| 词条 | John Maurice Hauke |
| 释义 |
| name = John Maurice Hauke {{native name|pl|Jan Maurycy Hauke}} | image = Maurycy hauke.PNG | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1775|10|26|df=y}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1830|11|29|1775|10|26|df=y}} | placeofburial = | birth_place = Seifersdorf, Saxony | death_place = Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire | birth_name = {{lang|de|Johann Moritz Hauke}} | allegiance = {{Plainlist}}
| branch = Army | serviceyears = | rank = General | servicenumber = | unit = | commands = Deputy Minister of War | battles = {{Plainlist}}
| battles_label = | awards = {{Plainlist}}
| relations = Julia Hauke (daughter) }} Count John Maurice Hauke ({{lang-de|Johann Moritz Hauke}}, {{lang-pl|Jan Maurycy Hauke}}; 26 October 1775 in Seifersdorf, near Dresden, Saxony – 29 November 1830 in Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire) was a professional soldier. LifeOf German origin and the son of Friedrich Karl Emanuel Hauke (1737–1810), a German professor at the Warsaw Lyceum (an exclusive Prussian school in Warsaw), Count Moritz Hauke served between 1790 and 1793 in the army of Poland during the country's last years of independence. He was involved in the Kościuszko Uprising, fought in the Polish Legions in France and later in the army of the Duchy of Warsaw in Austria, Italy, Germany and the Peninsular War. After 1815 he joined the army of Congress Poland, reaching the rank of full general in 1826 and receiving a title of Polish nobility. Recognizing his abilities, Tsar Nicholas I appointed him Deputy Minister of War of Congress Poland and elevated him in 1829 to count. In the uprising of 1830 led by revolutionary army cadets, the target was Grand Duke Constantine, Poland's Governor-General. Count Moritz Hauke was on his way to the Grand Duke who managed to escape, but Hauke was shot to death by the cadets on the street of Warsaw before the eyes of his wife, Sophie Lafontaine (daughter of Franz Leopold Lafontaine), and his three younger children. He was riding on a horse beside the carriage of his wife and having met a group of rebels who shouted: "Be our leader, General!" Hauke reprimanded them and told them to go back to their quarters, whereupon they opened fire and killed him. His wife died shortly afterward, and their younger children were made wards of the Tsar, while three elder sons joined the uprising and one of them, Maurice Leopold, fell during the battle of Ostrołęka in 1831 only 27 years old. After his victory over the Poles, the Tsar raised in 1841 an enormous obelisque in Warsaw, which was dedicated to the memory of Hauke and five other Polish generals who "preserved their fidelity to their Monarch". Detested by the inhabitants of the Polish capital, the obelisque was pulled down in 1917. On 28 October 1851, his youngest daughter, Countess Julia Hauke, then lady-in-waiting to the Russian Empress, married Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine (Hesse-Darmstadt), brother of the Empress. Elevated in 1851 by Alexander's brother, Grand Duke Ludwig III of Hesse-Darmstadt, to Countess of Battenberg and in December 1858 to Princess of Battenberg, she became an ancestress of the House of Mountbatten, the British Royal House of Windsor, and the current Spanish King. His older daughter, Catarina, became the mistress of Paul Friedrich, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg. Orders and decorations
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Count John Maurice Hauke |2= 2. Friedrich Karl Emanuel Hauke |3= 3. Maria Salomé Schweppenhäuser |4= 4. Ignatz Marianus Hauck |5= 5. Baroness Maria Franziska Riedesel zu Eisenbach |6= 6. Heinrich Wilhelm Schweppenhäuser |7= 7. Charlotte Philippine Juliane Westermann |8= 8. Johann Gaspar Hauck |9= 9. Johanna Barbara |10= 10. Baron George Riedesel XX zu Eisenbach |11= 11. Margarethe Kilian |12= 12. Johann Schweppenhauser |13= 13. Maria Magdalena Boell |14= 14. Johann Heinrich Westermann |15= 15. Sophia Elisabeth Eleonore Bode |16= 16. Johann Hauck |17= 17. Anna Ursule |18= |19= |20= 20. Baron George Riedesel XVII zu Eisenbach |21= 21. Baroness Charlotte Sofie von Dörnberg |22= 22. Johann Burkhard Kilian |23= 23. Margarethe Wollenschlager |24= 24. Johann Nicholaus Schweppenhauser |25= 25. Margarethe |26= 26. Johann Peter Boell |27= 27. Eva Elisabeth Schmidt |28= 28. Rudolf Heinrich Westermann |29= 29. Elisabeth Katharine Mens |30= 30. Konrad Bode |31= }} See also
Sources
12 : 1775 births|1830 deaths|People from Saxony|Polish generals|Polish people of German descent|Military personnel of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Kościuszko insurgents|People of the Polish–Russian War of 1792|Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus|Recipients of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Counts of Poland|Polish commanders of the Napoleonic Wars |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。