| 词条 | Al-Sumayriyya |
| 释义 |
| name = al-Sumayriyya | native_name = السُميريه | native_name_lang = ar | other_name = Someleria, Katasir | settlement_type = Village | image_skyline = Sumayriyya Aquifer.JPG | imagesize = 250 | image_caption = The aqueduct in al-Sumayriyya | etymology = "Tawny" or "Brown"[1] | pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_mapsize = 200 | coordinates = {{coord|32|58|19|N|35|05|36|E|type:city_region:IL|display=inline,title}} | grid_name = Palestine grid | grid_position = 159/264 | subdivision_type = Geopolitical entity | subdivision_name = Mandatory Palestine | subdivision_type1 = Subdistrict | subdivision_name1 = Acre | established_title1 = Date of depopulation | established_date1 = 14 May 1948[2] | established_title2 = Repopulated dates | area_footnotes = [3] | unit_pref = dunam | area_total_dunam = 8,542 | population_as_of = 1945 | population_total = 760[3][4] | blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation | blank_info_sec1 = Military assault by Yishuv forces | blank3_name_sec1 = Current Localities | blank3_info_sec1 = Lohamei HaGeta'ot,[5][6] Shomrat[6] }}Al-Sumayriyya ({{lang-ar|السُميريه}}, Katasir in Canaanite times, Someleria during Crusader rule), was a Palestinian village located six kilometers north of Acre that was depopulated after it was captured by the Israel Defense Forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.[7] HistoryTall al-Sumayriyya contains carved stones, a mosaic floor, tombs, columns, and stone capitals. Khirbat Abu 'Ataba has an Islamic shrine and ceramic fragments.[10] In the Crusader era, it was mentioned in 1277 under the name of Somelaria.[8] At the time, the village belonged to the Templars.[9] In the hudna of 1283 between Al Mansur Qalawun and the Crusaders, Al-Sumayriyya was still under Crusader rule[10][11] while in 1291 it had come under Mamluk control.[12] A building with a court-yard, measuring 60,5 by 57 meters, dating from the Crusader era, has been noted in the village, and a 13th-century glass-factory has been excavated.[9] Ottoman eraIt was mentioned in the Ottoman defter for the year 1555-6, named Summayriyah, located in the Nahiya of Akka of the Liwa of Safad, and with its land designated as Sahi land, that is, land belonging to the Sultan.[13] In 1738 Richard Pococke passed by the place, which he called Semmars. He thought the name came from "St. Mary's", and noted the remains of a wall of hewn stone, which he thought had belonged to a convent.[14] A map by Pierre Jacotin from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 showed the place, named as El Esmerieh.[15] In 1875 Victor Guérin found the village had 400 Muslim inhabitants.[16] In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described the place as a village of "mud and stone houses, containing about 200 [..] Moslems, situated on the plain, surrounded by a few clumps of olives and figs and arable land; two or three cisterns are in the village, the aqueduct near brings good water."[17] A population list from about 1887 showed the village to have about 270 inhabitants; all Muslims.[18] British Mandate eraIn the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities Semariyeh had a population of 307; 300 Muslims and 7 Christians,[19] where all the Christians were Maronite.[20] This had increased in the 1931 census to 392, 390 Muslims, 1 Christian and 1 Jew, in a total of 92 houses.[21] Al-Sumayriyya had an elementary school for boys, which was founded in 1943. In 1945, it had an enrollment of 60 students. One mosque which remains.[22] In 1944/1945 the village had a population of 760 Muslims,[3] with a total of 8,542 dunams of land.[4] Of this, 6,854 dunams were allocated to grain crops; 354 dunams were irrigated or planted with orchards,[23] while 28 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[24] 1948, and aftermathAt the beginning of 1945, al-Sumayriyya's 760 inhabitants were all Arab Muslims. The inhabitants fled as a result of the 14 May 1948 assault on the village by the Carmeli Brigade during Operation Ben-Ami, one day before the official outbreak of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.[7] The village - along with neighbouring al-Bassa and al-Zib which were also captured in the offensive - was subsequently destroyed, except its mosque.[25] Lohamei HaGeta'ot and Shomrat are both on village land.[6] Morris writes that Bustan HaGalil was built near its site,[26] however, Khalidi writes that Bustan HaGalil is on the land of Al-Manshiyya.[27] Shavey Tziyon and Regba are close to the northern borders of Al-Sumayriyya, but were established on land that used to belong to Mazra'a.[6]See also
References1. ^Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/54/mode/1up 54] 2. ^Morris, 2004, p.[https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR17 xvii], village #87. Also gives cause of depopulation 3. ^1 Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 5 4. ^1 2 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 41 5. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR21 xxi], settlement #53. January 1949 6. ^1 2 3 Khalidi, 1992, p. 31 7. ^1 {{Citation|title=Welcome to Al-Sumayriyya|publisher=Palestine Remembered|accessdate=2007-12-03|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/al-Sumayriyya/index.html}} 8. ^Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n372/mode/1up 366]-367, No. 1413; cited in Pringle, 1998, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC&pg=PA332 332]-333 9. ^1 Pringle, 1997, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA96 96] 10. ^Raynaud, 1887, p. [https://archive.org/stream/lesgestesdeschi01montgoog#page/n280/mode/1up 243], no. 490 11. ^Barag, 1979, p. 205, no. 26 12. ^Raynaud, 1887, p. [https://archive.org/stream/lesgestesdeschi01montgoog#page/n280/mode/1up 243], no. 490; cited in Pringle, 1998, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC&pg=PA332 332]-333 13. ^Rohde, 1979, p. 97 14. ^Pococke, 1745, vol II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n109/mode/1up 78]; referenced in Pringle, 1997, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA96 96] 15. ^Karmon, 1960, p. 162. 16. ^Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n191/mode/1up 161] 17. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/147/mode/1up 147]. Also cited in Khalidi, 1992, p.30 18. ^Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n197/mode/1up 172] 19. ^Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n38/mode/1up 36] 20. ^Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n51/mode/1up 49] 21. ^Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 103] 22. ^1 Khalidi, 1992, p. 30 23. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 81 24. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 131 25. ^Tal, 2004, pp. 104-105. 26. ^Morris, 2004, p.[https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR21 xxi], settlement #36. December 1948 27. ^Khalidi, 1992, p.23 Bibliography{{refbegin}}
|date=1979 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=Columbia University}}
External links
4 : District of Acre|Arab villages depopulated prior to the 1948 Arab–Israeli War|Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War|1948 disestablishments in Mandatory Palestine |
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