| 词条 | Ingaevones |
| 释义 |
The Ingaevones {{IPA-la|ɪŋ.ɡae̯.ˈwoː.neːs|}} were a West Germanic cultural group living along the North Sea coast in the areas of Jutland, Holstein, and Frisia in the classical period. Tribes in this area included the Frisii, Chauci, (later replaced by the Saxons) and Jutes. The name is sometimes given by modern editors or translators as Ingvaeones, on the assumption that this is more likely to be the correct form, since an etymology can be formed for it as 'son of Yngvi', Yngvi occurring later as a Scandinavian divine name.[1] Hence the postulated common group of closely related dialects of the "Ingvaeones" is called Ingvaeonic or North Sea Germanic.[2] Tacitus' source categorized the Ingaevones near the ocean as one of the three tribal groups descended from the three sons of Mannus, son of Tuisto, progenitor of all the Germanic peoples, the other two being the Irminones and the Istaevones. According to the speculations of Rafael von Uslar, this threefold subdivision of the West Germanic tribes corresponds to archeological evidence from Late Antiquity. Pliny ca 80 CE in his Natural History (IV.28) lists the Ingaevones as one of the five Germanic races, the others being the Vandili, the Istvaeones, the Hermiones and the Bastarnae. According to him, the Ingaevones were made up of Cimbri, Teutons and Chauci. Stripped of its Latin ending, the Ingvaeon are the Ingwine, "friends of Ing" familiar from Beowulf, where Hrothgar is "Lord of the Ingwine"—whether one of them or lord over them being ambiguous. Ing wæs ærest mid Est-DenumGesewen secgum, oþ he siððan estOfer wæg gewat; wæn æfter ran;Þus heardingas þone hæle nemdun.[7] An Ingui is also listed in the Anglo-Saxon royal house of Bernicia[8] and was probably once seen as the progenitor of all Anglian kings.[9] Since the Ingaevones form the bulk of the Anglo-Saxon settlement in Britain, they were speculated by Noah Webster to have given England its name,[10] and Grigsby remarks that on the continent "they formed part of the confederacy known as the 'friends of Ing' and in the new lands they migrated to in the 5th and 6th centuries. In time, they would name these lands Angle-land, and it is tempting to speculate that the word Angle was derived from, or thought of as a pun on, the name of Ing."[9] According to the Trojan genealogy of Nennius in the Historia Brittonum, Mannus becomes "Alanus" and Ing, his son, becomes Neugio. The three sons of Neugio are named Boganus, Vandalus and Saxo—from whom came the peoples of the Bogari, the Vandals, and the Saxons and Thuringii.{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} See also{{Portal|Ancient Germanic culture}}
Notes1. ^Tacitus, Angricola and Germania, translated by Harold Mattingly, revised by J.B. Rives, Penguin Books 2009, Germania, 2 and note 6. 2. ^Sonderegger, Stefan (1979). Grundzüge deutscher Sprachgeschichte. Diachronie des Sprachsystems, vol. I: Einführung – Genealogie – Konstanten. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter; Ingerid Dal, "2.1: Altniderdeutsch u. seine Vorstufen" in Gerhard Cordes, Dieter Möhn, eds. Handbuch zur Niederdeutschen Sprach und Literaturwissenschaft.1983. 3. ^Compare the suffix -ing meaning "tribe, house", as in Scylfings, et al. 4. ^For Ing as an aspect of Freyr, see R. North, [https://books.google.com/books?id=X_LKUIqNvPQC&pg=PP1&dq=Heathen+Gods+in+Old+English+Literature&lr=&ei=g2DTSqn6CIiWMPrOkIsO#v=onepage&q=&f=false Heathen Gods in Old English Literature] (Cambridge) 1997. 5. ^Noted by John Grigsby, Beowulf & Grendel (London: Watkins) 2005:98 note 6. 6. ^Hickes, Thesaurus of the Old Languages of the North, 1705, noted by Grigsby 2005:98. 7. ^John Grigsby provides the translation "Ing was among the East Danes first seen among men, til he departed [east? back?] over the sea; the wagon ran after; thus the hard-men [warriors?] named the hero." Grigsby notes the return journey in a wagon over the sea of this obliquely referred-to god: " the presence of this deity might have been allowed to remain in the otherwise Christian poem on the grounds that by this rime Ing was regarded (as in some Anglian genealogies) as a great continental ancestor" (Grigsby 2005:99). 8. ^R. North 1997:42f. 9. ^1 Grigsby 2005:99. 10. ^Webster, Noah. Letters to a Young Gentleman Commencing His Education. S. Converse, 1823:105. References
4 : Historical Germanic peoples|Ingaevones|Pre-Roman Iron Age|North Sea Germanic |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。