“Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (abbreviated IIT Roorkee or IITR), formerly University of Roorkee and Thomason College of Civil Engineering, is a public engineering university located in Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India. Established in 1847 in British India by the then lieutenant governor, Sir James Thomason, it is the oldest technical institution in Asia. It was given university status in 1949 and was converted into an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in 2001, thus becoming the seventh IIT to be declared.

IIT Roorkee has 21 academic departments covering Engineering, Applied Sciences, Humanities & Social Sciences and Management programs with a strong emphasis on scientific and technological education and research.^[1]

IIT Roorkee has a strong entrepreneurial culture, with many alumni who have moved on to found technological and social ventures in India and abroad, and have played an important role in the development of India. Ten alumni have won the Padma awards and twenty five alumni have won the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology award. The institute has produced seven chairmen of the Indian Railway Board, chairman of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, more than a hundred secretary-level officers in the Government of India, two presidents of the Confederation of Indian Industry, Governors of states of India, Members of Parliament, chairmen of University Grants Commission (India), six directors of the Indian Institutes of Technology, Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of prominent Indian Universities, and presidents of Engineering and Scientific organizations like the Indian Institution of Engineers, the Indian National Science Academy and the Indian National Academy of Engineering.^[2]

History

The institution has its origins in a class started in 1845 to train local youth in engineering to assist in public works then beginning.^[3] In 1847 it was officially established.^[4] It was renamed as the Thomason College of Civil Engineering in 1854 in honour of its founder, Sir James Thomason, lieutenant governor 1843–53.^[3] The first Indian to graduate from the Roorkee college was Rai Bahadur Kanhaiya Lal in 1852.^[5]

On 21 September 2001, an ordinance issued by the Government of India declared it as the nation's seventh Indian Institute of Technology, renaming it to the current name, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. The ordinance was converted into an act by the Parliament to make IIT Roorkee an "Institution of National Importance".^[6]

The Department of Civil Engineering was established in 1847 and is the oldest engineering department in India.^[7] The Electrical Engineering department of the Thomson College was established in the year 1897, and was one of the earliest such specializations in the world.^[8] The Architecture department is first in India in instituting a master's degree course in Architecture (M. Arch.) in the year 1969{{ndash}}70.^[9]

In 1978 Institute of Paper Technology, Saharanpur was merged with the then University of Roorkee. The Institute of Paper Technology was established as School of Paper Technology by the Government of India in 1964, with an aid from the Royal Swedish Government. The school was renamed as the Institute of Paper Technology in July 1968 and subsequently Department of Paper Technology in July 1992.^[10]

Administration

All IITs follow the same organization structure which has President of India as visitor at the top of the hierarchy. Directly under the president is the IIT Council. Under the IIT Council is the board of governors of each IIT.

Under the board of governors is the director, who is the chief academic and executive officer of the IIT. Under the director, in the organizational structure, comes the deputy director. Under the director and the deputy director, come the deans, heads of departments, registrar.

Academics

IIT Roorkee offers academic programmes in Engineering, Technology, Applied Sciences, and Management. It runs eleven undergraduate (UG), one integrated dual degree, sixty one postgraduate (PG) and several doctoral programmes.^[12]

The institute admits students to B.Tech., B.Arch. and integrated M.Sc. integrated M.Tech courses through the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) conducted at centers all over India. Before being converted into an IIT, the university selected students through the Roorkee Entrance Exam (REE) conducted on an All-India level. The selectivity of REE was close to 0.25%. After IIT-JEE, it was considered to be the second toughest engineering entrance examination in India.^[13] Admission to PG programmes in engineering and architecture is on the basis of GATE score and/or a written test and interview. For PG programmes in fundamental sciences admission is based on the Joint Admission Test (JAM).^[14]

Along with the engineering courses, the institute offers a two-year residential MBA program for which the admissions, starting from 2011, will be done on the basis of Common Admission Test, thus replacing Joint Management Entrance Test (JMET) previously conducted by the IITs.^[15] The institute also offers an interdisciplinary program in computer applications leading to a degree in Master of computer applications (MCA). The MCA program is a three-year course and admission for the course is through JAM.

According to statistics published by institute in 2007{{ndash}}08 4137 students were enrolled in the institute across all programs. The student-to-academic-staff ratio was 2.6:1 and that of UG/PG students was 1.4:1.^[16]

Rankings

Internationally, IIT Roorkee was ranked 381 in the QS World University Rankings of 2019.^[17] The same rankings ranked it 86 in Asia^[18] and 47 among BRICS nations.^[19] It was ranked 401–500 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2019,^[20] and 35 in Emerging Economies University Rankings in 2019.^[21]

In India, it ranked sixth among engineering colleges by the National Institutional Ranking Framework in 2018 and eighth overall. It also ranked 6th among engineering colleges in India in 2017 by The Week.

The Department of Management Studies ranked ninth among management schools in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework in 2018.

Departments and centres

IIT Roorkee is one of the biggest technical institutions in the country having the largest number of academic units. It has 21 academic departments covering engineering, applied sciences, humanities & social sciences, and management programmes, 1 academic centre, 3 centres of excellence, 5 academic service centres and 3 supporting units.^[22]

Library

An ISO 9001:2008 certified academic service centre in 2015, The Mahatma Gandhi Central Library finds a unique place in the academic spectrum of the institute. Started in 1848 with a few hundred donated books, its collection has grown to more than 3,50,000 documents in all media. Providing information through e-resources is the main focus of the Library. It has around 90,000 sq ft of fully airconditioned space. It can accommodate more than 500 readers at any point of time. The library building is WiFi enabled and contains a total 75 user terminals for dedicated readers. It also contains an 80-seater open reading room.^[24]

Research

Research activities at the institute are conducted at either the department level or under the central office of Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy (SRIC).^[25] Major research funding was awarded by several ministries and departments of the Government of India, including the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and others. Apart from these, a number of major research organizations who have awarded projects to IIT Roorkee include the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Space Research Organisation and others.^[26] The State Emergency Operation Centre(SEOC) in Dehradun

is planning to soon link data centre of an earthquake early warning system developed by IIT Roorkee with the State Emergency Operation Centre (SEOC) in Dehradun which would come as a great recognition for the establishment.^[27]

Academic collaboration

IIT Roorkee's contribution towards the international community in science and technology include the courses and training programs run for developing countries. Every year students from more than 50 countries join IIT Roorkee for full-time or short-term training courses. In 1955 the department of Water Resources Development and Management (WRDM) was established as an Asian African Centre to honour India's commitment at the Asian African Conference held in Bandung.^[28] WRDM and the Department of Hydrology run special postgraduate programmes for students of the Afro Asian region. The department has so far trained over 2469 in service engineers and agricultural scientists from 48 countries including India.^[28] The courses offered by the Department of Hydrology are presently sponsored by the Government of India and the UNESCO.^[29]

Research organizations in India which have a MOU with IIT Roorkee include Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun; Department of Atomic Engineering (DAE), Mumbai; Intel Technology India Pvt. Ltd.; Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital among others.^[30]

Campus

IIT Roorkee has a separate campus of {{convert|25|acre|m2}} in Saharanpur which offers courses in Polymer Science, Process Engineering, Paper Technology & Packaging Technology ^[31]

In addition to this, a new ten-acre campus has been established in Greater Noida, Knowledge Park II, which was inaugurated on 4 April 2011. The Noida extension centre has 16 lecture rooms, software laboratories, faculty offices, a library and a computer center.^[32]

Student housing (bhawans)

Most students live in the hostels, where extracurricular activities complement the academic routine. The campus has 16 hostels, of which two (Sarojini, Kasturba ) are occupied by girls.^[33] Hostels may accommodate undergraduate and graduate students along with doctoral students. Students are assigned to hostels by the school administration after their freshmen year. There are nine hostels for married students, doctoral students and foreign students. Each bhawan has a mess. Mess administration consists of a staff advisor, a chief advisor, and a student mess secretary.

Student activities

Students conduct three fests every year, Cognizance^[34] (Technical festival), Thomso (Cultural festival) and Sangram (Sports festival).

Student groups on the campus include STIFKI (Student Teacher Interaction Forum for Knowledge and Innovation), IMG (Information Management Group), SDSLabs (Software Development Section Labs), GIL^[35] (Group for Interactive Learning), EDC (Entrepreneurship Development Cell), HEC (Himalayan Explorers' Club), Literary Society (Active involvement in debating and quizzing), a local chapter of ShARE, Spic Macay in addition to student chapters of technical societies such as AAPG, SEG, SPG, ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, IIT Roorkee Student Section), SAE, IEEE, IIChE (Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers), etc. The Cultural Society (dramatics, music, choreography, cinematic, literary, IIT Heartbeat(Official inter-IIT magazine)^[36]), audio, lights, Programme management, Kshitij, Geek Gazette(technical magazine of IIT Roorkee)^[37] Watch Out (the Official News Magazine of IIT Roorkee)^[38] takes all initiative related to cultural activities in the institute. It organizes music concerts, dance shows, dramas and quiz competitions.

IIT Roorkee has a hobbies club, one of its kind among IITs. It aims at facilitating activities like photography, philately, astronomy, fine arts, gardening, web design, etc. It is headed by a chief advisor, who is supported by two deputy chief advisors and a council secretary. It hosts SRISHTI, an annual techno-hobby exhibition.^[41]

IIT Roorkee Motorsports is the official Formula Student team of IIT Roorkee. It was founded in August 2010. The team designed and developed a formula style race car and represented India in the international competition Formula SAE Australasia in December 2011, held in Melbourne, Australia. This was the first Indian team to finish the endurance event of the competition and also finished first in fuel efficiency{{Citation needed|date=December 2012}}. The team also enjoys the rare feat of displaying their student-made race car at Auto Expo 2012. After a successful international debut, the team has plans to develop a series hybrid vehicle and participate in the Formula Student UK 2013.

Student's Initiative for Integrated Rural Development (SIIRD) is an attempt to develop a “Sustainable Development Model” in a village named CHHARBA. This model of rural development is one of its kind. Its uniqueness lies in the voluntary use of student force for larger good of the society by integrating the efforts of industry-academia-government-society. Started in 2006, the initiatives of SIIRD has received support and appreciation from Government, Industry and Academia. The results are evident from the fact that under the Rashtriya Gaurav Puraskar scheme run by the Central Government, Chharba has been awarded best Gram Sabha of Dehradun district out of 403 Gram Sabhas. It is noteworthy that in the evaluation, only Chharba got marks under health column due to the health camps organized by SIIRD, IIT Roorkee. On the occasion of Panchayati Raj Day, Chharba was felicitated with Panchayat Sashaktikaran Puraskar for their exemplary work under the Panchayat Empowerment Accountability Incentive Scheme (PEAIS). The award was provided on 24 April 2012 by Ministry of Panchayati Raj. The approach and work of SIIRD has been appreciated at international level as evidenced by its winning the fourth spot worldwide in HCT-Wharton Tournament in Abu Dhabi. The students have presented the concept of SIIRD in conferences organized by University of Cambridge, University of British Columbia, Essex Business School, and Humboldt-University of Berlin. The concept has been published in: The International Journal of Social Sustainability in Economic, Social and Cultural Context, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology Journal and Global Science and Technology Forum: Annual International Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (IE) Singapore, 2011 Proceedings.^[42]

The institute hosted the inception of SPIC MACAY Winter Convention.A cultural and classical program in which students from school and colleges from all over the country collaborated which was held from 13 to 16 December 2015. Aman Jakar was the overall convener of the event.

Alumni

IIT Roorkee has produced many alumni who played important roles in the technological development of India and made significant impact on corporate world. According to IIT Roorkee's website, ten alumni have won Padma awards and 25 have been Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology awardees. The institute has produced seven chairmen of the Indian Railway Board, chairman of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, chief of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, more than a hundred secretary-level officers in the Government of India, two presidents of the Confederation of Indian Industry, six directors of IITs, and presidents of bodies related to engineers and scientists like the Indian Institution of Engineers, the Indian National Science Academy and the Indian National Academy of Engineering.^[50]

Notable alumni

Alumni association

The IIT Roorkee Alumni Association was established and registered in 1940 as a society under the Society Registration Act. The association has 31 local chapters in the country and three chapters abroad.^[59] The association encourages the alumni to take interest in the activities of the alma mater and promotes relations between alumni.

Every year the association hosts Diamond, Golden and Silver jubilee functions, where alumni graduating 60, 50 and 25 years earlier are invited. Since 2005 the association has also been awarding a Distinguished Alumni Award to alumni who have made immense contributions in the fields of Academic/Research, Social Sciences, Engineering & Public Administration, Corporate Development/Entrepreneurship and Service to the Society.^[60]

The Student Alumni Mentorship Programme has been initiated by the association to help young students in achieving their career aspirations. The alumni visit the institute to interact with the students and staff and share their suggestions.

See also

Notes and references

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/Main/pages/departments.html |title=Departments, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee |website=iitr.ac.in |quote=technical institutions in the country having the largest number of academic units |accessdate=5 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124014200/http://www.iitr.ac.in/Main/pages/departments.html |archivedate=24 January 2012 }}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/Placements/pages/_Our_Alumni.html |title=Our Alumni, Placements |publisher=Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee |date=14 February 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625172805/http://www.iitr.ac.in/Placements/pages/_Our_Alumni.html |archivedate=25 June 2012 |accessdate=19 April 2012}}
3. ^¹Roorkee Town2 The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 21, p. 325.
4. ^{{cite web |authorlink = The Directorate of Technical Education, Uttarakhand, India |url = http://gov.ua.nic.in/uatechedu/setup_iit_roorkee.html |title = IIT-Roorkee section at the website of Uttarakhand Government |publisher = National Informatics Centre |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070502082918/http://gov.ua.nic.in/uatechedu/setup_iit_roorkee.html |archivedate = 2 May 2007 |df = dmy-all}}
5. ^{{cite web| url = http://rurkiu.tripod.com/uor/tribl.html| title = A Tribute to Roorkee Luminaries}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/institute/pages/About_the_Institute.html |title=About the Institute, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee |publisher=Iitr.ac.in |accessdate=19 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421024426/http://www.iitr.ac.in/institute/pages/About_the_Institute.html |archivedate=21 April 2012 }}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/departments/CE/pages/About_Us+History.html |title=Department of Civil Engineering |publisher=IIT Roorkee |accessdate=14 July 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/departments/EE/pages/About_Us+History.html |title=Department of Electrical Engineering |publisher=IIT Roorkee |accessdate=14 July 2013}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/departments/AR/pages/About_Us+History.html |title=Department of Architecture and Planning |publisher=IIT Roorkee |accessdate=14 July 2013}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/departments/DPT/pages/About_Us+History.html|website=IIT Roorkee Website |title=Department of Pulp and Paper Technology |publisher=IIT Roorkee |accessdate=14 July 2013}}
11. ^{{cite web |author=Public Information Officer |date=3 March 2006 |url=http://iitkgp.ac.in/rti/stru1.html |title=Organizational Structure |publisher=Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur |accessdate=14 May 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922000243/http://iitkgp.ac.in/rti/stru1.html |archivedate=22 September 2007 }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iitr.ernet.in/academics/pages/index.html |title=Academics |publisher=Iitr.ernet.in |date=10 March 2012 |accessdate=19 April 2012}}
13. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.roorkee.org/town/education/iit-roorkee |title=Roorkee Entrance Examination, IIT Roorkee|website=iitr.ac.in |accessdate=5 June 2011}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/admissions/pages/Postgraduate.html |title=Postgraduate |website=IIT Roorkee |accessdate=10 March 2015}}
15. ^{{cite news|title=JMET is dead, long live CAT|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/JMET-is-dead-long-live-CAT/Article1-739508.aspx|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120908113013/http://www.hindustantimes.com/JMET-is-dead-long-live-CAT/Article1-739508.aspx|dead-url=yes|archive-date=8 September 2012|accessdate=13 September 2011|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=30 August 2011}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/academics/pages/Academic_Statistics.html |title=Academic Statistics 2007–2008 |website=IIT Roorkee |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221230333/http://www.iitr.ac.in/academics/pages/Academic_Statistics.html |archivedate=21 February 2010 |accessdate=5 June 2011}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2019|title=QS World University Rankings 2019|date=2018-05-29|website=Top Universities|language=en|access-date=2019-02-24}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2019|title=QS University Rankings: Asia 2019|date=2018-10-08|website=Top Universities|language=en|access-date=2019-02-24}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/brics-rankings/2019|title=QS University Rankings: BRICS 2019|date=2018-10-02|website=Top Universities|language=en|access-date=2019-02-24}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/world-ranking|title=World University Rankings|date=2018-09-26|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en|access-date=2019-02-24}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/emerging-economies-university-rankings|title=Emerging Economies|date=2019-01-15|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en|access-date=2019-02-24}}
22. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.iitr.ac.in/Main/pages/departments.html |title= Departments and Centers, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee |accessdate= 12 December 2011 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120124014200/http://www.iitr.ac.in/Main/pages/departments.html |archivedate= 24 January 2012 |df= dmy-all }}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Civil Engineering|url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/departments/CE/pages/index.html|website=Departments|publisher=IIT Roorkee|accessdate=22 January 2013}}
24. ^{{cite web |url= http://mgcl.iitr.ac.in/ |title=IIT Roorkee Library|website=iitr.ac.in |accessdate=25 September 2012}}
25. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.iitr.ac.in/research/pages/index.html |title=Research, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee |website=iitr.ac.in |accessdate=10 June 2011}}
26. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.iitr.ac.in/research/pages/SRIC.html |title=SRIC, Research, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee |website=iitr.ac.in |accessdate=10 June 2011}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/State-emergency-centre-to-be-linked-with-IIT-Roorkees-quake-warning-system/articleshow/49820911.cms|title=State emergency centre to be linked with IIT Roorkee's quake warning system|website=The Times of India}}
28. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/departments/WRT/pages/index.html |title=Water Resources Development & Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee |publisher=Iitr.ac.in |date=23 September 2010 |accessdate=19 April 2012}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/departments/HY/pages/index.html |title=Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee |publisher=Iitr.ac.in |accessdate=19 April 2012}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/academics/pages/MOU_and_Collaboration.html|title=Memoranda of Understanding and collaborative programmes, Academics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee|date=5 October 2011|publisher=Iitr.ac.in|accessdate=19 April 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425004008/http://www.iitr.ac.in/academics/pages/MOU_and_Collaboration.html|archivedate=25 April 2012}}
31. ^¹{{cite web|title=Geography|url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/institute/pages/Geography.html|accessdate=21 August 2011}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/iitroorkee-campus-inaugurated-in-greater-noida/771434/ |title=IIT-Roorkee campus inaugurated in Greater Noida |website=The Indian Express |date=4 April 2011 |accessdate=19 April 2012}}
33. ^{{cite web|last=IIT|first=Roorkee|title=IIT Roorkee Hostels|url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/campus_life/pages/Hostels.html}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cognizance.org.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305171427/http://www.cognizance.org.in/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=5 March 2003 |title=Official Website |accessdate=4 April 2013 }}
35. ^{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/teamgiliitr/ |title=Team Gil Iitr |accessdate=19 April 2012}}
36. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitheartbeat.org/ |title=IIT Heartbeat |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904234522/http://www.iitheartbeat.org/ |archivedate=4 September 2014 }}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/campus_life/pages/Groups_and_Societies+Geek_Gazette.html|title=Geek Gazette|publisher=IIT Roorkee}}
38. ^{{cite web |url=http://wona.co.in/ |title=Home — WONA |website=Watch Out! News Agency}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/campus_life/pages/Groups_and_Societies.html |title=Groups and Societies, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee |publisher=Iitr.ac.in |date=15 March 2012 |accessdate=19 April 2012}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/campus_life/pages/Groups_and_Societies+National_Service_Scheme.html |title=National Service Scheme |website=IIT Roorkee |accessdate=3 August 2014}}
41. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/campus_life/pages/Clubs+Hobbies_Club.html |title=IIT Roorkee Hobbies Club |publisher=Iitr.ac.in |date=6 November 2007 |accessdate=19 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316020231/http://www.iitr.ac.in/campus_life/pages/Clubs+Hobbies_Club.html |archive-date=16 March 2012 |dead-url=yes }}
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