“John Filo”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

John Paul Filo ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|aɪ|l|oʊ}}; born August 21, 1948) is a photographer^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] whose picture of 14-year-old runaway Mary Ann Vecchio screaming while kneeling over the dead body of 20-year-old Jeffrey Miller, one of the victims of the Kent State shootings, won him the Pulitzer Prize in 1970. At the time, Filo was both a photojournalism student at Kent State University, and staffer of a satellite paper for the Greensburg Tribune-Review.

Biography

After winning the Pulitzer Prize while working for the Valley Daily News (a Gannett paper) of the Pittsburgh suburb of Tarentum, Pennsylvania, he continued his career in photojournalism, rapidly finding work at the Associated Press, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and as a picture editor at the Baltimore Evening Sun. He eventually rose to a picture editing job at the weekly news magazine Newsweek. He is now head of photography for CBS.^[6]

Taking the picture

The Kent State shooting by members of the Ohio National Guard occurred at Kent State University in the city of Kent, Ohio on Monday, May 4, 1970, and resulted in the deaths of four students. At the time John Filo was in the University student photography lab when the shots rang out. He quickly ran outside and below recalls what happened:

I dropped my camera in the realization that it was live ammunition. I don't know what gave me the combination of innocence and stupidity ... I started to flee--run down the hill and stopped myself. "Where are you going?" I said to myself, "This is why you are here!"

And I started to take pictures again. ... I knew I was running out of film. I could see the emotion welling up inside of her. She began to sob. And it culminated in her saying an exclamation. I can't remember what she said exactly ... something like, "Oh, my God!"|John Filo talking about the Kent State shootings^[7] }}

To take the picture John used a Nikkormat camera with Tri-X film and most of the exposures were 1/500 between 5.6 and f 8 depending on whether the sun was behind a cloud or not.^[7]

Altered photo

In the early 1970s, an anonymous editor airbrushed the fence post above Mary Ann Vecchio's head out of Filo's Pulitzer Prize Winner. Since then, the altered photo has circulated and has been reprinted in many magazines.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] Numerous publications, including Time (Nov. 6, 1972, p. 23; Jan. 7, 1980, p. 45) and People (May 2, 1977, p. 37; April 30, 1990, p. 117), have used the altered image without knowing.^[12]

Meeting with Mary Ann Vecchio

In 1995, Filo met Mary Ann Vecchio for the first time, when both were scheduled to appear at an Emerson College conference commemorating the 25th anniversary of the shootings. The two met again on the Kent State University campus, at the 39th commemoration in May 2009, where they both spoke.

References

1. ^{{cite web |date=July 5, 2007 | url = http://www.pittsburghcitypaper.ws/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A32751| title = Pulitzer Prize-winning newspaper photos tell their stories in Capture the Moment, at the History Center.| publisher = Pittsburgh City Paper| accessdate = 2007-07-27 | last=Bill O'Driscoll }}
2. ^{{cite web|last=Rosenberg|first=David|title=Personal Remembrances of the Kent State Shootings, 43 Years Later|date=4 May 2013|publisher=Slate|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/behold/2013/05/04/may_4_1970_the_kent_state_university_shootings_told_through_pictures_photos.html}}
3. ^{{cite web|last=Zhang|first=Michael|title=The Kent State Massacre Photo and the Case of the Missing Pole|date=29 August 2012|url=http://petapixel.com/2012/08/29/the-kent-state-massacre-photo-and-the-case-of-the-missing-pole/}}
4. ^{{cite web|last=Lilley|first=Bill|title=PULITZER WINNER JOHN FILO, PHOTO'S SUBJECT, REUNITED AT KENT STATE|date=6 May 2009|publisher=National Press Photography Association|url=https://nppa.org/news/784}}
5. ^{{cite web|last=Schweitzer|first=Callie|title=For One Pulitzer Prize Winning Photographer, Some Days Are Never Forgotten|date=14 December 2010|publisher=Neon Tommy|url=http://www.neontommy.com/news/2010/12/one-pulitzer-prize-winning-photographer-some-days-are-never-forgotten}}
6. ^{{cite web|date=October 8, 2017|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/eddie-adams-workshop-pulitzer-winning-photographers-teach-how-to-capture-the-moment/|title=Pulitzer-winning photographers teach how to capture the moment|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=2018-08-05|last=DuBois|first=Maurice}}
7. ^¹{{cite web |date=May 4, 2000 | url = http://www.cnn.com/COMMUNITY/transcripts/2000/5/4/filo/| title = Photographer John Filo discusses his famous Kent State photograph and the events of May 4, 1970| publisher = CNN| accessdate = 2007-07-27 | last=Filo, John }}
8. ^{{cite web |date=February 12, 2004 | url = https://www.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/andrewkantor/2004-02-12-kantor_x.htm| title = Image manipulation means seeing isn't believing| publisher = USA TODAY| accessdate = 2007-07-26 | last=Kantor, Andrew }}
9. ^{{cite web |year=2000 | url = http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/| title = Digital Tampering in the Media, Politics and Law| publisher = Dartmouth College| accessdate = 2007-07-26 | last= }}
10. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.famouspictures.org/kent-state-shooting/| title = Kent State Shooting| publisher = Famous Pictures Magazine| accessdate = 2007-07-26 | last=Lucas, Dean }}
11. ^{{cite web|year=2000 |url=http://blog.wired.com/wiredphotos54/2007/05/smudged_away.html |title=Re-imaging History |publisher=Wired |accessdate=2013-07-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701171945/http://blog.wired.com/wiredphotos54/2007/05/smudged_away.html |archivedate=2007-07-01 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
12. ^{{cite web |year=2000 | url = http://www.zonezero.com/magazine/articles/meyer/06.html| title = Mystery of the missing pole, solved!| publisher = ZoneZero| accessdate = 2007-07-26 | last=David Friend Director of Photography at LIFE}}