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- List of isotopes Notes
- References
- External links
{{infobox silicon isotopes}}Silicon (14Si) has 23 known isotopes, with mass numbers ranging from 22 to 44. 28Si (the most abundant isotope, at 92.23%), 29Si (4.67%), and 30Si (3.1%) are stable. The longest-lived radioisotope is 32Si, which is produced by cosmic ray spallation of argon. Its half-life has been determined to be approximately 150 years (0.21 MeV), and it decays by beta emission to 32P (which has a 14.28-day half-life ) and then to 32S. After 32Si, 31Si has the second longest half-life at 157.3 minutes. All others have half-lives under 7 seconds. The least stable is 43Si with a half-life greater than 60 nanoseconds. List of isotopes nuclide symbol | Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) | half-life | decay mode(s)[1] | daughter isotope(s)[2] | nuclear spin and parity | representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) | range of natural variation (mole fraction) | 22Si | 14 | 8 | 22.03453(22)# | 29(2) ms | β+ (68%) | 22Al | 0+ | | | β+, p (32%) | 21Mg | 23Si | 14 | 9 | 23.02552(21)# | 42.3(4) ms | β+ | 23Al | 3/2+# | 24Si | 14 | 10 | 24.011546(21) | 140(8) ms | β+ (92%) | 24Al | 0+ | | | β+, p (8%) | 23Mg | 25Si | 14 | 11 | 25.004106(11) | 220(3) ms | β+ (63.19%) | 25Al | 5/2+ | | | β+, p (36.8%) | 24Mg | 26Si | 14 | 12 | 25.992330(3) | 2.234(13) s | β+ | 26Al | 0+ | 27Si | 14 | 13 | 26.98670491(16) | 4.16(2) s | β+ | 27Al | 5/2+ | 28Si | 14 | 14 | 27.9769265325(19) | Stable | 0+ | 0.92223(19) | 0.92205–0.92241 | 29Si | 14 | 15 | 28.976494700(22) | Stable | 1/2+ | 0.04685(8) | 0.04678–0.04692 | 30Si | 14 | 16 | 29.97377017(3) | Stable | 0+ | 0.03092(11) | 0.03082–0.03102 | 31Si | 14 | 17 | 30.97536323(4) | 157.3(3) min | β− | 31P | 3/2+ | 32Si | 14 | 18 | 31.97414808(5) | 153(19) y | β− | 32P | 0+ | trace | cosmogenic | 33Si | 14 | 19 | 32.978000(17) | 6.18(18) s | β− | 33P | (3/2+) | 34Si | 14 | 20 | 33.978576(15) | 2.77(20) s | β− | 34P | 0+ | 35Si | 14 | 21 | 34.98458(4) | 780(120) ms | β− (94.74%) | 35P | 7/2−# | | | β−, n (5.26%) | 34P | 36Si | 14 | 22 | 35.98660(13) | 0.45(6) s | β− (88%) | 36P | 0+ | | | β−, n (12%) | 35P | 37Si | 14 | 23 | 36.99294(18) | 90(60) ms | β− (83%) | 37P | (7/2−)# | | | β−, n (17%) | 36P | 38Si | 14 | 24 | 37.99563(15) | 90# ms [>1 µs] | β−, n | 37P | 0+ | | | β− | 38P | 39Si | 14 | 25 | 39.00207(36) | 47.5(20) ms | β− | 39P | 7/2−# | 40Si | 14 | 26 | 40.00587(60) | 33.0(10) ms | β− | 40P | 0+ | 41Si | 14 | 27 | 41.01456(198) | 20.0(25) ms | β− | 41P | 7/2−# | 42Si | 14 | 28 | 42.01979(54)# | 13(4) ms | β− | 42P | 0+ | 43Si | 14 | 29 | 43.02866(75)# | 15# ms [>260 ns] | 3/2−# | 44Si | 14 | 30 | 44.03526(86)# | 10# ms | 0+ |
1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx |title=Universal Nuclide Chart |publisher=nucleonica |registration=yes}} 2. ^Bold for stable isotopes
Notes - The precision of the isotope abundances and atomic mass is limited through variations. The given ranges should be applicable to any normal terrestrial material.
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
- Blank spaces in the "natural abundance" and "range of natural variation" column show that the isotope discussed in the corresponding row is synthetic.
References - Isotope masses from:
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- {{CAWIA 2003}}
- {{CIAAW 2005}}
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- {{NUBASE 2003}}
- {{NNDC}}
- {{CRC85|chapter=11}}
External links- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070711094750/http://ie.lbl.gov/education/parent/Si_iso.htm Silicon isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's]
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