| 词条 | Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton |
| 释义 |
| name= {{small|His Grace}} The Duke of Hamilton | image = Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton and 7th Duke of Brandon (1767-1852) by Henry Raeburn (1756-1823).jpg | caption = The 10th Duke of Hamilton, by Henry Raeburn | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1767|10|3}} | birth_place = St. James Square, London | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1852|8|18|1767|10|3}} | death_place = 12 Portman Square, London | resting_place = Bent Cemetery, Hamilton | title = 10th Duke of Hamilton | tenure = 1819–1852 | other_titles = 7th Duke of Brandon | offices = Lord Lieutenant of Lanarkshire | predecessor = Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton | successor = William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton | spouse = Susan Euphemia Beckford | issue = William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton Lady Susan de Beeck | parents = Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton Lady Harriet Stewart }}Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton, 7th Duke of Brandon KG PC FRS FSA (3 October 1767 – 18 August 1852) was a Scottish politician and art collector.[1] LifeBorn on 3 October 1767 at St. James's Square, London, a son of Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton, he was educated at Harrow School and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he matriculated on 4 March 1786. He received his MA on 18 February 1789.[2] Hamilton was a Whig, and his political career began in 1802, when he became MP for Lancaster. He remained in the House of Commons until 1806, when he was appointed to the Privy Council, and Ambassador to the court of St. Petersburg until 1807; additionally, he was Lord Lieutenant of Lanarkshire from 1802 to 1852. He received the numerous titles at his father's death in 1819. He was Lord High Steward at King William IV's coronation in 1831 and Queen Victoria's coronation in 1838, and remains the last person to have undertaken this duty twice. He became a Knight of the Garter in 1836. He held the office of Grand Master Mason of the Freemasons of Scotland between 1820 and 1822. He held the office of President of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland between 1827 and 1831. He held the office of Trustee of the British Museum between 1834 and 1852. He married Susan Euphemia Beckford, daughter of William Thomas Beckford[3] and Lady Margaret Gordon, daughter of Charles Gordon, 4th Earl of Aboyne, on 26 April 1810 in London, England. Hamilton was a well-known dandy of his day. An obituary notice states that "timidity and variableness of temperament prevented his rendering much service to, or being much relied on by his party ... With a great predisposition to over-estimate the importance of ancient birth ... he well deserved to be considered the proudest man in England." He also supported Napoleon and commissioned the painting The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries by Jacques-Louis David. Lord Lamington, in The Days of the Dandies, wrote of him that 'never was such a magnifico as the 10th Duke, the Ambassador to the Empress Catherine; when I knew him he was very old, but held himself straight as any grenadier. He was always dressed in a military laced undress coat, tights and Hessian boots, &c'. Lady Stafford in letters to her son mentioned 'his great Coat, long Queue, and Fingers cover'd with gold Rings', and his foreign appearance. According to another obituary, this time in Gentleman's Magazine he had 'an intense family pride'. Death and legacyHamilton had a strong interest in Ancient Egyptian mummies, and was so impressed with the work of mummy expert Thomas Pettigrew that he arranged for Pettigrew to mummify him after his death. He died on 18 August 1852 at age 84 at 12 Portman Square, London, England and was buried on 4 September 1852 at Hamilton Palace, Hamilton, Scotland. In accordance with his wishes, Hamilton's body was mummified after his death and placed in a sarcophagus of the Ptolemaic period that he had originally acquired in Paris in 1836 ostensibly for the British Museum. At the same time he had acquired the sarcophagus of Pabasa, an important noblemen which is now in the Kelvingrove Museum. In 1842 Hamilton had begun construction of the Hamilton Mausoleum as repository for the overcrowded family vault at the Palace. He was interred there with other Dukes of Hamilton, from the 1858 completion of the Mausoleum until 1921 when subsidence and the subsequent demolition of the Palace forced removal of the bodies to the Bent cemetery in Hamilton, where he still lies buried in his sarcophagus.[4][5] His collection of paintings, objects, books and manuscripts was sold for £397,562 in July 1882. The manuscripts were purchased by the German government for £80,000. Some were repurchased by the British government and are now in the British Museum. Marriage and issueBy his wife, Susan Beckford, Hamilton had one son and one daughter:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton |2= 2. Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton |3= 3. Lady Harriet Stewart |4= 4. James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton |5= 5. Anne Spencer |6= 6. Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway |7= 7. Lady Catherine Cochrane |8= 8. James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton |9= 9. The Hon. Elizabeth Gerard |10= 10. Edward Spencer |11= 11. Anne Baker |12= 12. James Stewart, 5th Earl of Galloway |13= 13. Lady Catherine Montgomerie |14= 14. John Cochrane, 4th Earl of Dundonald |15= 15. Lady Anne Murray |16= 16. William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk |17= 17. Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton |18= 18. Digby Gerard, 5th Baron Gerard |19= 19. Lady Elizabeth Gerard |20= 20. John Spencer |21= 21. Anne Rivett |24= 24. Alexander Stewart, 3rd Earl of Galloway |25= 25. Lady Mary Douglas |26= 26. Alexander Montgomerie, 9th Earl of Eglinton |27= 27. Margaret Cochrane |28= 28. John Cochrane, 2nd Earl of Dundonald |29= 29. Lady Susannah Hamilton |30= 30. Charles Murray, 1st Earl of Dunmore |31= 31. Catherine Watts }} References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nms.ac.uk/our_collections/highlights/the_tea_service_of_the_emperor.aspx|title=Alexander, 10th Duke of Hamilton, the premier peer of Scotland and one of the greatest collectors in the history of Scotland|publisher=National Museums Scotland|accessdate=30 September 2009}} 2. ^{{alox2|title=Hamilton, Alexander (2)}} 3. ^NTS plans £8m overhaul of Brodick castle 4. ^RCAHMS reconstruction of Hamilton Palace 5. ^Gazetteer for Scotland- Bent cemetery External links{{Commons category|Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton}}
Richard Penn | after=John Dent John Fenton-Cawthorne | years=1802–1806}}{{s-dip}}{{succession box| title=British Ambassador to Russia | before=The Earl Cathcart | after=Lord Granville Leveson-Gower | years=1807}}{{s-hon}}{{succession box | before=The 9th Duke of Hamilton | title=Lord Lieutenant of Lanarkshire | years=1802–1852 | after=The 11th Duke of Hamilton}}{{s-npo|mason}}{{succession box|title=Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland|before=The Prince of Wales (George IV)|after=The Duke of Argyll|years=1820–1822}}{{s-reg|sct}}{{s-bef|before=Archibald Hamilton}}{{s-ttl|title=Duke of Hamilton|years=1819–1852}}{{s-aft|after=William Hamilton}}{{s-reg|gb}}{{s-bef|rows=2|before=Archibald Hamilton}}{{s-ttl|title=Duke of Brandon|years=1819–1852}}{{s-aft|rows=2|after=William Hamilton}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Baron Dutton (writ in acceleration)|years=1806–1852}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamilton, Alexander, 10th Duke of Hamilton}} 21 : 1767 births|1852 deaths|Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|Lord High Stewards|Dukes of Hamilton|Dukes of Brandon|Marquesses of Douglas|House of Douglas and Angus|Fellows of the Royal Society|Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London|Knights of the Garter|Lord-Lieutenants of Lanarkshire|Mummies|People educated at Harrow School|UK MPs 1802–06|Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Russia|Scottish politicians|Scottish art collectors|Paintings by Henry Raeburn|House of Hamilton |
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