| 词条 | Hoverter and Sholl Box Huckleberry Natural Area |
| 释义 |
| name = Hoverter and Sholl Box Huckleberry Natural Area | alt_name = | iucn_category = | photo = | photo_alt = | photo_caption = | photo_width = | map = USA Pennsylvania | map_alt = | map_caption = Map of Pennsylvania | map_width = | location = Perry County, Pennsylvania | nearest_city = New Bloomfield | coordinates = {{coords|40|24|22|N|77|10|26|W|region:US-PA|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|10|acre}} | established = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = | url = | embedded = {{designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = NNL | designation1_date = 1967 }}Hoverter and Sholl Box Huckleberry Natural Area is a {{convert|10|acre|ha|adj=on}} natural area in Perry County, Pennsylvania, near New Bloomfield, which protects a colony of box huckleberry over 1,000 years old.[1][1] The smallest Natural Area in Pennsylvania,[3] it is administered as part of Tuscarora State Forest.[1] It was designated a National Natural Landmark in April 1967.[2] TopographyA {{convert|0.25|mi|km|adj=on}} path forms a loop around the site, which is located on the west side of a hill slope.[3] Twenty-seven interpretive stations are located along the trail.[1] In addition to the low growth of the box huckleberry itself, the hillside is covered with white pine and oak forest, with a scattering of other trees and various wildflowers.[3] HistoryThe specimen of box huckleberry at the natural area has been estimated, based on its observed rate of growth and clonal reproduction, to be 1,200[9] to 1,300 years old,[3] only a tenth of the estimated age for a nearby colony at Losh Run.[4] The colony was discovered by Spencer Baird in 1845.[5] No specimens of box huckleberry had been collected since 1805, and Baird's discovery allowed Asa Gray to classify the species as Gaylussacia brachycera.[6] The resulting correspondence sparked a lifelong friendship between the two, and helped Baird attain a post at the Smithsonian Institution.[7] The box huckleberry remained largely obscure until 1918, when Frederick V. Coville examined the site. On the basis of his observations there, he concluded that box huckleberry was self-sterile and spread clonally. After commercial nurserymen removed a truckload of plants from the site, Coville called attention to its plight with an article in Science.[7] Renewed interest sparked the discovery of other box huckleberry colonies elsewhere in the Appalachians.[8] The New Bloomfield site was first protected with the donation of {{convert|4|acre|ha}} to the state in 1929, the beginning of the Natural Area.[9] References1. ^1 {{cite web | title=Tuscarora State Forest Natural Areas | publisher=Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources | url=http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/FORESTRY/stateforests/tuscwild.aspx | accessdate=2008-08-13}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url= http://www.nature.nps.gov/nnl/site.cfm?Site=BOHU-PA |title= Box Huckleberry Site |publisher= National Park Service |work= nps.gov}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=Meet The World's Oldest--and Hardest Working--Plant |first=Ad |last=Crable |date=1999-08-20 |publisher=Lancaster New Era |url=http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/polycomm/pressrel/crable/crable082099.htm |accessdate=2008-06-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529054831/http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/polycomm/pressrel/crable/crable082099.htm |archivedate=2008-05-29 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite journal | title=Box-Huckleberry as the Oldest Living Protoplasm | first=Edgar T. | last=Wherry | authorlink=Edgar Theodore Wherry | journal=Castanea | volume=37 | issue=2 |date=June 1972 | pages=94–95 | jstor=4032456 | publisher=Southern Appalachian Botanical Society}} 5. ^{{cite journal | title=The Box Huckleberry, Gaylussacia brachycera | first1=Hazel | last1=Smith | first2=Don | last2=Smith | journal=Castanea | volume=36 | issue=2 |date=June 1971 | pages=81–89 | jstor=4032308 | publisher=Southern Appalachian Botanical Society}} 6. ^{{cite journal | title=Clonal Fidelity in Large Colonies of Gaylussacia brachycera Gray (Box Huckleberry) Assessed by DNA Fingerprinting | first1=Margaret | last1=Pooler | first2=Rob | last2=Nicholson | first3=Andrew | last3=Vandegrift | journal=Northeastern Naturalist | year=2008 | url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3845/is_200801/ai_n25419440/pg_1 | accessdate=2008-06-21 | doi=10.1656/1092-6194(2008)15[67:CFILCO]2.0.CO;2 | volume=15 | pages=67 | issn=1092-6194}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite journal | first=Frederick V. | last=Coville | authorlink=Frederick Vernon Coville | title=The Threatened Extinction of the Box Huckleberry, Gaylussacia brachycera | journal=Science | volume=50 | issue=1280 | date=1919-07-11 | pages=30–34 | jstor=1641999 | doi=10.1126/science.50.1280.30 | pmid=17801660}} 8. ^{{cite journal | title=The box huckleberry as an illustration of the need for fieldwork | first=Edgar T. | last=Wherry | authorlink=Edgar Theodore Wherry | journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club | volume=61 | issue=2 |date=February 1934 | pages=81–84 | doi=10.2307/2480787 | jstor=2480787 | publisher=Torrey Botanical Society}} 9. ^1 2 3 {{cite book | title=Natural Pennsylvania: Exploring the State Forest Natural Areas | first1=Charles | last1=Fergus | first2=Rusty | last2=Rae | page=48 | publisher=Stackpole Books | isbn=978-0-8117-2038-0 | date=January 2002}} External links
2 : National Natural Landmarks in Pennsylvania|Protected areas of Perry County, Pennsylvania |
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