| 词条 | Ilulissat | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| official_name = Ilulissat | other_name = {{lang|da|Jakobshavn}} | image_skyline = {{Photomontage |photo1a=The colors from Ilulissat - Greenland. - panoramio.jpg |photo1b=Ilulissat.jpg |photo2a=Sailing in the Icefjord.jpg |photo3a=Rasmussenhaus.JPG |photo3b=Ilulissat 4 Eglise Groenland 2009 Expédition ACarré.JPG |size=300 |position=center |color= white }} | image_caption = From upper left: Illumiut neighbourhood, Old town, Ilulissat Icefjord, Knud Rasmussen's Museum, Zion's Church | image_flag = | blank_flag_type = | blank_flag_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = Coat of arms | blank_emblem_size = 100px | blank_emblem_link = Avannaata |pushpin_map = Greenland |pushpin_relief = yes |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location within Greenland |pushpin_mapsize = 300px | image_map= | image_map1= | shield_size = | subdivision_type = State | subdivision_name = {{Flag|Kingdom of Denmark}} | subdivision_type1 = Constituent country | subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Greenland}} | subdivision_type2 = Municipality | subdivision_name2 = Avannaata | established_title = First mention | established_date = 16th century | established_title1 = City Status | established_date1 = 16th century | area_total_km2 = 11.25 | area_metro_km2 = 47.00 | area_footnotes = [1] | population_footnotes = [2] | population_as_of = 2018 (city, settlements) | population_total = 4905 | population_blank2_title = Ethnicity | population_blank2 = 90.98% Greenlandic 9.02% Other[3] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 4,491 (City of Ilulissat) | population_metro = 342 (Settlements: Ilimanaq, Oqaatsut, Qeqertaq and Saqqaq) | population_density_metro_km2 = 103.5 | timezone = WGT | utc_offset = -3 | timezone_DST = WGST | utc_offset_DST = -2 | elevation_min_m = 1 | elevation_max_m = 2010 | area_code = (+299) 94 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 3952 | coordinates = {{coord|69|13|N|51|06|W|type:city(4893)_region:GL|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | website = }} Ilulissat, formerly Jakobshavn or Jacobshaven,[4] is the municipal seat and largest town of the Avannaata municipality in western Greenland, located approximately {{convert|350|km|abbr=on}} north of the Arctic Circle. With the population of 4,541 as of 2013,[5] it is the third-largest city in Greenland, after Nuuk and Sisimiut. The city is home to almost as many sled-dogs as people. In direct translation, Ilulissat is the Kalaallisut word for "Icebergs" ({{lang-da|Isbjerge}}).[6] The nearby Ilulissat Icefjord is a UNESCO World Heritage Site,[7] and has made Ilulissat the most popular tourist destination in Greenland.[8] Tourism is now the town's principal industry. The city neighbours the Ilulissat Icefjord, where there are enormous icebergs from the most productive glacier in the northern hemisphere. HistoryThe town was established as a trading post by Jacob Severin's company in 1741 and was named in his honor.[9][10] The Zion Church (Zions Kirke) was built in the late 18th century, and was the largest man-made structure in Greenland at the time.[10] The final resident of nearby Sermermiut moved to Ilulissat in 1850.[11] Ilulissat Declaration{{main|Ilulissat Declaration}}The town was the site of the Arctic Ocean Conference in May 2008.[12] The joint meeting between Canada, Denmark, Norway, Russia, and the United States was held to discuss key issues relating to territorial claims in the Arctic (particularly Hans Island and Arktika 2007) and Arctic shrinkage produced by climate change.[13] The Ilulissat Declaration arose from the conference. It stated that the law of the sea provided for important rights and obligations concerning the delineation of the outer limits of the continental shelf, the protection of the marine environment, including ice-covered areas, freedom of navigation, marine scientific research, and other uses of the sea. It also said that it remained committed to this legal framework and to the orderly settlement of any possible overlapping claims. With this existing legal framework, providing a solid foundation for responsible management, there was no need to develop a new comprehensive international legal regime to govern the Arctic Ocean. The states involved, would keep abreast of the developments in the Arctic Ocean and continue to implement appropriate measures.[14] {{Wide image|Greenland Ilulissat Panorama medium.jpg|900px|alt=Panorama of Ilulissat|A panoramic view at Ilulissat in February 2006}}Geography and environment{{main article|Ilulissat Icefjord}}The Ilulissat Icefjord ({{lang-kl|Ilulissat Kangerlua}}) southeast of Ilulissat was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004.[15] {{Weather box|location = Ilulissat, 1961-1990|metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan high C = -9.0 |Feb high C = -10.1 |Mar high C = -10.6 |Apr high C = -3.8 |May high C = 3.4 |Jun high C = 8.3 |Jul high C = 11.4 |Aug high C = 10.2 |Sep high C = 5.5 |Oct high C = -0.5 |Nov high C = −4.8 |Dec high C = −7.6 |Jan low C = −16.6 |Feb low C = −18.3 |Mar low C = −19.3 |Apr low C = -12.6 |May low C = -3.4 |Jun low C = 1.8 |Jul low C = 4.4 |Aug low C = 3.3 |Sep low C = -0.8 |Oct low C = -6.7 |Nov low C = −11.1 |Dec low C = −14.8 | Jan record high C = 12.2 | Feb record high C = 9.0 | Mar record high C = 12.0 | Apr record high C = 10.2 | May record high C = 16.5 | Jun record high C = 18.0 | Jul record high C = 20.6 | Aug record high C = 20.4 | Sep record high C = 16.1 | Oct record high C = 12.4 | Nov record high C = 11.4 | Dec record high C = 11.6 | year record high C = | Jan record low C = -33.6 | Feb record low C = -33.6 | Mar record low C = -37.8 | Apr record low C = -29.5 | May record low C = -21.1 | Jun record low C = -5.9 | Jul record low C = -1.5 | Aug record low C = -3.0 | Sep record low C = -13.8 | Oct record low C = -18.2 | Nov record low C = -27.5 | Dec record low C = -34.0 | year record low C = | precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 13 |Feb precipitation mm = 16 |Mar precipitation mm = 13 |Apr precipitation mm = 18 |May precipitation mm = 18 |Jun precipitation mm = 24 |Jul precipitation mm = 32 |Aug precipitation mm = 31 |Sep precipitation mm = 41 |Oct precipitation mm = 25 |Nov precipitation mm = 22 |Dec precipitation mm = 18 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 4.3 |Feb precipitation days = 4.0 |Mar precipitation days = 4.0 |Apr precipitation days = 5.0 |May precipitation days = 4.2 |Jun precipitation days = 4.8 |Jul precipitation days = 5.3 |Aug precipitation days = 5.4 |Sep precipitation days = 7.4 |Oct precipitation days = 5.3 |Nov precipitation days = 5.6 |Dec precipitation days = 5.0 | Jan snow days = 7.6 | Feb snow days = 7.2 | Mar snow days = 7.8 | Apr snow days = 8.0 | May snow days = 6.0 | Jun snow days = 0.6 | Jul snow days = 0.0 | Aug snow days = 0.4 | Sep snow days = 3.3 | Oct snow days = 5.9 | Nov snow days = 7.3 | Dec snow days = 7.2 | year snow days = |Jan sun= 0 |Feb sun= 28 |Mar sun= 93 |Apr sun= 180 |May sun= 279 |Jun sun= 300 |Jul sun= 279 |Aug sun= 217 |Sep sun= 120 |Oct sun= 62 |Nov sun= 30 |Dec sun= 0 |Jan percentsun = 0.0 |Feb percentsun = 13.2 |Mar percentsun = 25.8 |Apr percentsun = 37.4 |May percentsun = 41.7 |Jun percentsun = 41.7 |Jul percentsun = 38.4 |Aug percentsun = 39.3 |Sep percentsun = 30.1 |Oct percentsun = 21.9 |Nov percentsun = 23.3 |Dec percentsun = 0.0 |year percentsun = |source 1 = Danish Meteorological Institute[16] |source 2 = World Climate Guide[17] }} PopulationWith 4,905 inhabitants in 2018, Ilulissat is the largest town in the Avannaata municipality. The population increased over 8% relative to 1990 levels but has remained steady since around 2003.[18] Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width:1150 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:50 bottom:50 right:50 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:4000 till:4800 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:200 start:4000 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:40 start:4000 PlotData= bar:1991 from:start till:4135 text:"4,135" bar:1992 from:start till:4156 text:"4,156" bar:1993 from:start till:4072 text:"4,072" bar:1994 from:start till:4057 text:"4,057" bar:1995 from:start till:4052 text:"4,052" bar:1996 from:start till:4086 text:"4,086" bar:1997 from:start till:4168 text:"4,168" bar:1998 from:start till:4159 text:"4,159" bar:1999 from:start till:4167 text:"4,167" bar:2000 from:start till:4199 text:"4,199" bar:2001 from:start till:4145 text:"4,145" bar:2002 from:start till:4285 text:"4,285" bar:2003 from:start till:4525 text:"4,525" bar:2004 from:start till:4470 text:"4,470" bar:2005 from:start till:4533 text:"4,533" bar:2006 from:start till:4511 text:"4,511" bar:2007 from:start till:4512 text:"4,512" bar:2008 from:start till:4584 text:"4,584" bar:2009 from:start till:4528 text:"4,528" bar:2010 from:start till:4546 text:"4,546" bar:2011 from:start till:4606 text:"4,606" bar:2012 from:start till:4621 text:"4,621" bar:2013 from:start till:4541 text:"4,541" bar:2014 from:start till:4530 text:"4,530" bar:2015 from:start till:4491 text:"4,491" bar:2016 from:start till:4442 text:"4,442" bar:2017 from:start till:4555 text:"4,555" bar:2018 from:start till:4563 text:"4,563" Transport
Ilulissat Airport is located {{convert|2.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the northeast of the town center and was built in 1983.[19] It serves Ilulissat with connections to towns in northwestern and midwestern Greenland via Air Greenland. Service to Reykjavík, Iceland, began in April 2011 via Air Iceland Connect and Air Greenland in 2017.
The Arctic Umiaq ferry links Ilulissat with Sisimiut, Nuuk, and other towns and settlements on the western and southwestern coast of Greenland. SportThe town is home to Nagdlunguaq-48 who play in the Greenlandic Men's Football Championship, Greenland's top soccer competition. Nagdlunguaq-48, who play all their league games in Nuuk, have won the championship ten times (as of 2016). Notable people
International relationsTwin towns – Sister cities{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in North America#Greenland|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Greenland}}Ilulissat is twinned or cooperating with several towns and cities, including: {{col-begin}}{{col-4}}
GalleryReferences1. ^ {{cite web | url = http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Geografi_og_historie/Grønland/Grønlandske_kommuner/Ilulissat_Kommune | title = Den Store Danske: Areal fordelt efter kommune / region | publisher = Naatsorsueqqissaartarfik | accessdate =23 January 2014 }} 2. ^ {{cite web | url = http://bank.stat.gl/Dialog/footnote.asp?lang=4&ti=Befolkningen+i+distrikterne+1%2E+januar+efter+omr%E5de%2C+bosted%2C+alder%2C+k%F8n+og+f%F8dested+1977%2D2014&File=BEDST3201421620825.px&path=../temp&noofvar=4 | title = Naatsorsueqqissaartarfik: Ilulissat City/Settlements (Ilulissat Municipality, Qaasuitsup Kommunia), 2014 (table: BEDST3) | publisher = Statistics Greenland | accessdate =14 February 2014 }} 3. ^Naatsorsueqqissaartarfik: Naatsorsueqqissaartarfik, table BEDST3', period 2014 4. ^i.a., Lieber, Francis & al. Encyclopædia Americana: A Popular Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, History, Politics and Biography. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=M4JRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA52 Greenland]". B.B. Mussey & Co., 1854. 5. ^{{cite book | title = Greenland in Figures 2013 | url = http://www.stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2013/pdf/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202013.pdf | publisher = Statistics Greenland | isbn = 978-87-986787-7-9 | issn = 1602-5709 | accessdate = 5 September 2013 }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.qaasuitsup.gl/en/Om-kommunen/Cities-and-settlements/Ilulissat|publisher=Qaasuitsup Municipality|title=Ilulissat|accessdate=11 July 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602185819/http://www.qaasuitsup.gl/en/Om-kommunen/Cities-and-settlements/Ilulissat|archivedate=2 June 2012|df=dmy-all}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=21 World Heritage Sites you have probably never heard of|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/10999939/21-World-Heritage-Sites-you-have-probably-never-heard-of.html|publisher=Daily Telegraph}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.kangia.gl/en/Fakta%20om%20Isfjorden/Ilulissat%20idag|title=Ilulissat Icefjord|publisher=Qaasuitsup Municipality |accessdate=11 August 2012}} 9. ^Marquardt, Ole. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=FZQcjsSitEcC&pg=PA149 Change and Continuity in Denmark's Greenland Policy]" in The Oldenburg Monarchy: An Underestimated Empire?. Verlag Ludwig (Kiel), 2006. 10. ^1 Kjærgaard, Kathrine (2010). "Grønland som del af den bibelske fortælling – en 1700-tals studie {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715044721/http://www.ilisimatusarfik.gl/Portals/0/Ekstern/Generelt/Dokumenter/Gr%C3%B8nland%20som%20del%20af%20den%20bibelske%20fort%C3%A6lling%20-%20Ph.d.-afhandling.pdf |date=15 July 2012 }}" ["Greenland as Part of the Biblical Narrative – a Study of the 18th Century"]. Kirkehistoriske Samlinger, 51-130. {{da-icon}} 11. ^Guide to Ilulissat Museum, Ilulissat Museum 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://arctic-council.org/article/2008/5/conference_on_the_arctic_ocean |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820072237/http://arctic-council.org/article/2008/5/conference_on_the_arctic_ocean |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2008-08-20 |title=Conference on the Arctic Ocean |accessdate=2008-06-06 |author=Arctic Council |coauthors= |date=2008-05-26 |work= |publisher=arctic-council.org }} 13. ^{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL2725401820080527 |title=Greenland hosts Arctic sovereignty talks |work=Reuters |date=27 May 2008 |accessdate=5 October 2010}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.oceanlaw.org/downloads/arctic/Ilulissat_Declaration.pdf|publisher=Government of Greenland|title=Ilulissat Declaration|accessdate=11 August 2012}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1149/|title=UNESCO Listing|accessdate=11 August 2012}} 16. ^Danish Meteorological Institute |language=Danish 17. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/greenland/ilulissat.php | title = World Weather Information Service – Ilulissat | accessdate = 30 September 2013 | publisher = Weather2Travel.com }} 18. ^Statistics Greenland, Population in districts and municipalities January 1st 1977-2018 BEEST3 19. ^Air Greenland, History {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523062201/http://airgreenland.com/om_air_greenland/vores_historie |date=23 May 2010 }} 20. ^Jean Malaurie, 1982. 21. ^Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012111624/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/pqrst/rasmussen_knud.html |date=12 October 2010 }}, biography by Sam Alley. Minnesota State University. 22. ^Elizabeth Cruwys, 2003. 23. ^Famous sons {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225163545/http://www.ilulissat.gl/En/Turisme/Beroemte/index.html |date=25 December 2008 }} External links{{Portal|Greenland|Kingdom of Denmark}}{{wikt|Ilulissat}}{{commons category|Ilulissat}}{{wikivoyage|Ilulissat}}Overviews and data
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}}{{Greenland-stub}} 9 : Ilulissat|Disko Bay|Populated places in Greenland|Populated places established in 1741|Populated places of Arctic Greenland|Cities and towns in Greenland|Municipal seats of Greenland|Populated coastal places in Greenland|Port cities and towns in Greenland |
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