| 词条 | International Working Union of Socialist Parties |
| 释义 |
The International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP; also known as {{frac|2|1|2}} International or the Vienna International; {{lang-de|Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft Sozialistischer Parteien}}, IASP) was a political international for the co-operation of socialist parties. HistoryIWUSP was founded on February 27, 1921, at a conference in Vienna, Austria, by ten parties, including the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the Independent Labour Party (ILP), the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SPS), the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), and the Federation of Romanian Socialist Parties (FPSR, created by splinter groups of the Socialist Party of Romania). In April 1921, it was joined by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. The Maximalist faction of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) also joined. MembersThe secretary of IWUSP was the Austrian Friedrich Adler of the SPÖ; other prominent members were Otto Bauer and Julius Martov. The group was heavily influenced by Austromarxism. It published Nachrichten der Internationalen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Sozialistischer Parteien ("News of IWUSP"). Poale Zion (labour Zionist) leaders David Ben-Gurion and Shlomo Kaplansky were active in the movement behind the Two and a Half International.[1] IdeologyThe founders of IWUSP were parties that saw neither the reformist Second International nor the Communist and pro-Soviet Third International as alternatives for affiliation. The IWUSP criticized the other two Internationals for what it perceived to be dogmatism, and advocated that more consideration should be given to the particularities of the political situation in each country. It worked for the unification of the Second and Third Internationals. From April 2 to April 5, the Conference of the Three Internationals was held in Berlin with delegations from the three different international bodies to discuss a merger, but unity was not achieved and the Comintern withdrew from the talks.[2] DissolutionIn Germany on September 24, 1922, the USPD, one of the main components of IWUSP, merged with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), a member of the Berne International. Discouraged by the intransigent position of the Third International, the Second International and the IWUSP merged to form the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) at a joint congress in Hamburg in May 1923. Some, such as the FPSR, refused to join the new body. In the 1930s, a similar effort was made to create an international between the reformism of the Second and the Stalinism of the Third, as the London Bureau of left-wing socialist parties. Sometimes called the "Three-and-a-Half International", it involved many of the same parties. See also
References1. ^Joseph Gorny The British Labour Movement and Zionism: 1917–1948 London: Frank Cass, ch. 3 2. ^{{cite journal|last=Steiner|first=Herber|date=1967 |title=L'internationale socialiste à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, juillet-août 1939: Documents de Friedrich Adler|journal=Le Mouvement social|publisher=Editions l'Atelier {{Subscription required}}|pages=95–96|jstor=3777238|language=French}} Further reading
External links
5 : Socialism|History of socialism|Left-wing internationals|Political parties established in 1921|1923 disestablishments |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。