| 词条 | James L. Dozier | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=James Lee Dozier |birth_date= {{birth date and age|1931|04|10}} |death_date= |birth_place=Fort Myers, Florida, U.S. |death_place= |placeofburial= |placeofburial_label= |image= |caption=Dozier during his tenure at Fort Hood, Texas |nickname= |allegiance= United States of America |branch= United States Army |serviceyears=1950–1985 |rank= Major general |commands=Deputy Chief of Staff at NATO's Southern European land forces |unit= |battles=Cold War
|awards={{Plainlist|
}} |relations= }}James Lee Dozier (born April 10, 1931) is a retired United States Army officer. In December 1981, he was kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades Marxist terrorist group. He was rescued by NOCS, an Italian SWAT force, after 42 days of captivity. General Dozier was the deputy Chief of Staff at NATO's Southern European land forces headquarters at Verona, Italy. The Red Brigades, in a statement to the press, stated the reason behind kidnapping an American general was that the US and Italian governments had enjoyed excellent diplomatic relations and that Dozier was an American soldier invited to work in Italy, which justified their abduction. To date, Dozier is the only American flag officer to have been captured by a violent non-state actor.[1] Military careerDozier was born in Arcadia, Florida.[2] Dozier was graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1956. He was a classmate of General Norman Schwarzkopf.[3] He went to the Armor School at Fort Knox, Kentucky, for basic and advanced training in armored warfare. He served in the Vietnam War with the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment from 1968-1969 [4] where he was awarded the Silver Star medal[5] and later served tours of duty in the Pentagon and Germany. EducationDozier graduated from the U.S. Military Academy with a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering. Later he earned a Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Arizona. Dozier attended the Army Command and General Staff College and the Army War College.[6] KidnappingThen–Brigadier General Dozier was kidnapped from his apartment in Verona at approximately 6 pm on December 17, 1981, by four men posing as plumbers. It was later reported that as many as four additional terrorists provided support with multiple vehicles. His wife was not kidnapped, but was held at gunpoint briefly to coerce General Dozier to comply and the terrorists left her bound and chained in their apartment.[7] In Dr. Paul J. Smith's (National Security Affairs professor at the U.S. Naval War College)[8] paper The Italian Red Brigades (1969–1984): Political Revolution and Threats to the State: "For more than a month, Dozier's right wrist and left ankle were chained to a steel cot, which was placed under a small tent. He was also forced to live under the "never-extinguished glare of an electric bulb." Dozier's captors also required him to wear earphones and listen to loud music. During Dozier's captivity, the Red Brigades issued various communiqués to the government and the public generally, describing their demands or complaints. They issued the first communiqué only days after the kidnapping; it was striking for its lack of any ransom demand. Instead it dwelled on international matters of interest to the Red Brigades, including a tribute to the German Red Army Faction. Subsequent communiqués also failed to mention ransom demands and even lacked any particular reference to Dozier. The fifth communiqué, retrieved from a trash can in downtown Rome, contained a number of anti-NATO and anti-American statements but did not make any specific demands for Dozier's release."[9] The Red Brigades held Brigadier General Dozier for 42 days until January 28, 1982, when a team of NOCS (a special operations unit of the Italian police) successfully carried out his rescue from an apartment in Padua, without firing a shot, capturing the entire terrorist cell. The guard,[10] assigned to kill General Dozier in the event of a rescue attempt did not do so, and was overwhelmed by the rescuing force. After Dozier's return to the US Army in Vicenza, he was congratulated by telephone by President Reagan on regaining his freedom.[11] AftermathDozier was later promoted to major general and eventually retired from active military service. Awards and decorations{{more citations needed|section|date=January 2018}}During his military career he was awarded: Army Distinguished Service Medal, Silver Star and Purple Heart (for actions during Vietnam War), Ranger Tab and Parachutist Badge.[12] Ribbon bar
See also
References1. ^BBC ON THIS DAY | 28 | 1982: US general rescued from Red Brigade. BBC News (1986-01-28). Retrieved on 2011-08-28. 2. ^{{cite web|title=Man in the News; A Battle-hardened General|work=New York Times|date=1982-01-29|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/29/world/man-in-the-news-a-battle-hardened-general.html|accessdate=2015-01-28}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Retired Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf dies|work=NBC2|date=2012-12-27|url=http://www.nbc-2.com/story/20436676/ap-retired-gen-norman-schwarzkopf-dies|accessdate=2015-01-28}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Man in the News; A Battle-hardened General|work=New York Times|date=1982-01-29|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/29/world/man-in-the-news-a-battle-hardened-general.html|accessdate=2015-01-28}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=James L. Dozier|work=MilitaryTimes|url=http://projects.militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=70322|accessdate=2015-01-28|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20150128055954/http://projects.militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=70322|archivedate=2015-01-28|df=}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Man in the News; A Battle-hardened General|work=New York Times|date=1982-01-29|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/29/world/man-in-the-news-a-battle-hardened-general.html|accessdate=2015-01-28}} 7. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930044212/http://www.tkb.org/Incident.jsp?incID=3077 |date=September 30, 2007 }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.usnwc.edu/Academics/Faculty/Paul-Smith.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-01-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119144156/http://usnwc.edu/Academics/Faculty/Paul-Smith.aspx |archivedate=2013-01-19 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Oj4N5XCheowJ:www.jeffnorwitz.com/Documents/2%2520The%2520Italian%2520Red%2520Brigades.pdf+&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESitCY0R1zp7FBov2F378eP32jVE4Cg01vbt5w8G1VELLd0uo7K5li7KCUeH0yr66nugpT_bI92z5c8J6xg7oAMLeFmGK5-hOGLcMlCuhQqsorEE2mXSB0QNH8WSjJ1HfTd_1-Ic |title=The Italian Red Brigades (1969–1984): Political Revolution and Threats to the State |author=Dr. Paul J. Smith}} 10. ^Ugo Milani 11. ^Dozier, General James/Red Brigade Kidnapping Incident. Reagan.utexas.edu. Retrieved on 2011-08-28. 12. ^sptimes.com - Parade, service to honor veterans Further reading
External links
18 : 1931 births|American army personnel of the Vietnam War|Formerly missing people|Living people|Kidnapped American people|Missing person cases in Italy|People from Fort Myers, Florida|Recipients of the Air Medal|Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)|Recipients of the Legion of Merit|Recipients of the Silver Star|Red Brigades|Terrorism in Italy|United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni|United States Army generals|United States Army War College alumni|United States Military Academy alumni |
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