| 词条 | ITT Technical Institute |
| 释义 |
| name = ITT Technical Institute | image_name = ITT Technical Institute campus Canton Michigan.JPG | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = ITT Tech's Canton, Michigan campus | motto = Education for the Future | established = {{start date|1969}} | closed = {{end date|2016}} | type = For-profit technical institute | endowment = | chairman = Kevin M. Modany | chancellor = | president = Eugene W. Feichtner[1] | vice-president = | faculty = | staff = | students = 40,015[2] | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | city = Carmel | state = Indiana | country = United States | coor = | campus = 130 | former_names = | sports = | colors = | colours = | nickname = | mascot = | athletics = | free_label = Campus locations | free = Approximately 130 campuses | affiliations = ITT Educational Services, Inc. (1994–2016) ITT Corporation (1965–1994) | website = {{URL|itt-tech.info}} | logo = ITT_TI_logo.PNG | footnotes = }}ITT Technical Institute (often shortened to ITT Tech) was a for-profit technical institute. Founded in 1969 and with approximately 130 campuses in 38 states of the United States, ITT Tech was one of the largest for-profit educators in the US.[3] Starting in about 2004, ITT Tech came under fire for questionable practices, including allegations of high-pressure recruiting tactics, falsified paperwork, high rates of default on student loans for ITT Tech students, and inadequate educational standards. Following a series of state and Federal investigations, the US Department of Education prevented students from using federally guaranteed student loans at any ITT Tech location effective August 2016. All ITT Tech campuses were closed by September 6, 2016, and on September 16, 2016, ITT Tech filed for bankruptcy.[4] In 2018, ITT Tech's court appointed bankruptcy trustee sued the US Department of Education and lenders to repay $1.5 billion in claims against ITT, alleging that regulators took advantage of low-income students and neglected their oversight duties.[5] BackgroundITT Tech is owned and was operated by ITT Educational Services, Inc. ({{Grey Market|ESINQ}}), a publicly traded company headquartered in Carmel, Indiana.[3][6] The company also owned and operated Breckinridge School of Nursing and Health Sciences schools.[3][7] ITT Technical Institute charged among the highest tuition fees in the industry. It also had the industry's highest rate of loans that go into default within two years of attendance.[8] In 2014, the annual tuition for attending an ITT Tech campus ranged from $45,000 to $85,000.[9] A group of more than 3500 students and former students called the ITT Tech Warriors have protested that they received a subprime education and called for debt forgiveness.[10] According to one source, early career pay for associate degree graduates of ITT Tech's Seattle campus in 2015 was $42,400, while mid-career pay was $66,500.[11] {{As of|2016|September}}, College Scorecard reported that graduates of ITT Tech schools nationally earned an average income of $38,400, measured at ten years after graduation.[12] HistoryIn 1946, ITT Tech was founded as Educational Services, Inc.[13] From 1965 until its IPO in 1994, ITT Tech was a wholly owned subsidiary of the ITT Corporation (as "ITT/ESI").[14] During its years in operation, the school was headquartered in Carmel, Indiana.[15] By 1986, all its institutions had become known by the common name "ITT Technical Institute".{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} By 1999, ITT Corporation (which had merged with Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide the year before) had divested itself completely of ITT Tech's shares. The schools were allowed to continue using the "ITT" name under license.[16] In the mid-2000s, CEO Rene Champagne cashed out more than $50 million in stock.[17] In April 2007 CEO Rene Champagne had step down from his CEO position.[18] Mr. Kevin Modany was the newly appointed CEO with continuing all his current positions of president and as a director, he had from early June 2002.[19] It acquired the financially struggling Daniel Webster College (DWC) in Nashua, New Hampshire[20] in June 2009 for $29.3 million.[21][22][23] The nonprofit college was converted into a for-profit institution.[24] In 2013, ESI began operating public charter schools in three cities: Indianapolis, Tempe, and Troy, Michigan.[25] In charter documents, the company referred to potential students as "educational have-nots".[26] In 2016, Chinese investors Zhifeng Zhang and Yude Zhang became ESI insiders, purchasing more than 3,000,000 shares of ITT Educational Services stock.[27] In July 2016, ESI reported that enrollment was projected to drop 30% to 40% from 2015 to 2016.[2] In August 2016, the company was barred from enrolling new students who use government loans; on the 30th of the same month, ITT Technical Institute stopped accepting applications for new enrollment.[28] [29]At that time, ITT Tech said that existing students could still finish their studies, and ITT Tech would continue to operate until the last of its enrolled students either graduate or drop out.[29] However, on September 6, 2016, ITT Technical Institute announced that it was shutting down all its campuses effective immediately.[34] [30]At the time of its system-wide closure on September 6, 2016, the school had more than 130 ITT Technical Institute campuses across the United States,[31] with more than 40,000 students and 8,000 employees.[32] ITT Educational Services filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy liquidation on September 16, 2016.[4] As for DWC, Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU), a non-profit college in Manchester, New Hampshire, hired most of the college's faculty and staff allowing the 2016-17 academic year to proceed as usual. DWC's aviation and engineering programs were effectively absorbed into SNHU, which had offered to buy the Nashua campus.[33][34] However, its bid was rejected and SNHU instead opted to build a new science and engineering building on its own campus.[35][36] Student loan debtIn 2014, Time magazine ranked ITT Technical Institute No. 2 on its list of "The 5 Colleges That Leave the Most Students Crippled By Debt".[37] Among ITT Tech graduates with loans due in 2011, 22% had defaulted by 2014. This compares with a default rate of about 13.7% for student loans generally. According to the Time magazine report, ITT Tech's default rate ranked second; the for-profit University of Phoenix had a lower default rate by percentage (19% at Phoenix versus ITT Tech's 22%), but the total number of students in default from Phoenix was much higher (45,123 Phoenix students versus 11,260 ITT Tech students).[37] According to the College Scorecard, {{as of|2016|March|lc=y}}, 39% of ITT Tech graduates are paying off their debt, compared to the national average of 66% among all schools nationwide.[12] This percentage represents the number of graduates who were able to repay at least $1 in student loan debt in the three years after their graduation.[12] In 2018, a settlement to a class action lawsuit was tentatively reached to wipe out student loans for attendees from 2006 to 2016.[38] Students who attended ITT Tech may be able to have their debt forgiven by applying to the US Department of Education for a borrower defense to repayment.[39] However, US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos announced on July 25, 2018, that the borrower defense rule would be rewritten and replaced with a stricter repayment policy starting July 1, 2019.[40][41] On December 13, 2018, a US federal court ruled that the Department's decision to do this was "arbitrary and capricious." The court sided with plaintiffs in invalidating the stay put in place by the Department of Education. There will be an additional hearing on December 14, 2018 to "address remedies." [42][43]AcademicsITT Tech students were characterized by the school as "older and balancing family obligations with underemployment."[44] The company's web site stated: "The programs employ traditional, applied and adult-learning pedagogies and are delivered through traditional, accelerated and distance methodologies in a learner-centered environment of mutual respect."[45] ITT Tech offered associate, bachelor's, and master's (business-only, online) degrees. The state of Pennsylvania was the only state which forbade ITT Tech to offer master's degrees. {{as of|2015|December|31|df=US}}, the ITT Technical Institutes were offering 49 education programs in various fields of study.[3] At the vast majority of campuses, the academic schedule was organized on the basis of four 12-week academic quarters in a calendar year, with new students beginning at the start of each academic quarter. Using that calendar, students taking a full course load could complete associate degree programs in seven or eight academic quarters, bachelor's degree programs in 14 or 15 academic quarters or a master's degree program in seven academic quarters.[3] Depending on student enrollment, class sessions at ITT Technical Institute campuses were generally available during the day and evening. The courses for education programs that were taught online were delivered through an asynchronous learning network and had a prescribed schedule for completion of the coursework. At the vast majority of ITT Technical Institute campuses, the class schedule for education program residence courses and the coursework completion schedule for online courses generally provided students with the flexibility to maintain employment concurrently with their studies. Student surveys indicated that a majority of ITT Technical Institute students worked at least part-time during their programs of study. A significant portion of classes involved practical study in a lab environment.[3] AccreditationITT Tech was nationally accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS). According to ITT Educational Services' annual report for fiscal year 2015, 31 campuses and more than 400 programs were not meeting ACICS standards for student retention.[3] Per the ITT Tech web site, "it is unlikely that any credits earned at an ITT Technical Institute will be transferable to or accepted by any institution other than an ITT Technical Institute."[45] In April 2016, ACICS issued the company a "show cause" order to request information establishing why the accreditor should continue to accredit the institution, since its programs did not comply with certain standards.[46] RankingsIn 2015, financial news site TheStreet.com ranked ITT Technical Institute-Seattle on a list of "10 Best U.S. Two-Year Colleges That Actually Pay Off."[11] According to TheStreet.com, ITT's Seattle campus ranked fourth in terms of alumni reporting rewarding careers, only after its sister ITT Technical Institute schools in San Antonio, West Houston and San Diego.[11] Legal issuesIn August 1998, 15 former students alleged misrepresentation, fraud and concealment by ITT arising out of their recruitment and education at ITT campuses. In September 1998, ITT settled all of the claims.[47] On February 25, 2004, federal agents raided the company's headquarters and ten of its campuses in Indiana, Texas, Virginia, Florida, Louisiana, Nevada, California and Oregon.[48] The investigation negatively affected the company's stock and triggered several class action lawsuits by investors.[49][50] In 2004 the Office of the Attorney General for the State of California ("CAG") investigated ITT Technical Institutes in California. The CAG's investigation was in response qui tam actions filed against the company under the state and/or federal False Claims Acts alleging that ITT Tech falsified records relating to student attendance, grades and academic progress, falsified student grade point average calculations used to qualify students for financial aid under the State's Cal Grant Program and retaliated against employees who may have complained about those alleged acts.[51] In 2004, Omer Waddles, ESI's CEO, and a former counsel for Edward Kennedy, resigned.[52][53] In October 2005, ITT agreed to pay $730,000 to settle a lawsuit with California in which employees alleged that it inflated students' grade point averages so they qualified for more financial aid from the State of California.[54] A February 2011 investigative report by WTMJ-TV in Milwaukee found evidence of widespread grade inflation at the school's Milwaukee area location in Greenfield. In one instance, a student got 100% on a computer forensics assignment by emailing the professor a noodle recipe. The station believed this to be a way to increase federal student aid funding.[55] In 2013, a complaint was filed against ESI and two ESI executive officers in US District Court for the Southern District of New York regarding securities. The Massachusetts Laborers' Annuity Fund filed a similar complaint and the cases were consolidated. The Plumbers and Pipefitters National Pension Fund and Metropolitan Water Reclamation District Retirement Fund were the lead plaintiffs.[72] Students continue to allege that private loans with JP Morgan Chase and other banks are predatory.[73] In 2013 USA Today listed more than 50 ITT campuses as "red flag" schools because their student loan default rates were higher than their graduation rates.[56] On February 26, 2014, the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau (CFPB) sued ITT, alleging that they used high-pressure tactics to coerce students into high-interest private loans that were likely to end in default.[57][58] ESI is also being investigated by at least a dozen state attorneys general for allegations of fraud and deceptive marketing.[59][60][61] On October 19, 2015, the U.S. Department of Education announced that because of the company's failure "to meet its fiduciary obligations," it was being placed under "heightened cash monitoring".[62] According to a July 2014 Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) committee report, 57% of ITT programs would fail the Department of Education's proposed Gainful Employment rule.[63] In a 2015 federal whistleblower lawsuit, a former ITT Tech dean of academic affairs alleged that the company (1) directed recruiters to use coercive tactics to pressure students into enrolling, (2) admitted students who were unable to succeed at the school, (3) unlawfully paid sales commissions to recruiters, and (4) lied to students about their financial obligations and transferability of ITT credits to other schools, and about the jobs students could expect to get after graduating.[64] In 2015, The California Department of Veterans Affairs (CalVet) temporarily ordered ITT Tech to stop enrolling new or returning students who fund their educations with GI Bill benefits.[65] In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced fraud charges against ITT Educational Services Inc., its chief executive officer Kevin Modany, and its chief financial officer Daniel Fitzpatrick.[66] In 2016, Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey sued ITT Educational Services for allegedly "misleading and harassing students." [67][68] Breckinridge nurses also sued ITT Education for fraud.[69] The following states issued subpoenas or Civil Investigative Demands against ITT Tech between the beginning of 2004 and the end of May 2014, under the authority of their consumer protection statutes: Arkansas, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Washington.[70] On August 25, 2016, the U.S. Department of Education banned ITT Tech from enrolling students who receive federal aid and at the same time doubled the surety funds that ITT Tech was required to have, and to produce those funds within 30 days. Stock markets reacted with a punishing 35% drop which triggered a halt in trading, raising concerns about whether ITT Educational would be able to survive this latest decision.[71] On September 6, 2016, ITT Tech ceased operations and closed all of its locations, issuing a statement that attributed the closing to the Department of Education's actions.[30] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ittesi.com/index.php?s=20|title=Management & Directors|publisher=}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/itt-educational-services-inc-reports-103000451.html|title=ITT Educational Services, Inc. Reports 2016 Second Quarter Results|publisher=|access-date=2017-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214172722/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/itt-educational-services-inc-reports-103000451.html|archive-date=2017-02-14|dead-url=yes|df=}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web| url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/922475/000119312516504396/d129120d10k.htm |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission| title=Form 10-K Annual Report - For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 |date=March 15, 2016}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web | url = http://www.ittchapter7.com/ | title = ITT Educational Services, Inc., et al. | access-date = October 31, 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.educationdive.com/news/itt-trustee-sues-ed-department-lenders-to-help-pay-15b-in-claims/533054/|title=ITT trustee sues Ed Department, lenders to help pay $1.5B in claims|website=Education Dive}} 6. ^"FAQ{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}." ITT Technical Institute. Retrieved on November 23, 2011. "Our principal executive offices are located at: ITT Educational Services, Inc. 13000 North Meridian Street, Carmel, Indiana 46032" 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.breckinridgenursing.com/campus/|title=Breckinridge School of Nursing and Health Sciences @ ITT Technical Institute.|publisher=}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://online.barrons.com/article/SB50001424053111904857404577333971078578982.html|title=Clever Is as Clever Does|author=Bill Alpert|date=April 14, 2012|work=barrons.com}} 9. ^{{cite web| url=http://programinfo.itt-tech.edu/cost.pdf| publisher=ITT Educational Services, Inc.| title=2014/2015 Total Cost of Attendance Table| access-date=2013-08-22| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021061348/http://programinfo.itt-tech.edu/cost.pdf| archive-date=2013-10-21| dead-url=yes| df=}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/2135100-college-chain-faces-mounting-troubles/|title=College Chain Faces Mounting Troubles|date=August 10, 2016|publisher=}} 11. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.thestreet.com/story/13345275/7/10-best-u-s-two-year-colleges-that-actually-pay-off.html|title=10 Best U.S. Two-Year Colleges That Actually Pay Off|last=McClay|first=Rebecca|date=October 31, 2015|language=en-US|access-date=July 7, 2016}} 12. ^1 2 "[https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/search/?name=ITT%20Technical%20Institute%20&sort=advantage:desc&page=1 ITT Technical Institute]". College Scorecard Data. United States Department of Education. 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/itt-tech-institute-tv-ads-brand-building-best-article-1.2783203|title=ITT Tech Institute’s TV ads were brand-building at its best - NY Daily News|first=Paul|last=Friederichsen|website=nydailynews.com}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dailykos.com/story/2016/8/27/1564468/-The-Death-of-For-Profit-Colleges|title=The Death of For Profit Colleges|website=Daily Kos}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/education/2017/01/11/look-inside-itt-techs-closed-carmel-headquarters/96118888/|title=A look inside ITT Tech's closed Carmel headquarters|website=Indianapolis Star}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ittesi.com/index.php?s=52|title=FAQ|website=ITT Educational Services, Inc. - Investor Relations}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.insider-monitor.com/trading/cik922475-2.html|title=Insider Trading Activities at Itt Educational Services Inc (ESI) , Part 2|website=www.insider-monitor.com}} 18. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSIN20070124073136ESI20070124 |title=ITT Educational announces that Rene Champagne, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, will step down|publisher=The Thomson Reuters |website=www.reuters.com |date=June 24, 2007}} 19. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/itt-educational-services-inc-appoints-kevin-m-modany-as-president-and-chief-operating-officer-54417182.html|title=ITT Educational Services, Inc. Appoints Kevin M. Modany As President and Chief Operating Officer|publisher=PR Newswire |website=www.prnewswire.com |date=April 26, 2005}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.chronicle.com/article/Parent-of-ITT-Technical/42800|title=Parent of ITT Technical Institutes Buys Nonprofit Daniel Webster College|author=Blumenstyk, Goldie|publisher=Chronicle.com|date=April 23, 2009|accessdate=June 17, 2009}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.seacoastonline.com/articles/20090504-NEWS-905040323|publisher=SeacoastOnline.com|title= N.H. College: Without sale, accreditation would go|date=May 4, 2009}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/6063012/A-level-results-grade-inflation-is-just-a-cruel-confidence-trick.html|title=A-level results: grade inflation is just a cruel confidence trick|publisher=}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/07/03/financial_pressure_forces_reinvention_at_small_colleges|publisher=Boston.com|author=Jan, Tracy|title=Financial Pressure Forces Reinvention at Small Colleges|date=July 3, 2009}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?ContentBlockID=e45d9b85-b3ea-4f38-9ce8-70c522a379df|title=Daniel Webster College President Fired|author=|publisher=Aero News Network|date=August 7, 2009|accessdate=September 17, 2016}} 25. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2014/12/14/369925385/a-for-profit-college-tries-the-charter-school-market|title=A For-Profit College Tries The Charter School Market|publisher=NPR |last=Kamenetz |first=Anya |date=December 14, 2014 |accessdate=2016-09-06}} 26. ^"The Early Career Academy Charter School: Application".Early Career Academy, Inc. March 15, 2013. "Each of the 147 ITT Tech campus' student population represents the communities in which they reside, and we believe this will be observed with The Early Career Academy. Based on the 2012, data the average age of the ITT Tech student is 28 years old and one in five has an average of 26.9 hours of transfer credit; and 68 percent take advantage of Pell grant. This tells us they that many of these students have tried other postsecondary institutions and for some reason it did not work for them. It also tells us that they do not have substantial means. Many are the first in their extended family to graduate from college. Many of these students have lost a decade of productive work in a career and consequently have not entered the middle class. They are part of the educational have-nots and are at ITT Tech to reverse course. We believe that we will attract these same types of students a decade earlier allowing them to forego the lost decade. The Early Career Academy will eliminate the lost decade, providing entrance into the middle class, the American Dream and a career of which they can be proud." 27. ^"Form 4 ITT EDUCATIONAL SERVICES For: Jul 18 Filed by: Zhang Zhifeng". ITT Educational Services Inc. StreetInsider.com. July 18, 2016. 28. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/money/2016/08/29/itt-tech-ceases-all-student-enrollment/89531284/ |title=ITT Tech ceases all student enrollment |last=Briggs |first=James |publisher=The Indianapolis Star |website=IndyStar.com |date=August 29, 2016 |accessdate=September 6, 2016}} 29. ^1 {{cite web| url=https://gizmodo.com/rest-in-peace-itt-tech-you-bastards-1785946020?rev=1472574882262 |last=Nunez |first=Michael |title=Rest In Peace ITT Tech, You Bastards |website=Gizmodo.com |date=August 30, 2016 |accessdate=2016-09-06}} 30. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2016/09/06/itt-technical-institute-closes-all-campuses/ |title=ITT Technical Institute Closes All Campuses |publisher=WJZ-TV |date=September 6, 2016 |accessdate=September 6, 2016}} 31. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.itt-tech.edu/campus |title=Our Campuses |publisher=ITT Technical Institute |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422154153/https://www.itt-tech.edu/campus/ |archivedate=April 22, 2016 }} 32. ^{{cite news |first=Ashley A. |last=Smith |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/09/07/itt-tech-shuts-down-all-campuses |title=The End for ITT Tech |website=Inside Higher Ed |date=September 7, 2016 }} 33. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.unionleader.com/article/20160913/NEWS04/160919721|title=SNHU to 'rescue' Daniel Webster College|author=Hayward, Mark|publisher=New Hampshire Union Leader|date=September 13, 2016|accessdate=September 13, 2016}} 34. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.unionleader.com/education/SNHU-offers-to-buy-Daniel-Webster-College-campus-09192016|title=SNHU offers to buy Daniel Webster College campus|author=Houghton, Kimberly|publisher=New Hampshire Union Leader|date=September 19, 2016}} 35. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.snhu.edu/about-us/news-and-events/2017/01/daniel-webster-students|title=SNHU Welcomes Daniel Webster Students (and Programs) to Campus|author=Carley, Shane|publisher=Southern New Hampshire University|date=January 17, 2017|accessdate=February 15, 2017}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wmur.com/article/snhu-will-not-buy-former-daniel-webster-college-campus-university-rep-says/10384402|title=SNHU will not buy former Daniel Webster College campus, university rep says|author=Swanson, Cassidy|date=July 30, 2017|accessdate=July 31, 2017}} 37. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://time.com/money/3426618/student-loan-default-factories/ |title=The 5 Colleges That Leave the Most Students Crippled By Debt |last=Clark |first=Kim |publisher=Time |website=time.com |date=September 24, 2014 |accessdate=September 6, 2016}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/01/24/plan-bring-relief-itt-students-gets-preliminary/eGMijmjs2gOPA9N1PxZyeP/story.html|title=Plan to bring relief to ITT students gets preliminary OK - The Boston Globe|first=Deirdre Fernandes-|last=Reporter|website=BostonGlobe.com}} 39. ^https://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/about/announcements/itt 40. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/betsy-devos-borrower-defense-703541/|title=Betsy DeVos’ New Proposal Aligns Her With For-Profit Colleges Over Debt-Saddled Students|first1=Andy|last1=Kroll|first2=Andy|last2=Kroll|date=25 July 2018|publisher=}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/prestoncooper2/2018/08/02/borrower-defense-trump-administration-sullies-otherwise-sensible-reforms/|title=Borrower Defense: Trump Administration Sullies Otherwise Sensible Reforms|first=Preston|last=Cooper|website=Forbes}} 42. ^https://c-6rtwjumjzx7877x24jhkx2eihix2ezx78htzwyx78x2elta.g00.chicagotribune.com/g00/3_c-6bbb.hmnhfltywngzsj.htr_/c-6RTWJUMJZX77x24myyux78x3ax2fx2fjhk.ihi.zx78htzwyx78.ltax2fhln-gnsx2fx78mtb_uzgqnh_ithx3f7562ha6885-32_$/$/$?i10c.ua=1&i10c.dv=18 43. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-betsy-devos-student-loan-lawsuit-for-profit-colleges-fraud-20180913-story.html|title=Federal court rules against Betsy DeVos in student loan lawsuit over for-profit colleges fraud cases|first=Maria|last=Danilova|website=chicagotribune.com}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/itt-technical-institute-freezes-tuition-for-sixth-straight-year-300273974.html|title=ITT Technical Institute Freezes Tuition for Sixth Straight Year|first=ITT Educational Services,|last=Inc.|publisher=}} 45. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://www.itt-tech.edu| title=ITT Technical Institute| publisher=ITT Technical Institute| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025223746/http://www.itt-tech.edu/| archivedate=2005-10-25| df=}} 46. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2016/04/21/under-scrutiny-itself-profit-accreditor-gets-tough-itt-tech| publisher=Inside Higher Ed| title=Under Scrutiny Itself, For-Profit Accreditor Gets Tough With ITT Tech| date=April 22, 2016}} 47. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/922475/0000950131-99-000363.txt |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission| title=Final Prospectus - Filed Pursuant To Rule 424(b)(4) |date=January 27, 1999}} 48. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/TECH/biztech/02/26/itttech.subpoenas.ap/index.html |title=Feds serve warrants at ITT Tech campuses |date=February 26, 2004 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206065801/http://www.cnn.com/2004/TECH/biztech/02/26/itttech.subpoenas.ap/index.html |archivedate=February 6, 2006 |df= }} 49. ^{{cite web|url=http://certcities.com/editorial/news/story.asp?EditorialsID=571|title=MCPmag.com – Microsoft Certified Professional Magazine Online|work=certcities.com}} 50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.crn.com/it-channel/18831505 |title=ITT's CEO Expects Lengthy Federal Investigation, Stock Slips |publisher=Channel Web Network |date=February 26, 2004 |author=Mark Jewell |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322194912/http://www.crn.com/it-channel/18831505 |archivedate=March 22, 2009 |df= }} 51. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/922475/000119312506026673/d10ka.htm|title=Amendment No. 1 to the Form 10-K|website=www.sec.gov}} 52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ittesi.com/index.php?s=43&item=25|title=News Releases|website=ITT Educational Services, Inc. - Investor Relations}} 53. ^http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/itt-educational-services-inc-announces-that-omer-waddles-joins-management-team-as-executive-vice-president-75074702.html 54. ^{{cite web|url=http://insidehighered.com/news/2005/10/18/itt|title=ITT, Calif. Settle False Claims Lawsuit|work=insidehighered.com}} 55. ^{{cite news|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218070029/http://www.todaystmj4.com/features/iteam/116207719.html|archivedate=February 18, 2011|url=http://www.todaystmj4.com/features/iteam/116207719.html|title=I-Team: Easy A's|last=Diamant|first=Aaron|work=WGBA-TV|accessdate=November 2, 2014}} 56. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/07/02/college-default-rates-higher-than-grad-rates/2480295/|title=College default rates higher than grad rates|author=Mary Beth Marklein, Jodi Upton and Sandhya Kambhampati, USA TODAY|date=July 2, 2013|work=USA TODAY}} 57. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.consumerfinance.gov/newsroom/cfpb-sues-for-profit-college-chain-itt-for-predatory-lending/|title=CFPB Sues For-Profit College Chain ITT For Predatory Lending|work=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau}} 58. ^{{cite web|last=Lopez |first=Ricardo |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-cfpb-itt-tech-enforcement-action-20140226,0,6644352.story#axzz2uXZbHPTZ |title=Regulator accuses ITT for-profit college chain of predatory lending |publisher=latimes.com |date= |accessdate=February 27, 2014}} 59. ^1 {{cite web| url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/922475/000119312514418646/d819922d10q.htm |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission| title=Form 10-Q Quarterly Report - For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2014 |date=November 19, 2014}} 60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/state-attorneys-general-o_b_4677145.html|title=State Attorneys General Open Major Investigations of Big For-Profit Colleges|work=The Huffington Post}} 61. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303819704579318872286744010|title=CFPB, State Attorneys General Expand For-Profit College Probe – WSJ|author1=Stephanie Armour |author2=Alan Zibel |date=January 13, 2014|work=WSJ}} 62. ^Nick DeSantis and Goldie Blumenstyk, "U.S. Tightens Restrictions on ITT's Access to Federal Student Aid", Chronicle of Higher Education, October 20, 2015 Accessed Oct 21, 2015 63. ^{{cite web| url=http://static1.squarespace.com/static/556718b2e4b02e470eb1b186/t/56007ca2e4b0a6f05d145686/1442872482088/ITT+Profile-TC+Edits.pdf| publisher=SquareSpace| title=ITT Summary: 2012 U.S. Senate Committee Finding + 2015 Update}} 64. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/blockbuster-lawsuit-claim_b_9040584.html| publisher=Huffington Post| title=Blockbuster Lawsuit Claims Abusive Practices Persist at ITT Tech| date=January 21, 2016| author=David Halperin}} 65. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.military.com/education/2015/05/18/california-suspends-itt-tech-gi-bill-eligibility.html| publisher=Military.com| title=California Suspends ITT Tech GI Bill Eligibility| date=May 18, 2015}} 66. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.sec.gov/news/pressrelease/2015-86.html| publisher=U.S. Securities And Exchange Commission| title=SEC Announces Fraud Charges Against ITT Educational Services| date=May 12, 2015}} 67. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/massachusetts-sues-itt-te_b_9610440.html| publisher=Huffington Post| title=Massachusetts Sues ITT Tech for Misleading and Harassing Students| author=David Halperon| date=April 4, 2016}} 68. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Education/2016/0405/Massachusetts-sues-ITT-Tech-alleging-predatory-practices| publisher=The Christian Science Monitor| title=Massachusetts sues ITT Tech, alleging predatory practices | author=Bamzi Banchiri| date=April 5, 2016}} 69. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.courthousenews.com/2016/04/08/students-say-itt-recruiters-misled-them.htm| publisher=Courthouse News Service| title=Students Say ITT Recruiters Misled Them| author=Kevin Lessmiller| date=April 8, 2016| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417034214/http://www.courthousenews.com/2016/04/08/students-say-itt-recruiters-misled-them.htm| archivedate=April 17, 2016| df=}} 70. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/pr-reports/for-profit-gov-investigations.pdf| publisher=National Consumer Law Center| title=Government Investigations and Lawsuits Involving For-Profit Schools (2004 – May 2014)}} 71. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ibj.com/articles/60122-feds-ban-itt-educational-from-enrolling-students-on-federal-aid| publisher=Indianapolis Business Journal| title=Feds ban ITT Educational from enrolling students on federal aid (2016 – Aug 2016)}} External links
15 : 1969 establishments in Indiana|2016 disestablishments in Indiana|Carmel, Indiana|Colleges accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools|Companies based in Indiana|Companies established in 1946|Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange|Companies traded over-the-counter in the United States|Companies that have filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy|Educational institutions established in 1946|Former for-profit universities and colleges in the United States|Educational institutions disestablished in 2016|ITT Corporation|Vocational education in the United States|Companies disestablished in 2016 |
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