| 词条 | John III, Duke of Cleves | ||||
| 释义 |
| name = John III | title = Duke of Cleves Count of Mark | image = Johann III von Kleve-Jülich-Berg.jpg | caption = John III the Peaceful | noble family = La Marck | father = John II, Duke of Cleves | mother = Mathilde of Hesse | spouse = Maria of Jülich-Berg | issue = Sybille of Cleves Anne, Queen of England William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg Amalia of Cleves | birth_date = {{birth_date|1490|11|10|df=yes}} | birth_place = | death_date = 6 February 1538 or 1539 | death_place = }}John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves and Count of Mark (John III, Duke of Cleves; John I, Duke of Jülich-Berg; {{lang-de|Johann III der Friedfertige, Herzog von Jülich-Kleve-Berg}}; 10 November 1490 – 6 February 1538 or 1539) was a son of John II, Duke of Cleves and Mathilde of Hesse, daughter of Henry III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse.[1] John III became Regent of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg in 1521, and Lord of Ravensberg in 1528. John represented a compensatory attitude, which strove for a {{lang|la|via media}}, a middle way, between the two confessions during the Protestant Reformation. Despite what others may have thought, not all Germanic princely houses were Lutheran Protestant. In fact the real influence at the court of Cleves was Erasmus. Many of his men were friends and followers of this well-educated Dutch scholar and theologian. When Duke John decided to write up a list of church regulations, Erasmus was the first person the Duke went to personally for consultation and approval. Duke John had an instinct for balance as was shown when he married his eldest daughter Sybille to John Frederick of Saxony. John Frederick would go on to later head the Schmalkaldic League. In many ways John of Cleves' court was ideal for raising a Queen. It was fundamentally liberal, but serious-minded, theologically inclined, profoundly Erasmian; as the court of Catherine of Aragon had once been. It was from this court that his daughter Anne would be raised. Anne would go on to marry King Henry VIII of England as his fourth wife.[2] Family{{multiple image|total_width=250 |caption_align=center |image1=Armoiries de la Marck 1.svg|caption1=Coat-of-arms of La Mark |image2=Kleef graafschap wapen.svg|caption2=Coat-of-arms of Cleves }} In 1509, he married Maria of Jülich-Berg, daughter of Duke William IV of Jülich-Berg and Sybilla of Brandenburg, who became heiress to her father's estates Jülich, Berg and Ravensberg.[3] They had the following children:
Ancestors{{ahnentafel|align=center|collapsed=yes |title=Ancestry of John III, Duke of Cleves |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. John III, Duke of Cleves |2= 2. John II, Duke of Cleves |3= 3. Mathilde of Hesse |4= 4. John I, Duke of Cleves |5= 5. Elizabeth of Nevers |6= 6. Henry III, Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg |7= 7. Anna of Katzenelnbogen |8= 8. Adolph I, Duke of Cleves |9= 9. Marie of Burgundy |10= 10. John II, Count of Nevers |11= 11. Jacqueline d'Ailly |12= 12. Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse |13= 13. Anna of Saxony |14= 14. Philip I, Count of Katzenelnbogen |15= 15. Anna of Württemberg, Countess of Katzenelnbogen |16= 16. Adolph III, Count of Mark |17= 17. Margaret of Jülich-Berg |18= 18. John the Fearless |19= 19. Margaret of Bavaria |20= 20. Philip II, Count of Nevers |21= 21. Bonne of Artois |22= 22. Raoul of Ailly |23= 23. Jacqueline of Béthune |24= 24. Hermann II, Landgrave of Hesse |25= 25. Margaret of Hohenzollern-Nuremberg |26= 26. Frederick I, Elector of Saxony |27= 27. Catherine of Brunswick |28= 28. John IV, Count of Katzenelnbogen |29= 29. Anna, Countess of Katzenelnbogen |30= 30. Eberhard IV, Count of Württemberg |31= 31. Henriette of Mömpelgard }} References1. ^Morby, John. Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 135. {{s-start}}{{s-hou|House of La Marck|10 November|1490|6 February|1539}}{{s-bef | before=William IV }}{{s-ttl | title=Duke of Jülich-Berg2. ^Antonia Fraser. The Wives of Henry VIII (Vintage Books, 1993), Chapter: Anne of Cleves. 3. ^Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 154. Count of Ravensberg | years=1511–1539 }}{{s-aft | rows=2 | after=William the Rich }}{{s-break}}{{s-bef | before=John II }}{{s-ttl | title=Duke of Cleves Count of Mark | years=1521–1539 }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:John 03, Duke of Cleves}} 6 : 1490 births|1539 deaths|Dukes of Cleves|House of La Marck|Dukes of Berg|Counts of the Mark |
||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。