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词条 IAR 330
释义

  1. Design and development

     Production  SOCAT version  Naval version 

  2. Variants

  3. Operators

  4. Notable incidents

  5. Specifications (IAR-330L)

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

name = IAR 330 Pumaimage = File:!IAR-330 Puma SOCAT antitank gunship 2 (cropped).jpgcaption = IAR 330 SOCAT

}}{{Infobox aircraft type

type = Utility helicopter/gunship/naval helicoptermanufacturer = Industria Aeronautică Românădesigner =first flight = 22 October 1975introduced =retired =status = In serviceprimary user = Romanian Air Forcemore users = Romanian Navy
United Arab Emirates Air Force
Sudan Air Force		produced = 1975–presentnumber built = ≥ 163[1]unit cost =developed from = Aérospatiale SA 330 Pumavariants with their own articles=
}}

The IAR 330 is the Romanian-built version of the Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma helicopter, manufactured by IAR Brașov. Twenty-four helicopters were upgraded to IAR 330 SOCAT in cooperation with Elbit Systems (Israel).[2]

Design and development

Production

Despite being a COMECON and Warsaw Pact member, Romania strove for some measure of independence from the USSR. Instead of buying popular Soviet designs, Romania bought a licence to manufacture the French Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma on 30 July 1974. The first licensed helicopter was flown on 22 October 1975 under the designation IAR-330L.[1]

At least 163 of these helicopters have been built, out of which 104 were assigned to Romania's military, 2 were retained by the manufacturer and 57 were produced for export[1] (Pakistan, Ivory Coast, United Arab Emirates, Sudan, Ecuador). There is also a search and rescue (SAR) version, fitted with inflatable floats for emergency landing at sea, which has been built in a small batch. Production is still ongoing at the Industria Aeronautică Română plant at Ghimbav near Brașov.

SOCAT version

In the 1990s, the Romanian Air Force decided to enhance the combat capabilities of the IAR 330L, making it a universal anti-tank and support helicopter. At that time, Romania started to cooperate with Israel on some military programs. The Israeli company Elbit Systems was chosen, and in September 1995 the Romanian Air Force signed a contract to upgrade 24 helicopters with the SOCAT system (Sistem Optronic de Cercetare și Anti-Tanc).[1] The first IAR 330L SOCAT was flown on 26 May 1998, from IAR's airfield in Ghimbav, near Brașov. On 23 October 1999, the second prototype flew. The first IAR 330L SOCAT was delivered to a combat unit in 2001. In all, 25 SOCATs were made, including the prototype, rebuilt to production standard in 2005.[1]

The IAR 330M NATO is a modernized transport version with the SOCAT version's avionics, but without weapons and optronic systems. Among others, it has a weather radar. Twelve IAR 330Ls were modernized to 330M standard between 2005 and 2008.[1]

Naval version

The first IAR 330 NAVAL helicopter was officially unveiled at Ghimbav on 30 January 2007. The Romanian Naval Forces ordered three of this variant. The helicopter is in a similar configuration to the Romanian Air Force variant, including the SOCAT upgrade package; the Navy aircraft also have flotation gear fitted under the nose and main undercarriage fairings. They are operated from Navy frigates for search and rescue, medevac and maritime surveillance missions.[3]

Variants

  • IAR 330H – initial model (1975–1977).
  • IAR 330L – improved model (1977–present).
  • IAR 330M – modernized variant.
  • IAR 330L SOCAT – attack helicopter.
  • IAR 330 NAVAL – naval helicopter.
  • IAR 330 SM – export configuration for UAE.

Operators

{{CIV}}
  • Ivory Coast Air Force – 4[4]
{{COD}}
  • Air Force of the DRC – 1[4]
{{KEN}}
  • Kenya Air Force – 9[4]
{{LBN}}
  • Lebanese Air Force – 6[4]
{{PAK}}
  • Pakistan Army – 4[4][5]
{{ROM}}
  • Romanian Air Force – 56[6][7]
  • Romanian Navy - 3[7]
{{SUD}}
  • Sudanese Air Force - 10[4][7]
{{UAE}}
  • United Arab Emirates Air Force - 10[4][8]

Notable incidents

  • An IAR 330 was presumably shot at and crash-landed on December 23, 1989 during a transport flight near Alba Iulia, killing the crew of three and two passengers.[9]
  • An IAR 330 SOCAT crashed on August 16, 2001 during a training flight shortly after take-off from Titu Air Base. The crash occurred at an altitude of 50 meters (165 ft.), wounding the crew.[1]
  • An IAR 330 SOCAT helicopter, belonging to the 90th Airlift Base, crashed on November 7, 2007, in Ungheni, 30 km south of Pitești, Argeș County, during a night training mission, killing all three crew members.[10]
  • An IAR 330 SOCAT crashed on March 7, 2013 in Berești-Bistrița, near Bacău, during a training flight, killing two crew members and wounding three other crew members. Romanian Air Force and Navy grounded the entire IAR 330 SOCAT fleet pending an investigation into the crash.[11]
  • An IAR-330 MEDEVAC crashed on November 21, 2014 in Mălâncrav, near Sibiu, during a training flight, killing eight military personnel and injuring two others.[12]

Specifications (IAR-330L)

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1992–1993[13]
|prime units?=met


|crew=1–3
|capacity=16 fully equipped troops
|length m=18.15
|length note= (overall), {{convert|14.06|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|height m=5.14
|empty weight kg=3615
|empty weight lb=
|empty weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=7400


|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=Turboméca Turmo IVC
|eng1 type=turboshaft engines
|eng1 kw=1175
|rot number=1
|rot dia m=15.00
|rot area sqm=176.7


|cruise speed kmh=271
|cruise speed note=(max cruise)
|never exceed speed kmh=294
|range km=572
|ceiling m=6000
|climb rate ms=9.2
|more performance=


|armament=

  • 2 x 23mm single barrel NR-23 gun pods (on the sides of the nose) with 400 rounds each (optional)[14]
  • LPR 57 unguided rocket launcher (optional, on 4 hardpoints)[14]
  • 2 x 7.62 mm caliber door mounted machine guns[14] (usually only one mounted on the starboard side)
  • Malyutka wire guided ATGM (4 rails above the hardpoints, used only on trials)
  • 50 or 100 kg bombs (4 hardpoints, used only on trials)

Puma SOCAT{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

  • Nexter THL-20 20mm automatic cannon (chin mounted) with 750 rounds
  • LPR 57 unguided rocket launcher (inner 2 hardpoints)
  • 8 RAFAEL Spike-ER anti-tank guided missiles (outer 2 hardpoints)
  • Nexter NC-621 20mm gun pod with 180 rounds (outer 2 hardpoints, used only on trials)

}}

See also

{{aircontent
|see also=
|related=
  • Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma
  • Atlas Oryx

|similar aircraft=
  • Eurocopter AS532 Cougar
  • Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma

|lists=
  • List of rotorcraft

}}

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Marnix Sap, Carlo Brummer: Fortele Aeriene Romane in: Lotnictwo Nr. 4/2010, pp. 40–41 {{pl icon}}
2. ^IAR-330 Puma SOCAT {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007120023/http://www.roaf.ro/en/dotare/socat_en.php |date=2007-10-07 }}
3. ^First IAR 330 Puma Naval helicopter enters Romanian Naval Forces service {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623183227/http://www.zf.ro/articol_132511/primul_elicopter_iar_330_puma_naval_intra_maine_in_serviciul_fnr.html |date=2008-06-23 }}, Ziarul Financiar, July 12, 2007. Retrieved on July 20, 2008.
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Arms Transfers Database|url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|publisher=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute|accessdate=19 February 2013}}
5. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/iar-330l-puma-helicopter-romania/ |title=IAR 330 Puma |publisher= airforce-technology.com |date=|accessdate=17 February 2013}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}
6. ^IISS Military Balance 2010
7. ^1 2 {{cite web |last = |first = |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/101015/world-air-forces-2013.pdf |title = World Air Forces 2013 |work= |publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2013 |doi = |accessdate= 15 February 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Defence-Weekly-2010/Lebanon-takes-delivery-of-three-more-IAR-330-Pumas.html |title= Lebanon takes delivery of three more IAR 330 Pumas |publisher= Janes-Defence-Weekly-2010|date=|accessdate=17 February 2013}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/special/documentare/oameni-cheie-ai-revolutiei-au-murit-suspect-113939 |title=Oameni-cheie ai Revolutiei au murit suspect |language=ro |author=Carol Harsan |date=December 18, 2007 |website=romanialibera.ro}}
10. ^Helicopter crashed near Piteşti killing three people aboard, Antena 3, November 7, 2007.
11. ^"Helicopter crashed near Bacau killing two and wounding three crew"
12. ^"8 Military Dead in Helicopter Crash in Romania"
13. ^Lambert 1992, p. 193.
14. ^1 2 IAR-330 Puma {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326005041/http://www.roaf.ro/en/dotare/iar330_en.php |date=2011-03-26 }} at Romanian Air Forces official page [retrieved 18-5-2011]
  • {{cite magazine|last= Lake|first= Jon |title=Variant File: Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma|work=International Air Power Review|volume=2| date= Fall 2001|location= Norwalk, Connecticut USA|publisher= AIRtime Publishing|isbn= 1-880588-34-X|issn=1473-9917| pp=96–107}}
  • {{cite book|editor-last=Lambert|editor-first=Mark|title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1992–93|year=1992|publisher=Jane's Defence Data |location= Coulsdon, UK |isbn=0-7106-0987-6 |ref=harv}}

External links

{{Commons category|IAR 330}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20071114132124/http://www.roaf.ro/en/index_en.htm Official homepage of the Romanian Air Force]
  • Manufacturer's Homepage
{{IAR Aircraft}}

6 : Military helicopters|Romanian military utility aircraft 1970–1979|Romanian helicopters 1970–1979|Twin-turbine helicopters|Aircraft first flown in 1975|IAR aircraft
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