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Jack Hylton (born John Greenhalgh Hilton,^[1] 2 July 1892 – 29 January 1965) was an English pianist, composer, band leader and impresario.

Hylton rose to prominence during the British dance band era, being referred as the "British King of Jazz" and "The Ambassador of British Dance Music" by the musical press, not only because of his popularity which extended throughout the world, but also for his use of unusually large ensembles for the time and his polished arrangements. He mostly retired from the music industry after 1940, becoming a successful theatrical businessman until his death.

Early life and career

He was born John Greenhalgh Hylton in Great Lever near Bolton, Lancashire, the son of George Hilton, a cotton yarn twister. His father was an amateur singer at the local Labour Club and Hylton learned piano to accompany him on the stage. Hylton later sang to the customers when his father bought a pub in nearby Little Lever, becoming known as the "Singing Mill-Boy". He also performed as a relief pianist for various bands.

His early career involved moving to London as a pianist in the 400 Club and playing with the Stroud Haxton Band. During the First World War, he moved to be a musical director of the band of the 20th Hussars and later in the Army Entertainment Division.

After the First World War Hylton formed a double act with Tommy Handley to little success, also collaborating in a number of short-lived stage shows. He then played with the "Queens" Dance Orchestra, wrote arrangements of popular songs and recorded them for His Master's Voice and Zonophone under the label "Directed by Jack Hylton" (being credited in lieu of a pay raise), his records carrying the new style of jazz-derived American dance music.

1920s and '30s

After being dismissed by his own bandmates from the Queen's Hall in 1922, Hylton not only set up his own band, but also set up a number of other orchestras under the Jack Hylton Organisation. Even though he was not professionally trained for business, he brought his band to success even at a time when the Great Depression hit hard during the 1930s. His good reputation allowed him to make contacts with famous jazz artists of the time, hence the reason he was credited for bringing Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong and others to Britain and Europe in the 1930s.^[2]

An ensemble consisting at times of more than 20 musicians, the Hylton orchestra quickly stood out from the rest. Unlike many other bandleaders who took up residences at nightclubs and ballrooms, Hylton often embarked on lengthy tours of England, which ultimately molded the concept most Britons had of jazz. By the mid-1920s he was usually referred as the "British King of Jazz", a notion Hylton initially dismissed. As late as 1926, he thought of jazz as "a bunch of noises" popular at the end of the First World War, "when everything was topsy-turvy". Hylton first appeared on radio through station 2LO in 1924 and cut HMV's first electric record in 1925.

The second half of the 1920s marked Hylton's highest point of prominence. After recovering from a near-fatal car accident – which took place on 20 January 1927, on the way to the HMV studios at Hayes, Middlesex^[3] – he made the first in a string of "continental tours" that lasted until 1930. The orchestra's line-up also included some of the most skilled musicians of the time. "Regular" players included saxophonists Billy Ternent (who was also the band's main arranger and co-leader), Edward Owen (E.O.) "Poggy" Pogson and Noel "Chappie" d'Amato, trumpeter/cornetist Jack Jackson, trombonist Lew Davis, violinists Hugo Rignold and Harry Berly, pianist/arranger Peter Yorke, and (from 1928) singer Sam Browne. The orchestra was often augmented with members of other Hylton-controlled bands, especially for 12-inch "concert arrangements". Between four and five million records sold in 1929 (out of 50 million overall) were made by Hylton according to the Daily Herald in 7 June 1930,^[4] even though 3 million has been suggested as a more accurate figure.

By the time the Depression started biting in 1930, Hylton downsized his band and began performing in Europe less frequently; that same year, however, Maurice Chevalier recorded with Hylton, who also made the first record of "Body and Soul" and Pat O'Malley replaced Browne as vocalist. In 1930 they recorded Amy, Wonderful Amy, a song about Amy Johnson. ^[5] Hylton also became a director and major shareholder of the new Decca record label, switching from HMV in late 1931. In 1932, Hylton was condecorated by the French government, recording with Paul Robeson the same year and making the first transatlantic entertainment broadcast with Paul Whiteman and his orchestra. In late 1933, he left Decca after refusing to take a pay cut, not making records until 1935 when he rejoined HMV. Hylton spent 1934 touring Europe again, and adopted "The Soldiers in the Park" (more commonly known as "Oh Listen to the Band") as his signature tune.^[6] In 1935 he appeared in his first feature film, the musical comedy She Shall Have Music, which starred June Clyde and Claude Dampier.

That same year, Hylton finally was able to perform in the United States, something he had repeatedly attempted for almost a decade, but had been opposed by the musician unions (a 1929 tour was cancelled at the last minute). Standard Oil signed Hylton for a radio show on CBS, not only paying him and his star players, but also paying all expenses for those band members unable to play in the U.S. While in Chicago, Hylton made a number of records with his radio band for Victor. Union pressure led him to return to the UK in 1936, although Pat O'Malley and Alec Templeton stayed in America, making a name for themselves.

Upon returning to Britain, he was criticised for adopting the then-popular swing rhythm, so he kept playing in his well-established style, including a series of new "concert recordings". After a new tour of Europe in 1937, which included a performance at the Scala in Nazi Germany, Hylton began appearing on radio more frequently, starring in Radio Luxembourg's Rinso Radio Revue until 1939, when he appeared in BBC's Band Waggon as well as its 1940 film adaption.

1940s and '50s

The Jack Hylton orchestra disbanded in 1940 as many of its members were called up for service, although Jack continued to conduct orchestras for radio in the years to come, leading the Glenn Miller Orchestra when it visited England in 1943. During the war, he took the London Philharmonic Orchestra around Britain, giving promenade concerts. This helped to keep the orchestra going when its normal programme had ceased and it was on the edge of bankruptcy.^[7]

At this point in his career he became an impresario discovering new stars and managing radio, film and theatre productions from ballets to circuses. His productions dominated the London theatres with such productions as The Merry Widow, Kiss Me, Kate, and Kismet.

In 1950 he reunited with a number of his former employees, many of whom had become successful in their own right, for that year's Royal Command Performance, billed as "The Band that Jack Built". Despite their success, Hylton resisted calls for his return to band-leading.

In 1954 there were rumours that he would stand for Parliament from Bolton, where he was a prominent member of the local Labour Party branch.

In November 1955 he was contracted as Advisor of Light Entertainment to Associated-Rediffusion (A-R), winners of the London weekday franchise in the recently established ITV network. He founded Jack Hylton Television Productions, Ltd. in that same month to produce a range of light entertainment programming exclusively for A-R. In spite of their popularity however, the company's productions were of low quality, with performers even apologising in front of millions of viewers at times. This in turn, would establish ITV's reputation for coarseness, a stigma it would only shake off by the 1970s. Hylton refused to renew his ITV contract in 1959; the last shows made by the company were broadcast in 1960.

1960s

In his final years, Hylton was still producing stage shows, as well as taking a leading role in organising various Royal Command Performances, until his final stage production Camelot in 1965.

In 1965 a televised tribute to Hylton, The Stars Shine for Jack, was held in London on Sunday 30 May at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane with many artists including Arthur Askey, the Crazy Gang, Marlene Dietrich, Dickie Henderson and Shirley Bassey.

Personal life

Hylton was married twice; firstly in 1913 in St. Asaph, Flintshire, Wales, to bandleader Ennis Parkes (born Florence Parkinson). They separated in 1929, but remained relatively close until Parkes's death in 1957, despite the formation of a short-lived "Mrs. Jack Hylton Band" in the mid-1930s. During the 1930s he had a long affair with model Frederika Kogler ("Fifi"), with whom he had two daughters: Jackie (b. 1932) and Georgina (b. 1938). He also had a son, Jack (b. 1947) by a later affair with Pat Taylor, a singer and actress.

He secondly married in Geneva in 1963, to Australian model and beauty queen Beverley Prowse (1932–2000).^[8]^[9]^[10]

Death

On 26 January 1965, complaining of chest and stomach pains, Hylton was admitted to the London Clinic. He died there three days later, from a heart attack, aged 72. Hylton's spending habits and generosity left his estate with £242,288. Hylton said to his son during his latter years, "I won't leave you much, but we'll have a good laugh spending it while I'm here!"^[11]

He is buried in the churchyard of St Catherine at Gosfield, Essex. His wife Beverley is buried beside him.

Specialist dance band radio stations, such as Radio Dismuke and Swing Street Radio, continue to play his records. Jack Hylton also features regularly on the Manx Radio programme Sweet & Swing, presented by Howard Caine.

His 1930 recording of Happy Days Are Here Again was used during the closing credits of episode four of Ken Burns's documentary series, "The Roosevelts".

Popular culture

References

1. ^He legally changed his name to Jack Hylton by deed poll on 10 November 1937: {{London Gazette|issue=34464|page=7973|date=17 December 1937}}
2. ^Mawer 2008, 271.
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jackhylton.com/biography/ |title=Biography |date=2015 |work= |publisher=JackHylton.com |accessdate=12 January 2018}}
4. ^Deborah Mawer, "'Parisomania'? Jack Hylton and the French Connection", Journal of the Royal Musical Association, Vol. 133 No. 2 (2008): 271.
5. ^https://lyricsplayground.com/alpha/songs/a/amy.html
6. ^{{cite book |last1=Ades |first1=David |first2=Percy |last2=Bickerdyke|first3=Eric |last3=Holmes |title=This England's Book of British Dance Bands |location=Cheltenham |publisher=This England Books |date=July 1999 |pages=14–17 |isbn=0-906324-25-4}}
7. ^Berta Geissmar (1944), The Baton and the Jackboot, Hamish Hamilton, pp 374–75, 377
8. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article104250838 |title=JACK HYLTON WEDS BEAUTY. |newspaper=The Canberra Times |date=20 April 1963 |access-date=27 November 2015 |page=9 |via=National Library of Australia}}
9. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47815053 |title=JACK HYLTON'S WEDDING. |newspaper=The Australian Women's Weekly | date=1 May 1963 |access-date=27 November 2015 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}
10. ^Beverley Hylton later married Australian newspaperman Alick Benson McKay, {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110712417 |title=Newspaper executive remarries. |newspaper=The Canberra Times |date=1 June 1973 |access-date=27 November 2015 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}
11. ^Jack Hylton official website