was announced until March 2, 2012, when American Foundation for Equal Rights co-founder Chad Griffin was announced as Solmonese's successor. Griffin took office on June 11, 2012.[24]

In 2012, HRC said that it had raised and contributed $20 million to re-elect President Obama and to advance same-sex marriage.[25] In addition to the Obama re-election campaign, HRC spent money on marriage-related ballot measures in Washington, Maine, Maryland and Minnesota, and the election of Democratic Senator Tammy Baldwin in Wisconsin.[26]

In 2013, HRC conducted a postcard campaign in support of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA).[27]

In 2019, HRC joined with 42 other religious and allied organizations in issuing a statement opposing Project Blitz, an effort by a coalition of Christian right organizations to influence state legislation.[28]

Executive Directors

Years Name
  1980–1983 Steve Endean[8]
  1983–1989 Vic Basile[9]
  1989–1995 Tim McFeeley[11]
  1995–2004 Elizabeth Birch[12]
  2004–2004 Cheryl Jacques[16]
  2005–2012 Joe Solmonese[17]
present}} Chad Griffin[24]

Annual fundraisers

Each year since 1997, HRC has hosted a national dinner that serves as the organization's single largest annual fundraiser. In 2009, President Barack Obama spoke at HRC's 13th Annual National Dinner. In his speech, President Obama reaffirmed his pledge to repeal "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" and the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), as well as his commitment to passing the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.[29] He gave the keynote speech in 2011 as well, reiterating his pledge to fight for DOMA repeal and for the passage of ENDA, and to combat bullying of LGBT youth. Other featured speakers at past dinners have included Bill Clinton, Maya Angelou, Kweisi Mfume, Joseph Lieberman, Hillary Clinton, Richard Gephardt, John Lewis, Rosie O'Donnell, Nancy Pelosi, Tim Gunn, Suze Orman, Sally Field, Cory Booker, Tammy Baldwin, and Betty DeGeneres.[30]

HRC historical records

The historical records of the Human Rights Campaign are maintained in a collection at the Cornell University Library. Arriving at Cornell in 2004, the records include strategic planning documents, faxes, minutes, e-mails, press releases, posters, and campaign buttons. Taking up {{convert|84|cuft|m3}}, the archive is the second largest in the library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Human Sexuality Collection. In February 2007, the archive was opened to scholars at the library, and selected records were organized into an online exhibit called "25 Years of Political Influence: The Records of the Human Rights Campaign".[31][32]

Programs

According to the organization, the Human Rights Campaign "is organized for the charitable and educational purposes of promoting public education and welfare for the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community."[33]

The HRC Foundation provides resources on coming out,[34] transgender issues,[35] LGBT-related healthcare topics,[36] and information about workplace issues faced by LGBT people, including the Corporate Equality Index.[37]

HRC has lobbied for the passage of anti-discrimination and hate crime laws.[38][39] The organization supported the passage of the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, which expanded federal hate-crime law to allow the Justice Department to investigate and prosecute crimes motivated by a victim's actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.[40]

The organization's work on health issues traditionally focused on responding to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In recent years, HRC has addressed discrimination in health care settings for LGBT employees, patients and their families. Since 2007, the Human Rights Campaign Foundation has published the "Healthcare Equality Index", which rates hospitals on issues such as patient and employee non-discrimination policies, employee cultural competency training, and hospital visitation rights for LGBT patients' families.[41]

Lobbyists from the Human Rights Campaign worked with the Obama administration to extend hospital visitation rights to same-sex partners.[42] HRC lobbied extensively for the repeal of the Don't Ask Don't Tell (DADT) law, which barred gay and lesbian people from serving openly in the United States military.[43]

Logo

The official logo of the HRC, adopted in 1995, consists of a yellow equals sign imposed onto a blue background. The logo was created in 1995 by design firm Stone Yamashita.[44] The previous logo used by the HRC (then known as the HRCF) featured a stylized flaming torch.[45] HRC uses the term Equality Flag for flags bearing their logo.[46]

Same-sex marriage logo

HRC shared a red version of its logo – selected by marketing director Anastasia Khoo because the color is synonymous with love – on social network services on March 25, 2013, and asked its supporters to do the same to show support for same-sex marriage in light of two cases that were before the U.S. Supreme Court (United States v. Windsor and Hollingsworth v. Perry). The logo went viral, and Facebook saw a 120% increase in the number of profile photo changes on March 26. Celebrities such as George Takei, Beyonce, Sophia Bush, Padma Lakshmi, Martha Stewart, Macklemore, Ryan Lewis and Ellen DeGeneres shared the logo with their millions of followers on social network services and politicians like Senator Claire McCaskill (D-MO), Jay Rockefeller (D-WV), and Kay Hagan (D-NC) did the same.[47][48]

Brands and corporations showed their support for same-sex marriage with creative recreations of the red HRC logo. Supporters included Bud Light, Bonobos, Fab.com, Kenneth Cole, L'Occitane en Provence, Maybelline, Absolut, Marc Jacobs International, Smirnoff, Martha Stewart Weddings, and HBO's True Blood.[49]

Major print and online news sources reported on the success of the viral campaign, including MSNBC,[50] Time,[51] Mashable,[52] and The Wall Street Journal.[53]

Controversies

Critics have taken HRC to task for its working environment. In the fall of 2014, HRC commissioned outside consultants to conduct a series of focus groups and surveys with the organization's staff. In the report, which was obtained by BuzzFeed, staff of the organization described the working environment at HRC as "judgmental", "exclusionary", "sexist", and "homogenous". The report stated that "Leadership culture is experienced as homogenous — gay, white, male." Acknowledging the report, HRC president Chad Griffin said: "Like many organizations and companies throughout our country, HRC has embarked on a thoughtful and comprehensive diversity and inclusion effort with the goals of better representing the communities we serve."[54] In August 2015, Pride at Work, an LGBT affiliate of the AFL–CIO, approved a resolution that calls on member organizations to stop funding HRC until the group addresses what Pride at Work sees as problems with HRC's Corporate Equality Index.[55]

HRC has been accused of overstating the number of its actual members in order to appear more influential in politics.[56][57] Former HRC President Joe Solmonese responded, saying that "[m]embership is about more than contributions ... [i]t's about sending e-mails to elected officials, volunteering time or lobbying members of Congress" and more than half of its members made contributions during the previous two years.[58] Earlier, HRC spokesperson Steven Fisher stated that its membership includes anyone who has donated at least $1.[58]

HRC has also been criticized for exceedingly generous executive salaries.[59]

Some transgender people have criticized the HRC for its stance on the 2007 version of ENDA, which at the time included sexual orientation as a protected category but not gender identity and expression.[60] Once the legislation was submitted by Rep. Barney Frank, HRC officially neither opposed nor supported it.[61] This followed a speech by former HRC President Joe Solmonese at the transgender Southern Comfort Conference the previous month, where he said that HRC "oppose[d] any legislation that is not absolutely inclusive".[62] HRC later explained that it could not actively support a non-inclusive bill, but did not oppose it because the legislation would strategically advance long-term efforts to pass a trans-inclusive ENDA.[63] However, in a letter to U.S. Representatives, HRC did express support for the bill, stating that while HRC is "greatly disappointed that the current version of ENDA is not {{Sic|hide=y|fully|-}}inclusive ... we appreciate the steadfast efforts of our ... allies ... even when they are forced ... to make progress that is measured by inches rather than yards."[64]

Endorsement of Republican candidates

Critics of the HRC have accused the organization of favoring the Democratic Party. Andrew Sullivan, a gay political columnist and blogger, has been critical of the HRC, calling it "a patronage wing of the Democratic party."[65][66] It has received backlash and criticism for several nominations of Republicans, when their Democratic opponents scored higher on HRC's own index.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}

HRC was criticized for its endorsement of New York Republican Al D'Amato in his 1998 campaign for re-election to the U.S. Senate. HRC defended the endorsement because of D'Amato's support for the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) and the repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell". However, many liberal LGBT leaders objected to D'Amato's conservative stances, including his opposition to affirmative action and abortion, and felt that HRC should have taken those positions into account when deciding on the endorsement.[67]

In 2014, long-time supporter of same-sex marriage Shenna Bellows was nominated for a U.S. Senate seat in Maine. HRC endorsed her opponent, incumbent Republican Senator Susan Collins, who had previously lacked a history of supporting marriage equality initiatives. However, Collins later clarified her view in support of LGBT marriage equality.[68]

On March 11, 2016, HRC voted to endorse Republican US Senator Mark Kirk over his Democratic Party challenger Representative Tammy Duckworth in his re-election bid to the US Senate.[69] Though Kirk later announced his support for same-sex marriage, the endorsement was met with widespread surprise and criticism in news media and social media as HRC had given Kirk a score of 78 percent out of 100 percent on LGBT issues, while it had awarded Duckworth a score of 100 percent.[70][71][72] David Nir at Daily Kos called the endorsement as "appalling as it is embarrassing" and "pathetic and stupid",[73] while Slate observed that Democratic control of the Senate was effectively necessary for passing the Equality Act of 2015 and beneficial for many other LGBT equality issues, and thus it would be in line with the organization's stated goals for Duckworth to be elected rather than Kirk.[74] Meanwhile, The New Republic stated that, in light of a recent internal report revealing HRC's "serious diversity problem", "Choosing the white male candidate in this race over the Asian-American female candidate—someone who happens to have a better voting record anyway—is probably the worst way of convincing your detractors that you are taking a core problem seriously."[75] HRC president Chad Griffin defended the endorsement in a column published by the Independent Journal Review, describing the senator's work on behalf of LGBT equality issues, including co-sponsoring the Equality Act of 2015. Griffin stated: "The truth is we need more cross party cooperation on issues of equality, not less", adding "when members of Congress vote the right way and stand up for equality — regardless of party — we must stand with them. We simply cannot ask members of Congress to vote with us, and then turn around and try to kick them out of office."[70][72]

On October 28, 2016, on the day following Mark Kirk's controversial[76] debate comment on Tammy Duckworth's heritage, HRC explicitly stated their endorsement of Kirk "remains unchanged" while asking him to "rescind" his comment.[77] Slate stated this proved HRC's "worst critics right" and that HRC "is simply irredeemable".[76] On October 29, two days after the comment, HRC described Kirk's statement as "deeply offensive and racist,"[78] revoked its endorsement of Kirk, and instead endorsed Duckworth for the U.S. Senate.[78]

2016 United States presidential endorsement

On January 19, 2016, the Human Rights Campaign's 32-person Board of Directors voted to endorse Hillary Clinton for president.[79] This resulted in considerable controversy,[80][81][82] causing thousands of users on HRC's Facebook page to post comments critical of the decision.[83] Many cited HRC's own "congressional scorecard" (which records a 100% rating for her rival for the Democratic nomination, Bernie Sanders, while Clinton herself only scores 89%[84]) as inconsistent with their endorsement.[83] Additional scrutiny was also placed upon the connections Clinton herself has to the organization when it was revealed that HRC's President, Chad Griffin, had previously been employed by Clinton's husband, former US President Bill Clinton.[85]

2018 New York gubernatorial election endorsement

On January 31, 2018, the Human Rights Campaign endorsed incumbent governor Andrew Cuomo.[86] However, Cynthia Nixon, who is bisexual, announced that she was running on March 25, 2018.[87] Despite this, HRC still supported Cuomo. In response, HRC received criticism for not supporting an LGBTQ+ candidate, and supporting her opponent instead.[88] Jimmy Van Bramer, a gay New York City Council Member who endorsed Nixon, said, "The HRC endorsement hurts Cynthia Nixon's chances," and that "coming out against a viable progressive queer woman is the wrong thing to do."[89]

Awards

The Human Rights Campaign gives out a number of awards.

Visibility Award winners
  • Amandla Stenberg (2019, New York)
  • Evan Rachel Wood (2017)[90]
  • John Barrowman (2016)
  • Colton Haynes (2016)
  • Kesha (2016, Nashville)
  • Clea Duvall (2015)
  • Greg Rikaart (2014, National)
  • Jonathan Del Arco (2013, National)
  • Lana Wachowski (2012, San Francisco)
  • Lee Daniels (2010, National)
  • Johnny Weir (2010, Seattle)
Ally for Equality Award winners
  • Christina Aguilera (2019)
  • Nick Robinson (2018)
  • Meryl Streep (2017)
  • LeAnn Rimes (2017)
  • Uzo Aduba (2017)
  • Sherri Saum (2016)
  • Natasha Lyonne (2015)
  • Teri Polo (2015)
  • Sara Ramirez (2015, Arizona)
  • Jennifer Lopez (2014, National),
  • Whoopi Goldberg (2013, National)[91]
  • Sally Field (2012, National), Jennifer Beals (2012, Chicago)
  • Michael Bloomberg (2011, National)
  • P!nk (2010)
Equality Award
  • Seth Meyers (2017, National)
  • NAACP and its president, Ben Jealous (2012, National)
  • Suze Orman (2008, National)
HRC Award for Workplace Equality Innovation
  • Monsanto (2017)[92]
  • Boston Consulting Group and Goldman Sachs (2011, National)
  • Kimpton Hotels & Restaurants and Credit Suisse (2010)
  • Kirkland & Ellis LLP and Boeing (2009, National)

See also

{{Portal|District of Columbia|LGBT}}
  • Gay community
  • List of LGBT rights organizations
  • "All God's Children" Campaign
{{Clear}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|title=IRS Form 990 FY18|url=https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/HRC-990-FY18.pdf|website=Human Rights Campaign|publisher=Internal Revenue Service|accessdate=29 January 2019}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/08/10/gay.forum/|title=Democratic hopefuls pressed on gay issues at forum|date=August 10, 2007|work=CNN|accessdate=November 9, 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN FOUNDATION|url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521481896|publisher=ProPublica|accessdate=16 September 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Human Rights Campaign|url=http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=521243457|website=OpenSecrets.org|publisher=Center for Responsive Politics|accessdate=16 September 2015}}
5. ^{{cite news|last1=Leven|first1=Rachel|title=Human Rights Campaign creates super-PAC|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/fundraising/202105-human-rights-campaign-creates-super-pac|accessdate=16 September 2015|publisher=The Hill|date=January 3, 2012}}
6. ^{{cite news|last=Harmon|first=Andrew|title=Chad Griffin Named President of HRC|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/daily-news/2012/03/02/chad-griffin-named-president-hrc|accessdate=November 9, 2015|newspaper=The Advocate|date=March 2, 2012}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=The HRC Story: Boards|url=https://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/boards|work=hrc.org|publisher=Human Rights Campaign|accessdate=August 24, 2012}}
8. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Lambert|first1=Bruce|title=Stephen R. Endean, 44, Founder Of Largest Gay Political Group|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/06/obituaries/stephen-r-endean-44-founder-of-largest-gay-political-group.html|accessdate=16 September 2015|publisher=New York Times|date=August 6, 1993}}
9. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Haggerty|first1=George|last2=Zimmerman|first2=Bonnie|title=Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures|date=2003|publisher=Garland Science|isbn=9781135578718|page=710}}
10. ^{{cite journal|last=Birch|first=Elizabeth|title=The Human Rights Campaign: So Much More Than a Fund.|year=Fall 1995|publisher=Human Rights Campaign|pages=2–3|url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/human_rights_campaign.html|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213150637/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/human_rights_campaign.html|archivedate=2012-02-13|df=}}
11. ^1 {{cite book|last=Bailey|first=Mark|title="Human Rights Campaign." Gay Histories and Cultures|year=2000|publisher=Garland|location=New York|url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/human_rights_campaign.html|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213150637/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/human_rights_campaign.html|archivedate=2012-02-13|df=}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|last=Althafer|first=Emily|title=Leading gay rights advocate to speak at UF|url=http://news.ufl.edu/2006/01/23/human-rights-talk/|publisher=University of Florida News: source: Adelisse Fontanet, xxx-1665 ext. 326|accessdate=February 22, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060916211856/http://news.ufl.edu/2006/01/23/human-rights-talk/|archivedate=September 16, 2006|df=}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=The HRC Story: About Our Logo|url=https://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/about-our-logo|publisher=Human Rights Campaign|accessdate=February 22, 2012}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=More Artists Added to Equality Rocks: Michael Feinstein, Chaka Khan, Kathy Najimy and Rufus Wainwright Join Garth Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, Melissa Etheridge, Anne Heche, Kristen Johnston, kd lang, Nathan Lane and Pet Shop Boys To Benefit the Human Rights Campaign Foundation|url=http://www.nyrock.com/worldbeat/04_2000/041200a.asp|publisher=nyrock.com World Beat|accessdate=February 22, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115095023/http://www.nyrock.com/worldbeat/04_2000/041200a.asp|archivedate=November 15, 2012|df=}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Resources: Hate Crimes Timeline|url=https://www.hrc.org/resources/entry/hate-crimes-timeline#2000|publisher=Human Rights Campaign|accessdate=February 22, 2012}}
16. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Seelye|first1=Katharine|title=Gay Advocacy Group Says Its President Is Resigning|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/01/politics/gay-advocacy-group-says-its-president-is-resigning.html|accessdate=15 September 2015|publisher=New York Times|date=December 1, 2004}}
17. ^1 {{cite news|title=Joe Solmonese Named Human Rights Campaign President: Leader with Unmatched Record to Embark on Heartland Tour during First Week on Job|url=https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/entry/joe-solmonese-named-human-rights-campaign-president|accessdate=February 22, 2012|newspaper=Human Rights Campaign|date=March 9, 2005}}
18. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/17/AR2009121704330.html | work=The Washington Post | first=Nikita | last=Stewart | title=Fenty to sign same-sex marriage bill at church in NW D.C | date=December 18, 2009}}
19. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/09/AR2010030901904.html | work=The Washington Post | first1=Ann E. | last1=Marimow | first2=Keith L. | last2=Alexander | title=First gay marriages in District performed | date=March 10, 2010}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Story?id=3466074&page=1|title=Dems Court the Gay Vote|author=ABC News|date=|work=ABC News}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=After 22 Years, HIV Travel and Immigration Ban Lifted|url=https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/entry/after-22-years-hiv-travel-and-immigration-ban-lifted|publisher=Human Rights Campaign|accessdate=February 22, 2012}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://miamiherald.typepad.com/gaysouthflorida/2010/01/hrc-after-22-years-hiv-travel-and-immigration-ban-lifted.html#ixzz0sxMtcovD|title=HRC: After 22 years, HIV travel and immigration ban lifted - Steve Rothaus' Gay South Florida|author=|date=|work=typepad.com}}
23. ^{{cite web|url = http://metroweekly.com/poliglot/2011/08/hrcs-solmonese-to-step-down.html|title = HRC's Solmonese to Step Down, Sources Say No Replacement Has Been Selected|author = Chris Geidner|date = August 27, 2011|publisher = Metro Weekly|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120229055653/http://metroweekly.com/poliglot/2011/08/hrcs-solmonese-to-step-down.html|archivedate = February 29, 2012|df = }}
24. ^1 {{cite web|url = http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2012/03/02/Chad_Griffin_Named_President_of_HRC/|title = Chad Griffin Named President of HRC|date = March 2, 2012|author = Andrew Harmon|publisher = The Advocate|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120304075113/http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2012/03/02/Chad_Griffin_Named_President_of_HRC/|archivedate = March 4, 2012|df = }}
25. ^{{cite web|title=HRC 2012: Unprecedented Mobilization for Equality|url=https://www.hrc.org/election|accessdate=March 8, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202193611/https://www.hrc.org/election/|archivedate=February 2, 2013|df=}}
26. ^{{cite news|title=Gay rights advocates welcome Election Day results for a change|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/decision2012/gay-rights-advocates-welcome-election-day-results-for-a-change/2012/11/07/66c48ab6-28a5-11e2-bab2-eda299503684_story.html|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=March 8, 2013|first=Ned|last=Martel|date=November 8, 2012}}
27. ^{{cite news|last1=Eilperin|first1=Juliet|title=Cindy McCain petitions husband to back gay rights bill|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/10/25/cindy-mccain-petitions-husband-to-back-gay-rights-bill/|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=3 November 2014|date=October 25, 2013}}
28. ^{{cite web |title=Statement from 43 National Organizations United in Opposition to Project Blitz and Similar Legislative Efforts |url=https://www.au.org/sites/default/files/2019-02/Organizations%20Opposed%20To%20Project%20Blitz%202.1.19.pdf |website=Americans United for the Separation of Church and State |accessdate=4 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204181049/https://www.au.org/sites/default/files/2019-02/Organizations%20Opposed%20To%20Project%20Blitz%202.1.19.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019}}
29. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/10/10/obama-says-he-will-end-do_n_316524.html|title=Obama HRC Speech: "I Will End Don't Ask, Don't Tell," Says President Obama|author=|date=October 10, 2009|work=The Huffington Post}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=About the Dinner: Previous Dinners|url=http://www.hrcnationaldinner.org/about/|publisher=hrcnationaldinner.org|accessdate=February 22, 2012}}
31. ^Lowery, George. (January 30, 2007) 25 years of gay-rights struggles traced in online exhibit The Cornell Chronicle of Cornell University. Retrieved July 29, 2007.
32. ^Cornell University Library. 25 Years of Political Influence:The Records of the Human Rights Campaign Cornell University. Retrieved July 29, 2007.
33. ^{{cite web|title=Mission Statement|url=https://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/mission-statement|publisher=Human Rights Campaign|accessdate=16 September 2015}}
34. ^{{cite news|last1=Nichols|first1=James Michael|title=Coming Out Of The Closet: Some Resources To Aid The Process|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/11/coming-out-resources_n_4085658.html|accessdate=16 September 2015|publisher=Huffington Post|date=October 11, 2013}}
35. ^{{cite news|title=Transgender Resources|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/transgender-kids/transgender-resources-n349076|accessdate=16 September 2015|publisher=NBC News|date=April 27, 2015}}
36. ^{{cite news|last1=Harrington|first1=Elizabeth|title=Sebelius, Human Rights Campaign Praise Each Other for Promoting LGBT Equality in Healthcare|url=http://cnsnews.com/news/article/sebelius-human-rights-campaign-praise-each-other-promoting-lgbt-equality-healthcare|accessdate=16 September 2015|publisher=CNS News|date=June 19, 2012}}
37. ^{{cite news|last1=Mitchell|first1=Elizabeth|title=2015 Corporate Equality Index Shows Highest-Ever Inclusion of LGBT Employees|url=http://www.adweek.com/prnewser/2015-corporate-equality-index-shows-highest-ever-inclusion-of-lgbt-employees/114717|accessdate=16 September 2015|publisher=PR Newser|date=June 1, 2015}}
38. ^{{cite news|last1=Phelps|first1=Timothy|title=Gay-rights advocates now turn focus to employment, housing|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/gay-rights-advocates-now-turn-focus-to-employment-housing-discrimination-laws/|accessdate=16 September 2015|publisher=Seattle Times|date=June 26, 2015}}
39. ^{{cite news|last1=Eckholm|first1=Erik|title=Gay rights fight shifts to anti-discrimination laws|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/local-news/20150628-gay-rights-fight-shifts-to-anti-discrimination-laws.ece|accessdate=16 September 2015|publisher=Dallas Morning News|date=June 28, 2015}}
40. ^{{cite news|title=Obama signs hate crimes bill into law|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/10/28/hate.crimes/|accessdate=16 September 2015|publisher=CNN|date=October 28, 2009}}
41. ^{{cite news|last1=Petty|first1=Janie|title=Tallahassee memorial highlighted in Healthcare Equality Index 2014|url=http://www.tallahassee.com/story/life/chronicle/2014/11/21/tallahassee-memorial-highlighted-healthcare-equality-index/19333703/|accessdate=16 September 2015|publisher=The Tallahassee Democrat|date=November 21, 2014}}
42. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/15/AR2010041505502.html | work=The Washington Post | first=Michael D. | last=Shear | title=Obama extends hospital visitation rights to same-sex partners of gays | date=April 16, 2010}}
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44. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/about-our-logo|title = About Our Logo|publisher = Human Rights Campaign}}
45. ^{{cite web|url = http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/HRC/exhibition/images/570pxw/REX023_091.jpg|title = Old HRCF logo on lapel|publisher = Cornell University}}
46. ^[https://shop.hrc.org/hrc-equality-flag.html/ HRC Store page selling Equality Flag]
47. ^{{cite news|last=Thielman|first=Sam|title=DOMA Nation: The Human Rights Campaign had no idea this was going to happen|url=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/doma-nation-148206|accessdate=June 9, 2013|newspaper=Adweek|date=March 28, 2013}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://wjla.com/features/working-women/working-women-anastasia-khoo-builds-viral-content-for-human-rights-campaign-108694|title=Working Women: Anastasia Khoo builds viral content for Human Rights Campaign|author=Alison Starling|date=|work=wjla.com}}
49. ^{{cite news|last=Brettman|first=Allan|title=From Nike to marriage equality, controversy can be a good thing|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2013/03/from_nike_to_marriage_equality.html|accessdate=June 9, 2013|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=March 30, 2013}}
50. ^{{cite web|last=Maresca|first=Cara|title=Seeing red: Symbol for marriage equality goes viral|url=http://tv.msnbc.com/2013/03/26/seeing-red-human-rights-campaigns-marriage-equality-logo-goes-viral|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=April 18, 2013}}
51. ^{{cite news|last=Yang|first=Mackenzie|title=What Is the Red Equal Sign All Over Facebook and Twitter?|url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/03/26/what-is-the-red-equal-sign-all-over-facebook-and-twitter/|accessdate=April 18, 2013|work=Time|date=March 26, 2013}}
52. ^{{cite web|last=Fox|first=Zoe|title=Facebook Turns Red as SCOTUS Marriage Equality Hearings Begin|url=http://mashable.com/2013/03/26/facebook-red-marriage-equality/|accessdate=April 18, 2013}}
53. ^{{cite news|last=Neal|first=Mann|title=Gay-Marriage Symbol Goes Viral|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2013/03/26/gay-marriage-symbol-goes-viral/?mod=e2tw|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=April 18, 2013}}
54. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/chrisgeidner/internal-report-major-diversity-organizational-problems-at-h#.ejaYK5MjO|title=Internal Report: Major Diversity, Organizational Problems At Human Rights Campaign|date=June 3, 2015|publisher=BuzzFeed|last1=Geider|first1=Chris|accessdate=16 September 2015}}
55. ^{{cite news|last1=Brydum|first1=Sunnivie|title=Pride at Work Tells HRC: 'Enough Is Enough'|url=http://www.advocate.com/business/2015/08/30/pride-work-tells-human-rights-campaign-enough-enough|accessdate=16 September 2015|publisher=The Advocate|date=August 30, 2015}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=http://citizenchris.typepad.com/citizenchris/2007/03/the_nations_lar.html|title=Citizen Crain: Cooking the books at HRC|author=|date=|work=typepad.com}}
57. ^{{cite web|url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/03/hrc_responds_1.html|title=HRC Responds|author=|date=|work=The Atlantic}}
58. ^1 HRC 'members' include all who ever donated $1 – Washington Blade {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715035410/http://www.cross-nation.com/dnf-092008-hrcnumbersgame.html|date=2012-07-15}} originally here   {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907170419/http://washingtonblade.com/2005/5-6/news/national/members.cfm|date=2008-09-07}}
59. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.queerty.com/hrc-took-home-7-9-million-less-in-2010-not-that-joe-solmonese-got-paid-any-less-20101025|title=HRC Took Home $7.9 Million Less In 2010. Not That Joe Solmonese Got Paid Any Less|last=TEDDER|first=RYAN|date=2010-10-25|access-date=2017-06-12}}
60. ^Schindler, Paul. (October 4, 2007) HRC Alone in Eschewing No-Compromise Stand {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409024947/http://www.gaycitynews.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=18883568&BRD=2729&PAG=461&dept_id=568864&rfi=6 |date=2008-04-09 }} Gay City News. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
61. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid49565.asp |title=Donna Rose on Why She Resigned as the Only Transgender Member of HRC's Board |date=October 4, 2007 |accessdate=April 2, 2013 |work=The Advocate |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919202932/http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid49565.asp |archivedate=September 19, 2008 }}
62. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.edgesanfrancisco.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=glbt&sc2=features&sc3=&id=77775|title=HRC's ENDA dilemma: Dine, party or boycott?|date=July 22, 2008|accessdate=March 25, 2011|publisher=EDGE Publications, Inc.|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130121202635/http://www.edgesanfrancisco.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=glbt&sc2=features&sc3=&id=77775|archivedate=January 21, 2013|df=}}
63. ^{{cite web|last=Sandeen|first=Autumn|title=ENDA Passed Without "Real Or Perceived Gender" Protections|url=http://pamshouseblend.firedoglake.com/2007/11/07/enda-passed-without-real-or-perceived-gender-protections/|publisher=pamhouseblend.com|accessdate=February 22, 2012}}
64. ^{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924063629/http://www.pamspaulding.com/graphics/LCCR_ENDA_+Letter.pdf|title=Wayback Machine|author=|date=24 September 2015|website=archive.org|accessdate=16 March 2018}}
65. ^Sullivan, Andrew. (February 19, 2007) The Human Rights Campaign (Blech) The Atlantic Monthly. Retrieved July 29, 2007.
66. ^Sullivan, Andrew. "My Alliance with the Christianists" Theatlantic.com
67. ^Kaiser, Charles. (July 18, 2000) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2MEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA72 The D'Amato Factor] The Advocate. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
68. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/25/susan-collins-human-rights-campaign_n_5530867.html|title=Susan Collins Endorsed By Major Gay Rights Group, Despite Not Backing Marriage Equality|author=|date=June 25, 2014|work=The Huffington Post}}
69. ^[https://www.hrc.org/press/human-rights-campaign-endorses-senator-mark-kirk-for-re-election Human Rights Campaign endorses Senator Mark Kirk for re-election, HRC press release, March 11, 2016]. Retrieved 2016-04-09
70. ^1 HRC Defends Endorsing a Republican for Senate, The Advocate, March 24, 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-09
71. ^How the Human Rights Campaign Is Helping the GOP to Retain the Senate, Michelangelo Signorile, The Huffington Post, March 25, 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-09
72. ^1 Why the nation's largest gay rights group endorsed Kirk over Duckworth, Illinois Review, March 24, 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-09
73. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailykos.com/story/2016/3/21/1504481/-Shameful-Gay-rights-group-endorses-Republican-Mark-Kirk-over-Democrat-Tammy-Duckworth|title=Shameful: Gay rights group endorses Republican Mark Kirk over Democrat Tammy Duckworth|last=Nir|first=David|date=22 March 2016|website=Daily Kos|publisher=|access-date=23 August 2016}}
74. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2016/03/22/hrc_endorses_mark_kirk_over_tammy_duckworth.html|title=Why Did a Major Gay Rights Group Endorse a Republican Senator Over a Pro-LGBTQ Democrat?|last=Stern|first=Mark J.|date=22 March 2016|website=Slate|publisher=|access-date=23 August 2016}}
75. ^{{cite web|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/131906/human-rights-campaign-proving-bernie-right|title=The Human Rights Campaign Is Proving Bernie Right|last=Sasson|first=Eric|date=23 March 2016|website=The New Republic|publisher=|access-date=23 August 2016}}
76. ^1 Human Rights Campaign Maintains Endorsement of Sen. Mark Kirk After Racist Comment Slate. By Mark Joseph Stern. Oct. 28 2016.
77. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/jbendery/status/792020856159375360|title=Jennifer Bendery on Twitter: "Human Rights Campaign standing by its Mark Kirk endorsement, but spox says he must "rescind his comments" re: Tammy Duckworth's heritage."|author=Jennifer BenderyVerified account|date=2016-10-28|publisher=Twitter.com|accessdate=2017-07-15}}
78. ^1 {{cite press release|title=HRC Revokes Endorsement Following Racist Comments of Senator Mark Kirk|date=29 October 2016|url=https://www.hrc.org/blog/hrc-revokes-endorsement-following-racist-comments-of-senator-mark-kirk|accessdate=29 October 2016|author=Human Rights Campaign}}
79. ^{{cite news|title=Human Rights Campaign Endorses Hillary Clinton for President|url=https://www.hrc.org/blog/human-rights-campaign-endorses-hillary-clinton-for-president|accessdate=24 January 2016|publisher=hrc.org|date=19 January 2016}}
80. ^http://realprogressivepolitics.com/human-rights-campaign-endorsement-of-clinton-sparks-huge-controversy/
81. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ken-schneck-phd/hrcs-endorsement-of-hilla_b_9020898.html |title=HRC's Endorsement of Hillary Clinton Was Disingenuous and Unnecessary | HuffPost |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |date= |accessdate=2017-07-15}}
82. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michelangelo-signorile/this-week-the-human-right_b_9030106.html |title=How an Early Endorsement From Largest LGBT Group May Reveal Hillary Clinton's Worst Fears | HuffPost |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |date= |accessdate=2017-07-15}}
83. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/humanrightscampaign/posts_to_page/|title=Human Rights Campaign|author=|date=|website=www.facebook.com|accessdate=16 March 2018}}
84. ^SCORECARD CONGRESSIONAL - MEASURING S UPPORT F OR EQUALITY IN THE 113TH CONGRESS HRC
85. ^{{cite web|last=Gorman |first=Michele |url=http://www.newsweek.com/human-rights-campaign-endorses-hillary-clinton-417396 |title=Human Rights Campaign Endorses Hillary Clinton |publisher=Newsweek.com |date=2015-10-03 |accessdate=2017-07-15}}
86. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrc.org/press/hrc-endorses-gov.-cuomo-for-re-election-announces-cuomo-will-address-nyc-ga|title=HRC Endorses Gov. Cuomo for Re-Election {{!}} Human Rights Campaign|last=Campaign|first=Human Rights|website=Human Rights Campaign|language=en|access-date=2018-09-04}}
87. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/politics/albany/2018/03/19/cynthia-nixon-run-new-york-governor/438775002/|title='Sex and the City' actress Cynthia Nixon to run for New York governor|work=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle|access-date=2018-09-04|language=en}}
88. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/hrc-fails-endorse-bisexual-cynthia-nixon-ny-governor/#gs.3gn3e3E|title=HRC fails to endorse queer woman Cynthia Nixon in New York's gubernatorial race|date=2018-08-25|work=Gay Star News|access-date=2018-09-04|language=en-US}}
89. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/dominicholden/hrc-campaigning-for-andrew-cuomo-over-cynthia-nixon|title=The Country's Top LGBT Group Is Campaigning Against A Queer Democratic Woman, And Some People Are Pissed|work=BuzzFeed News|access-date=2018-09-04|language=en}}
90. ^{{cite web|url=http://bicommunitynews.co.uk/5563/evan-rachel-wood-receives-hrc-visibility-award/ |title=Evan Rachel Wood Receives the HRC Visibility Award |publisher=Bi Community News |date=2017-02-08 |accessdate=2017-07-15}}
91. ^Whoopi Goldberg To Receive Human Rights Campaign's Ally For Equality Award http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/15/whoopi-goldberg-hrc-ally-for-equality-lgbt-rights_n_2479146.html Retrieved November 26, 2014.
92. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/monsanto-was-named-one-of-the-most-lbgtq-friendly-companies-heres-why-the-lgbtq-community-is-pissed-5494235|title=LGBTQ People Are Pissed Monsanto Was Named An "LGBTQ-Friendly" Company — And Here’s Why|last=Rodriguez-Cayro|first=Kyli|work=Bustle|access-date=2018-06-02|language=en}}

External links

  • [https://www.hrc.org/ Human Rights Campaign's official website]
  • The Records of the Human Rights Campaign at the Cornell Library
{{LGBT}}

8 : Human rights organizations based in the United States|Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.|Organizations that support same-sex marriage|LGBT political advocacy groups in the United States|History of LGBT civil rights in the United States|LGBT culture in Washington, D.C.|1980 establishments in Washington, D.C.|Organizations established in 1980
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