| 词条 | James Hartle |
| 释义 |
|name = James B. Hartle |image = JimHartle1.jpg |image_size = 240px |caption = Jim Hartle at Harvard University. |birth_name = James Burkett Hartle |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1939|8|20}} |birth_place = Baltimore, Maryland |death_date = |death_place = |residence = United States |citizenship = United States |nationality = American |ethnicity = |fields = General Relativity Astrophysics Quantum Mechanics |workplaces = University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Fe Institute |alma_mater = California Institute of Technology |doctoral_advisor = |notable_students = |known_for = |awards = |religion = |influences = |footnotes = }} James Burkett Hartle (August 20, 1939) is an American physicist. He has been a professor of physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara since 1966, and he is currently a member of the external faculty of the Santa Fe Institute. Hartle is known for his work in general relativity, astrophysics, and interpretation of quantum mechanics. WorkIn collaboration with Murray Gell-Mann and others, Hartle developed an alternative to the standard Copenhagen interpretation, more general and appropriate to quantum cosmology, based on consistent histories. With Dieter Brill in 1964, he discovered the Brill–Hartle geon, an approximate solution realizing Wheeler's suggestion of a hypothetical phenomenon in which a gravitational wave packet is confined to a compact region of spacetime by the gravitational attraction of its own field energy.[1] With Kip Thorne, Hartle derived from general relativity the laws of motion and precession of black holes and other relativistic bodies, including the influence of the coupling of their multipole moments to the spacetime curvature of nearby objects,[2] as well as writing down the Hartle-Thorne metric, an approximate solution which describes the exterior of a slowly and rigidly rotating, stationary and axially symmetric body. Working at the Enrico Fermi Institute at the University of Chicago in 1983, he developed the Hartle–Hawking wavefunction of the Universe in collaboration with Stephen Hawking. This specific solution to the Wheeler–deWitt equation is meant to explain the initial conditions of the Big Bang cosmology. Hartle is the author of the textbook on general relativity entitled Gravity: an Introduction to Einstein's General Relativity.[3] References1. ^{{cite journal |author1=Brill, D. R. |author2=Hartle, J. B. | title= Method of the Self-Consistent Field in General Relativity and its Application to the Gravitational Geon| journal=Phys. Rev. | year=1964 | volume=135 | pages=B271 | doi= 10.1103/PhysRev.135.B271|bibcode = 1964PhRv..135..271B }} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hartle|first1=James|last2=Thorne|first2=Kip S.|title=Laws of motion and precession for black holes and other bodies|journal=Physical Review D|volume=31|issue=8|pages=1815–1837|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.31.1815 |date=1985|bibcode = 1985PhRvD..31.1815T }} 3. ^{{cite book | author=Hartle, James B. | title=Gravity: an Introduction to Einstein's General Relativity | location=San Francisco | publisher=Addison–Wesley | year=2003 | isbn=0-8053-8662-9}}, External links
12 : Living people|21st-century American physicists|American textbook writers|American male non-fiction writers|University of California, Santa Barbara faculty|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|1939 births|Guggenheim Fellows|Santa Fe Institute people|Members of the American Philosophical Society|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Fellows of the American Physical Society |
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