| 词条 | John G. Cramer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|image = John G. Cramer, 2012.jpg |image_size = |birth_name = John Gleason Cramer, Jr. | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1934|10|24}} | birth_place = Houston, Texas, United States | death_date = | death_place = | residence = Seattle, Washington and Westport, New York, United States | citizenship = United States | nationality = American | field = Nuclear physicist, Quantum physics, Ultra-relativistic heavy ion physics, HBT interferometry, novelist, popular science writer | work_institution = University of Washington | alma_mater = Rice University | thesis_title = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = Calvin M. Class | doctoral_students = | known_for = Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, the novels Twistor and Einstein's Bridge, Member, External Council of NIAC/NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts Activity | influences = | influenced = | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = | spouse = Pauline Cramer | children = Kathryn Cramer | religion = | website = John Cramer's Home Page | footnotes = }} John Gleason Cramer, Jr. (born October 24, 1934) is a Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. He has been an active participant with the STAR (Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC) Experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the particle accelerator at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. Early yearsJohn Cramer was born in Houston, Texas. He attended Mirabeau B Lamar High School in Houston, and graduated with a BA in Physics from Rice University in 1957. He continued his studies, graduating with an MA in Physics from Rice University in 1959 and a Ph.D. in Physics from Rice University in 1961.[1] CareerCramer served as a post doctoral fellow at Indiana University from 1961–63, and worked as an assistant professor at the same university from 1963-64. He served an assistant professor at University of Washington from 1964–68, as an associate professor from 1968–74 and was appointed as a full professor in 1974.[1] From 2007 to 2014, Cramer investigated the possibility that quantum nonlocality might be used for communication between observers through the use of switchable interference patterns. In the course of this work, he gained new understanding of the "show stopper" within the quantum formalism that prevents such nonlocal signaling. For each interference pattern, nature also provides and superimposes an "anti-interference pattern". These are always combined in a way that "erases" potential nonlocal signals. The two interference patterns complement each other, resulting in no perceptible interference pattern. Measurement changes can dramatically modify the individual interference patterns, but always so that this erasure occurs. In this way, nature is protected from the possibility of retrocausal signaling and its consequences and paradoxes.[1][2] Cramer makes regular appearances on the Science Channel and on NPR Science Friday.[3] WritingIn addition to his approximately 300 scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals,[4] John Cramer writes a regular column, "The Alternate View", appearing in every second issue, for Analog Science Fiction and Fact magazine. He also originated and published a paper on "The Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics" (TIQM) in July 1986,[5] which was inspired from the Wheeler-Feynman Time-symmetric theory. His book on quantum mechanics, The Quantum Handshake: Entanglement, Nonlocality and Transactions (2015), published by Springer Verlag, is a comprehensive introduction to the transactional interpretation. Cramer's simulation of the sound of the Big Bang, created using Mathematica, attracted some mainstream press attention in late 2003 and again in 2013. The simulation originated with an "Alternate View" article, "BOOMERanG and the Sound of the Big Bang" (January 2001).[6] Cramer describes the sound as "rather like a large jet plane 100 feet off the ground flying over your house in the middle of the night." Cramer has published two novels, Twistor (1989) and Einstein's Bridge (1997), both within the hard science fiction genre. Cramer was the 2010 Science Guest of Honor at Norwescon, a large science fiction and fantasy convention in the Seattle area. Bibliography{{Expand list|date=September 2017}}Non-fiction
"Alternate View" columns in AnalogSee also AV Columns Online
Novels
Awards and recognition
Personal lifeCramer married Pauline Ruth Bond in June, 1961. The couple have three children: Kathryn Cramer (born April, 1962), John G. Cramer III (born January 1964), and Karen Cramer (born April 1967).[7] See also
References1. ^The Quantum Handshake: Entanglement, Nonlocality and Transactions by John G. Cramer, Springer Verlag in 2015, chapter 7. 2. ^arXiv paper (1409.5098 [quant-ph]) 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://faculty.washington.edu/jcramer|title=J Cramer|accessdate=21 Jan 2016}} 4. ^Scientific Publications of John G. Cramer, Professor of Physics, University of Washington (Current to February 2015). 5. ^The Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180453/http://www.npl.washington.edu/npl/int_rep/tiqm/TI_toc.html |date=2012-07-16 }} - John Cramer's original paper 6. ^BOOMERanG and the Sound of the Big Bang at the University of Washington 7. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://faculty.washington.edu/jcramer/CV_2007.pdf|title=CV J. Cramer|accessdate=21 Jan 2016}}
External links
25 : 1934 births|20th-century American novelists|21st-century physicists|American male novelists|American nuclear physicists|American science writers|American science fiction writers|Analog Science Fiction and Fact people|Brookhaven National Laboratory staff|Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science|Experimental physicists|People associated with CERN|Lamar High School (Houston, Texas) alumni|Living people|People from Houston|Quantum physicists|Rice University alumni|Theoretical physicists|University of Washington faculty|20th-century American physicists|21st-century American scientists|20th-century American male writers|Novelists from Washington (state)|20th-century American non-fiction writers|American male non-fiction writers |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。