词条 | Alocasia |
释义 |
|image = P Alom D9903.jpg |image_caption = Alocasia macrorrhizos |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Alocasia |authority = (Schott) G.Don |synonyms_ref = [1] |synonyms = *Ensolenanthe Schott
|range_map = Alocasia distribution.svg |range_map_caption = Range of the genus Alocasia. }} Alocasia is a genus of broad-leaved rhizomatous or tuberous perennials from the family Araceae. There are 79 species [2] native to tropical and subtropical Asia to Eastern Australia, and widely cultivated elsewhere. DescriptionThe large cordate or sagittate leaves grow to a length of 20 to 90 cm on long petioles. Their araceous flowers grow at the end of a short stalk, but are not conspicuous; often hidden behind the leaf petioles. The stem (a corm) is edible, but contains raphid or raphide crystals of Calcium oxalate along with other irritants (possibly a protease)[3] that can numb and swell the tongue and pharynx resulting in difficult breathing, and sharp throat pain. The lower parts contain more of the poison. Prolonged boiling before serving or processing may reduce the risks but acidic fruit such as tamarind may dissolve them. Cultivation{{globalize|date=February 2017}}Alocasia are tropical plants that are increasingly becoming popular as houseplants.[4] The hybrid A. × amazonica has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[5] They are typically grown as pot plants, but a better way is to grow the plants permanently in the controlled conditions of a greenhouse. They do not do well in the dark and need good lighting if inside the house. They should be cared for as any other tropical plant with weekly cleaning of the leaves and frequent fine water misting without leaving the plants wet. They rarely survive cold winters or the dryness of artificial heating, but an attempt to slowly acclimatize plants from the summer garden to the house can help.[6] Once inside, the watering period must be reduced and the plants should be protected from spider mites or red spider attack. SpeciesThe following are the accepted species classified under Alocasia along with their common names (where available) and distribution ranges: {{Div col}}
References1. ^Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families {{Commons|Alocasia}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q644312}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/|archive-url=https://archive.is/20100630233336/http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=30 June 2010|title=WCSP |work= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families|accessdate=15 March 2010}} 3. ^{{cite journal | authors = Bradbury, J. Howard; Nixon, Roger W. | year = 1998 | title =The acridity of raphides from the edible aroids | journal =Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | pages = 608–616 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199804)76:4<608::AID-JSFA996>3.0.CO;2-2 }} 4. ^Alocasia Amazonica (not a species), Alocasia x amazonica, Alocasia mortefontanensis André, Alocasia Poly, not 'Polly', Exotic Rainforest rare tropical plants 5. ^{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Alocasia × amazonica|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=5333|accessdate=17 July 2013}} 6. ^Nature Assassin: Overwintering your Alocasia 7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Nguyen | first1 = V. D. | last2 = Croat | first2 = T. B. | last3 = Luu | first3 = H. T. | last4 = Lee | first4 = C. Y. | last5 = Lee | first5 = J. | last6 = De Kok | first6 = R. | doi = 10.3372/wi.43.43209 | title = Two new species of Alocasia (Araceae, Colocasieae) from Vietnam | journal = Willdenowia - Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 293 | year = 2013 | pmid = | pmc = }} 2 : Alocasia|Araceae genera |
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