1. Early years

2. Career

3. Later life

4. References

5. Further reading

6. External links

Joan Maud Littlewood (6 October 1914 – 20 September 2002) was an English theatre director who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, and is best known for her work in developing the Theatre Workshop. She has been called "The Mother of Modern Theatre".^[2] Her production of Oh, What a Lovely War! in 1963 was one of her most influential pieces.

Littlewood and her company lived and slept in the Theatre Royal while it was restored. Productions of The Alchemist and Richard II, the latter starring Harry H. Corbett in the title role, established the reputation of the company.^[3]

She also conceived and developed the concept of the Fun Palace in collaboration with architect Cedric Price,^[3] an experimental model of a participatory social environment that, although never realized, has become an important influence in the architecture of the 20th and 21st centuries.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}}

Early years

Littlewood was born in Stockwell, London, and trained as an actress at RADA, but left after an unhappy start and moved to Manchester in 1934, where she met folksinger Jimmie Miller, who would later become known as Ewan MacColl. After joining his troupe, Theatre of Action, Littlewood and Miller were soon married. After a brief move to London, they returned to Manchester and set up the Theatre Union in 1936.

Career

In 1941, Littlewood was banned from broadcasting on the BBC. The ban was lifted two years later, when MI5 said she had broken off her association with the Communist Party. She was under surveillance by MI5 from 1939 until the 1950s.^[5]

In 1945, after the end of World War II, Littlewood, her husband the communist folk singer Ewan MacColl, and other Theatre Union members formed Theatre Workshop and registered it while staying at Ormesby Hall. The following eight years were spent touring. Shortly afterwards, when Gerry Raffles joined the troupe, MacColl and Littlewood divorced, though they still worked together for many years and Littlewood was godmother to MacColl's two children. Littlewood and Raffles were life partners until his death in 1975.

In 1953, after an attempt to establish a permanent base in Glasgow, Theatre Workshop took up residence at the Theatre Royal in Stratford, east London, where it gained an international reputation,^[6] performing plays across Europe and in the Soviet Union. One of Littlewood's most famous productions was the British première of Bertolt Brecht's Mother Courage and Her Children (1955), which she directed and also starred in. Her production of Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be, a musical about the London underworld, became a hit and ran from 1959 to 1962, transferring to the West End.

The works for which she is now best remembered are probably Shelagh Delaney's A Taste of Honey (1958), which gained critical acclaim, and the satirical musical Oh, What a Lovely War! (1963), her stage adaptation of a work for radio by Charles Chilton. Both were subsequently made into films. She received a Tony Award nomination for Best Direction of a Musical for Oh, What a Lovely War!, becoming the first woman nominated for the award. Theatre Workshop also championed the work of Irish playwright Brendan Behan.

Later life

After Raffles's death in 1975, Littlewood left Theatre Workshop and stopped directing. After a time of drifting she settled in France and became the companion of Baron Philippe de Rothschild, the vintner and poet, and wrote his memoirs, Milady Vine. In the mid-1980s, she commenced work on her 1994 autobiography, Joan's Book.^[7]

Littlewood died, in 2002, of natural causes at the age of 87 in the London flat of Peter Rankin.^[8][9]

References

Further reading

• Goorney, Howard, and Ewan MacColl (1990). Agit-Prop to Theatre Workshop: Political Playscripts, 1930-50. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. {{ISBN|0-7190-2211-8}}
• Littlewood, Joan (2003). Joan's Book: The Autobiography of Joan Littlewood. London: Methuen. {{ISBN|0-413-77318-3}}
• MacColl, Ewan (1990). Journeyman: An Autobiography. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. {{ISBN|0-283-06036-0}}
• Rankin, Peter (2014). Joan Littlewood: Dreams and Realities. London: Oberon Books. {{ISBN|978-1-78319-084-3}}

External links

• BBC Obituary: Theatre's defiant genius (21 September 2002)
• {{Find a Grave|8464129}}
• {{IBDB name}}
• {{IMDb name|514763}}
• History of Theatre Workshop at Stratford East
• Theatre Archive Project Interview with Harry Greene
• A tribute to Joan Littlewood by Jackie Fletcher
• Joan Littlewood (1914 - 2002) (The British Theatre guide)
• BBC Radio3: a personal, detailed portrayal (26 Oct. 2014)
• 'Behind the Seams' a 1938 BBC radio documentary, in which Joan Littlewood interviews miners at Willington Colliery, Co Durham.

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