1. History of the Dukedom
    Dukes of Richmond and Somerset (1525)  Dukes of Richmond (1623)  Dukes of Richmond (1641)  Dukes of Richmond (1675) 

2. Line of succession

3. Coat of arms (full achievement)

4. Family Tree

5. See also

6. Notes

7. References

8. Further reading

Duke of Richmond is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created four times in British history. It has been held by members of the royal Tudor and Stuart families.

The current dukedom of Richmond was created in 1675{{efn|Lennox's mother was a Breton noble, and it is thought that the Richmond title was chosen to allude to the extinct Earldom of Richmond which was held between 1136 and 1384 by members of the ducal family of Brittany.}} for Charles Lennox, the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England and a Breton noblewoman, Louise de Penancoët de Kérouaille; Charles Lennox was also made Duke of Lennox a month later. The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was furthermore created Duke of Gordon in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1876, meaning that the Duke holds three dukedoms— plus, in pretence, the French Duchy of Aubigny-sur-Nère— more than any other person in the realm.

History of the Dukedom

Prior to the creation of the Dukedom the early nobles of England associated with Richmondshire were Lords and Earls of Richmond. At times the honour of Richmond was held without a title. The Dukedom of Richmond emerged under King Henry VIII.

The first creation of a dukedom of Richmond (as Duke of Richmond and Somerset) was made in 1525 for Henry FitzRoy, an illegitimate son of King Henry VIII. His mother was Elizabeth Blount. Upon the Duke's death without children in 1536, his titles became extinct.

The second creation was in 1623 for Ludovic Stuart, 2nd Duke of Lennox (see Lennox (district)) (1574–1624), who also held other titles in the peerage of Scotland. He was created Earl of Richmond and Baron Settrington in 1613 and Duke of Richmond in the peerage of England in 1623 as a member of the Lennox line (not unlike King James himself) in the House of Stuart. These became extinct at his death in 1624, but his Scottish honours devolved on his brother Esmé, Earl of March, who thus became 3rd Duke of Lennox in the peerage of Scotland. Esmé's son James, 4th Duke of Lennox (1612–1655) subsequently received the third creation of the dukedom of Richmond in 1641, when the two dukedoms again became united. In 1672, on the death of James' nephew Charles, 3rd Duke of Richmond and 6th Duke of Lennox, both titles again became extinct.^[1]

The fourth creation of the dukedom of Richmond was in August 1675, when Charles II granted the title to Charles Lennox, his illegitimate son by Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth. Charles Lennox was further created Duke of Lennox a month later. Charles' son, also Charles, succeeded to the French title Duke of Aubigny (of Aubigny-sur-Nère) on the death of his grandmother in 1734. The 6th Duke of Richmond and Lennox was created Duke of Gordon (See Clan Gordon) in 1876. Thus, the Duke holds three (four, if the French Aubigny claim is accepted) dukedoms, more than any other person in the realm.^[1]

The subsidiary titles of the dukedom created in 1675 are Earl of March (created 1675), Earl of Darnley (1675), Earl of Kinrara (1876), Baron Settrington, of Settrington in the County of York (1675), and Lord Torbolton (1675).

The Dukes of Richmond, Lennox and Gordon are normally styled Duke of Richmond and Gordon. Before the creation of the Dukedom of Gordon they were styled Duke of Richmond and Lennox. The titles Earl of March and Baron Settrington were created in the peerage of England along with the Dukedom of Richmond. The titles Earl of Darnley and Lord Torbolton were created in the Peerage of Scotland along with the Dukedom of Lennox. Finally, the title Earl of Kinrara was created in the peerage of the United Kingdom with the Dukedom of Gordon. The eldest son of the Duke uses the courtesy title Earl of March and Kinrara. Before the creation of the Dukedom of Gordon, the courtesy title used was Earl of March.

The family seat is Goodwood House near Chichester, West Sussex.

Dukes of Richmond and Somerset (1525)

Dukes of Richmond (1623)

Dukes of Richmond (1641)

Dukes of Richmond (1675)

The heir apparent is Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March and Kinrara (b. 1994), eldest son of the 11th Duke.

Line of succession

1. Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March and Kinrara (b. 1994), eldest son of the 11th Duke
2. Lord William Rupert Gordon-Lennox (b. 1996), second son of the 11th Duke
3. Lord Frederick Lysander Gordon-Lennox (b. 2000), third son of the 11th Duke
4. James David Charles Gordon-Lennox (b. 1944), great-grandson of the 7th Duke
5. Henry Charles Gordon-Lennox (b. 1976), great-great grandson of the 7th Duke
6. Charles William Gordon-Lennox (b. 2005), great-great-great grandson of the 7th Duke
7. Thomas Edward Charles Gordon-Lennox (b. 2009), great-great-great grandson of the 7th Duke
8. Edward Charles Gordon-Lennox (b. 1961), great-great grandson of the 7th Duke
9. Alexander Charles Gordon-Lennox (b. 1990), great-great-great grandson of the 7th Duke
10. Angus Charles Gordon-Lennox (b. 1964), great-great grandson of the 7th Duke
11. Geordie Charles Gordon-Lennox (b. 1998), great-great-great grandson of the 7th Duke
12. Charles Bernard Gordon-Lennox (b. 1970), great-great grandson of the 7th Duke
13. Archie Clement Gordon-Lennox (b. 2014), great-great-great grandson of the 7th Duke
14. Col. David Henry Charles Gordon-Lennox (b. 1935), great-grandson of the 7th Duke
15. Henry George Charles Gordon-Lennox (b. 1934), great-grandson of the 6th Duke
16. Ian Charles Gordon-Lennox (b. 1958), great-great grandson of the 6th Duke
17. Philip George Hugh Gordon-Lennox (b. 1963), great-great grandson of the 6th Duke
18. Thomas Charles Gordon-Lennox (b. 1991), great-great-great grandson of the 6th Duke
19. Alec George Gordon-Lennox (b. 1993), great-great-great grandson of the 6th Duke

Coat of arms (full achievement)

The earlier dukes (creations of 1623 and 1641) bore: Quarterly 1 and 4 azure three fleurs-de-lis and a bordure engrailed Or; 2 and 3 Or a fess chequy azure and argent, a bordure gules semy of buckles Or (Stewart of Bonkyl); overall an inescutcheon of Lennox.

Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset (creation of 1525), bore the Tudor royal arms (quarterly France and England) with a border quarterly ermine (for Brittany) and compony azure and argent (for Somerset), a baton sinister argent for bastardy, and overall an escutcheon of Nottingham.

Family Tree

KE3=King Edward III
(1312–r.1327–1377) }}

ERic=EARL OF RICHMOND, 1342 |

boxstyle_ERic=border-width:0px }}

JoG=John of Gaunt,
1st Earl of Richmond,
1st Duke of Lancaster
(1340–1399) }}

J1S=John Beaufort,
1st Earl of Somerset
(1373–1410) }}

J1S2=John Beaufort,
1st Duke of Somerset
(c.1403–1444) |

Ja4=James I
King of Scots
1394-1437
r.1406–1437 |

KJ1=Joan Beaufort
(c.1404–1445) |

JSL=James Stewart
the Black Knight of Lorn
~1399–~1451 }}

ERic2=EARL OF RICHMOND, 1452 |

boxstyle_ERic2=border-width:0px }}

MBR=Lady Margaret Beaufort
(1443–1509) |

KJ2=King James II of Scotland
(1430–r.1437–1460) |

J1A=John Stewart,
1st Earl of Atholl
(c.1440–1512) }}

KH7=Henry Tudor,
2nd Earl of Richmond
King Henry VII
(1457–r.1485–1509) |

KJ3=King James III of Scotland
(1451–r.1460–1488) |

MSA=Mary Stewart
(1453–1488) |

Jh7=James
Lord Hamilton
1415-1479
r.1445–1479 }}

KH8=King Henry VIII
(1491–r.1509–1547) |

Ja8=James IV
King of Scots
1473-1513
r.1488–1513 |

MTS=Margaret Tudor
(1489–1541) |

Ar8=Archibald Douglas
Earl of Angus
1489-1557
r.1514–1557 |

EL2=Elizabeth Hamilton |

Msl=Matthew Stewart,
2nd Earl of Lennox
1460–1513 }}

DL=DUKE OF RICHMOND
& SOMERSET, 1525 |

boxstyle_DL=border-width:0px }}

HFR=Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of
Richmond and Somerset
illegitimate
(1519–1536) |

boxstyle_HFR=background-color: #CCFFFF |

KJ5=King James V of Scotland
(1512–r.1513–1542) |

EL3=John Stewart,
3rd Earl of Lennox
(c.1490–1526) }}

MDL=Margaret Douglas
(1515–1578) |

EL4=Matthew Stewart,
4th Earl of Lennox
(1516–1571) |

J5A=John Stewart,
5th Seigneur d'Aubigny
(c.1519–1567) }}

MQS=Mary, Queen of Scots
(1542–1587, r.1542–1567) |

HLD=Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
(1545–1567) |

DL2=Duke of Lennox |

boxstyle_DL2=border-width:0px }}

D1=Esmé Stewart,
1st Duke of Lennox
(1542–1583) }}

DRic=DUKE OF RICHMOND, 1623 |

boxstyle_DRic=border-width:0px }}

KJ61=James VI & I
1566–1625
r.1567–1625 (Sc)
r.1603–1625 (En) |

D3=Esmé Stewart,
3rd Duke of Lennox
(1579–1624) |

D2=Ludovic Stewart,
2nd Duke of Lennox,
1st Duke of Richmond
(1574–1623) |

boxstyle_D2=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

DRic2=DUKE OF RICHMOND, 1641 |

boxstyle_DRic2=border-width:0px }}

KC1=King Charles I
(1600–r.1625–1649) |

D4=James Stewart,
4th Duke of Lennox,
1st Duke of Richmond
(1612–1655) |

boxstyle_D4=background-color: #CCFFFF |

G9A=George Stewart,
9th Seigneur d'Aubigny
(1619–1642) }}

KC2=King Charles II
(1630–r.1660–1685) |

D5=Esmé Stewart,
5th Duke of Lennox,
2nd Duke of Richmond
(1649–1660) |

boxstyle_D5=background-color: #CCFFFF |

D6=Charles Stewart,
6th Duke of Lennox,
3rd Duke of Richmond
(1639–1672) |

boxstyle_D6=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

DRL=DUKE OF RICHMOND, 1675
DUKE OF LENNOX, 1675 |

boxstyle_DRL=border-width:0px }}

D12=Charles Lennox,
1st Duke of
Richmond & Lennox
illegitimate
(1672–1723) |

boxstyle_D12=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

D22=Charles Lennox,
2nd Duke of
Richmond & Lennox
(1701–1750) |

boxstyle_D22=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

Lsis=Lennox sisters |

boxstyle_Lsis=border-width:0px }}

D32=Charles Lennox,
3rd Duke of
Richmond & Lennox
(1735–1806) |

boxstyle_D32=background-color: #CCFFFF |

LGL=Lord George Lennox
(1737–1805) }}

D42=Charles Lennox,
4th Duke of
Richmond & Lennox
(1764–1819) |

boxstyle_D42=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

D52=Charles Gordon-Lennox,
5th Duke of
Richmond & Lennox
(1791–1860) |

boxstyle_D52=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

DGor=DUKE OF GORDON, 1876 |

boxstyle_DGor=border-width:0px }}

D62=Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox,
6th Duke of
Richmond & Lennox,
1st Duke of Gordon
(1818–1903) |

boxstyle_D62=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

D7=Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox,
7th Duke of
Richmond & Lennox,
2nd Duke of Gordon
(1845–1928) |

boxstyle_D7=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

D8=Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox,
8th Duke of
Richmond & Lennox,
3rd Duke of Gordon
(1870–1935) |

boxstyle_D8=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

CHS=Charles Henry
Gordon-Lennox,
Lord Stettrington
(1899–1919) |

D9=Frederick Charles Gordon-Lennox,
9th Duke of
Richmond & Lennox,
4th Duke of Gordon
(1904–1989) |

boxstyle_D9=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

D10=Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox,
10th Duke of
Richmond & Lennox,
5th Duke of Gordon
(1929-2017) |

boxstyle_D10=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

D11=Charles Gordon-Lennox,
11th Dukeof
Richmond & Lennox,
6th Duke of Gordon
(b. 1955) |

boxstyle_D11=background-color: #CCFFFF }}

D122=Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox,
Earl of March and Kinrara
(b. 1994) }}

See also

• Earl of Newcastle

Notes

References

Further reading

• {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Lennox |volume=16 |pages=419–420}}
• thePeerage.com
• Tillyard, Stella. Aristocrats: Caroline, Emily, Louisa, and Sarah Lennox, 1740–1832. Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1994.
• Baird, Rosemary. Goodwood: Art and Architecture, Sport and Family, Frances Lincoln, 2007

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