| 词条 | Fir Island (Washington) |
| 释义 |
|name =Fir Island |official_name = |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Island |total_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Snow Geese in Fir Island field - 2009.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Snow geese on Fir Island, Skagit River Delta |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map =Washington |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption =Location within the state of Washington |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Washington |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Skagit County |subdivision_type3 = Bodies of Water |subdivision_name3 =Skagit River and Skagit Bay of Puget Sound |seat_type = |seat = |parts_type = |parts_style = |p1 = |p2 = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_sq_mi =15.5 |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_ft = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_min_ft = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_sq_mi = |timezone = PST |utc_offset = −8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = −7 |coor_type = |coordinates = {{coord|48|21|N|122|23|W|region:US-WA|display=inline}} |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} Fir Island is bounded by North and South Forks of the Skagit River and Skagit Bay of Puget Sound in the southwestern corner of Skagit County, Washington. Triangular in outline, {{convert|5.3|mi|km}} east–west by {{convert|6.5|mi|km}} north–south with an area of nearly {{convert|9900|acre|km2}}, Fir Island is occupied by 195 families. The island is connected by bridge to the village of Conway, located on the east shore of the South Fork of the Skagit River. A second bridge, across the North Fork of the Skagit River, leads to La Conner, {{convert|3.7|mi|km}} northwest. Near the northeast tip of Fir Island is the site of the 19th-century town of Skagit City which declined after upstream log jams were removed in 1877. Natural historyA major component of the Skagit River Delta, the island is an important habitat for wildlife. Migrating from the northern portion of Wrangel Island in Russia, 30,000 to 70,000 snow geese spend the winter on the Skagit River Delta and the Fraser River Delta of British Columbia.[2] Important internationally, this population and one that winters in California, are the only snow geese that migrate between Eurasia and North America and the only remnant still extant in Eurasia.[2][3] Other migratory waterfowl include tundra swans, trumpeter swans and the bald eagle. Over the course of a year, 180 species of birds have been recorded at Skagit Wildlife Area, {{convert|13000|acre|km2}} of mostly tidelands and intertidal marsh, the largest section of which is located on the southern margin of the island.[4] Near the south end of Fir Island, the Wiley Slough Restoration Project is intended to restore natural processes to a {{convert|180|acre|km2}} portion of Skagit Wildlife Area. The project includes removal of {{convert|6500|ft|m}} of existing dikes, construction of {{convert|6500|ft|m}} of new dikes, and construction of a new tide gate on Wiley Slough upstream of the existing one which will be removed. The main goal of the project is to increase the diversity of species that depend on estuaries, especially Puget Sound Chinook Salmon that are listed as threatened under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act. Despite opposition by hunters, the project is supported by many in the community and Governor Christine Gregoire.[5][6] Skagit River floodsIsland floods occur periodically. On November 25, 1990, the {{convert|152000|cuft|m3|-2}} per second flow of the Skagit River caused it to overtop its {{convert|10|ft|m}} earthen dikes and the island was inundated. No human fatalities occurred but livestock deaths were reported. Dike repairs the following summer cost $7 million.[7] On October 21, 2003, a peak flow of {{convert|135000|cuft|m3|-2}} per second occurred when the Skagit River crested at more than {{convert|14|ft|m|0}} above flood stage. A total of 3,400 people were evacuated from flood prone areas along the river. On November 8, 2006, in the aftermath of a strong Pineapple Express storm, a flow of {{convert|125000|cuft|m3|-2}} per second and a crest {{convert|8.2|ft|m}} feet above flood stage were recorded.[8] Such floods deposit great quantities of driftwood along river channels and on tidelands.[9] {{Commons}}References1. ^ {{coord|48|21|N|122|23|W|type:isle|display=title}}2. ^{{cite web | last = Boyd | first = Sean | title = Lesser Snow Geese: an indicator of wildlife sustainability in the Georgia Basin | publisher = Environment Canada | url = http://www.ecoinfo.org/env_ind/region/snowgeese/snowgeese_e.cfm | accessdate = 2008-02-12 }} 3. ^{{cite journal| last =Kuznetsov| first =Sergei B.|author2=Baranyuk, Vasily V |author3=Takekawa, John Y | title = Genetic differentiation between wintering populations of Lesser Snow Geese nesting on Wrangel Island| journal = The Auk| volume =115| issue =4| pages =1053–1057| publisher = American Ornithologists' Union| date =Oct 1998| url =http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3793/is_199810/ai_n8817939| accessdate = 2008-02-17| doi=10.2307/4089522}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Garrett |first=John |title=Wildlife Viewing Areas: North Central Washington (Region 4): Skagit Wildlife Area |work=Wildlife Areas and Access Points |publisher=Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife |year=2005 |url=http://wdfw.wa.gov/lands/r4skagit.htm |accessdate=2008-02-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827203224/http://wdfw.wa.gov/lands/r4skagit.htm |archivedate=2007-08-27 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web | title = Biological Assessment | work = Wiley Slough Restoration Project | publisher = Skagit River System Cooperative | date = 2006-11-30 | url = http://www.wileyslough.org/ | accessdate = 2008-02-10 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515194238/http://www.wileyslough.org/ | archivedate = 2008-05-15 | df = }} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Wiley Slough Recreational Replacement Lands |publisher=Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife |url=http://wdfw.wa.gov/licensing/sepa/2007/07062_replacement.pdf|format=pdf |accessdate=2016-02-23 }} 7. ^{{cite news | last = Egan | first = Timothy | title = Fir Island Journal; A Peace With the River on Its Terms | work = The New York Times | publisher = The New York Times Company | date = November 18, 1991 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE1DE1E3DF93BA25752C1A967958260 | accessdate = 2008-02-10 }} 8. ^{{cite web | title = USGS 12200500 Skagit River Near Mount Vernon, WA| work = National Water Information System | publisher = Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey | url = http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/dv/?site_no=12200500&agency_cd=USGS&referred_module=sw | accessdate = 2008-02-10 }} 9. ^1 {{cite news | last = McQuaide | first = Mike | title =Skagit River delta is a world of wonders for kayakers | publisher = The Seattle Times Company | date = March 11, 2004 | url = http://www.nwsource.com/travel/washington/puget-sound/la-conner/skagit-river-delta-world-wonders-kayakers | accessdate = 2008-02-10 }} 3 : Islands of Skagit County, Washington|Islands of Puget Sound|River islands of Washington (state) |
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