“Allumwandlung”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Allumwandlung

释义

Example
References

{{Chess diagram
|tright
| Niels Høeg, 1905
| | | | | | | |
|rl| | | | | | |
| | | | |kd|pl|pl|
| | | |pd|pd|pd| |
| | | |bl| |pl| |
| |kl| |pl| |pl| |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|Mate in three
}}Allumwandlung (German for "complete promotion", sometimes abbreviated AUW) is a chess problem theme where, at some stage in the solution, a pawn (or sometimes pawns) is promoted variously to a queen, rook, bishop, and knight. Allumwandlung's main requirement is promotion, either a white pawn or a black pawn. A Babson task may appear if both pawns are spotted in an individual problem, corresponding one another.^[1]{{algebraic notation|pos=toc}}

Example

The diagram shows a chess problem with Allumwandlung composed by Niels Høeg and first published in 1905. White to move and mate in three. The key move (White's first move) is 1.f7, and depending on how Black defends, White promotes to either a queen, a rook, a bishop or a knight on move two. The lines are:

1... e4 2. f8=Q any 3. Qe7/Qf6#
1... Kd6 2. f8=Q Kc6 3. Qc5#
1... exf4 2. f8=R Kd6 3. Rf6#
1... exd4 2. f8=B Kf6 3. Ra6#
1... Kf6 2. f8=N exd4 3. Rf7#

The importance of White's underpromotions can be understood by considering what happens if he promotes to a queen no matter what Black plays:

After 1...exf4 or 1...exd4 2.f8=Q is stalemate, as black no longer has a legal move to play.
Following 1...Kf6 2.f8=Q+ Kxg6, the checkmate will take more than three moves to achieve and therefore does not meet the stated conditions of the chess problem.

References

1. ^{{cite web|last=Hornecker|first=Siegfried|title=Allumwandlung by Siegfried Hornecker|url=http://chessproblem.net/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=228|work=chessproblem.net|accessdate=25 November 2013}}

Bibliography

{{cite book

| last=Hooper | first=David | authorlink=David Vincent Hooper
| last2=Whyld | first2=Kenneth | authorlink2=Kenneth Whyld
| title=The Oxford Companion to Chess
| year=1992
| edition=2nd
| contribution=Allumwandlung
| publisher=Oxford University Press
| isbn=0-19-280049-3 }}{{chess-stub}}

1 : Chess problems

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