“List of American exchange-traded funds”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

As of 2015, the number of exchange-traded funds worldwide is over 4000,^[1] representing about 2.88 trillion U.S. dollars in assets.^[2] The largest ETF, as of September 2017, was the SPDR S&P 500 (NYSE Arca|SPY), with about $243.1 billion in assets. Second-largest was the iShares Core S&P 500 ETF with around $125 billion (NYSE Arca|IVV), and third-largest is the Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (NYSE Arca|VTI) with $81.9 billion.^[3] The SPDR S&P 500 is also the most actively traded ETF, with over 60 million shares traded daily.^[4]

Stock ETFs

Broad market ETFs

Index-tracking ETFs

Style ETFs

Large-cap ETFs

Mid-cap ETFs

Small-cap ETFs

International ETFs

Broad ex-US ETFs

Regional ex-US ETFs

Country ETFs

Sector ETFs

Sector ETFs may track sector-based indexes or simply correspond to a basket of companies thought to be representative of a specific market sector.

US domestic sectors

Global sectors

Bond ETFs

Commodity ETFs

Commodity ETFs, also known as exchange-traded commodities (ETCs), track a commodity index or a specific commodity. This is often via commodity futures. These fall into four general categories, agricultural, which includes livestock and "softs"; energy resources; industrial materials; and precious metals. The most popular precious metals ETFs hold physical stocks of the metal rather than futures.

Broad basket

Agricultural ETFs

Energy commodity ETFs

Industrial commodity ETFs

Precious metals ETFs

Real estate ETFs

Leveraged & short ETFs

Typically ETFs track an index. Using a combination of options, futures, and swaps some firms have designed ETFs capable of tracking approximately −1x, 2x, −2x, 3x and −3x the daily returns of an index. 3x and −3x ETFs were first released on November 8, 2008 by Direxion Funds. These funds are structured in a sophisticated way, and due to their extreme volatility they may not be appropriate vehicles for the casual investor.^[5] (Note that obtaining 2x the daily returns for one year does not imply that one will receive double the annual returns of an index).{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} On August 18, 2009 the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission issued a warning to investors that leveraged exchange-traded funds could lead to big losses even if the market index or benchmark they track shows a gain.^[6]

Short ETFs

Short ETFs enable investors to profit from declines in an underlying index without directly selling short any securities. Investors who think an index will decline purchase shares of the short ETF that tracks the index, and the shares increase or decrease in value inversely with the index, that is to say that if the value of the underlying index goes down, then the value of the short ETF shares goes up, and vice versa. Some popular short ETFs include:

Leveraged ETFs

Leveraged short ETFs

Asset allocation

ETFs can be asset allocation funds, which include different asset classes rather than just one. They are usually, but not exclusively, implemented using a fund-of-funds structure. The most common ones use fixed strategies, which can be described with terms like "aggressive" or "conservative", denoting more in stocks and more in bonds, respectively. Other ones may have a target-date strategy where the allocation changes over time.

An example of such an ETF is the Russell Investments OneFund (NYSE Arca|ONEF), which is composed of nine ETFs (Vanguard and iShares ETFs). Another is the AdvisorShares Cambria Global Tactical ETF (NYSE Arca|GTAA). A lineup of Target Date ETFs is offered by iShares (e.g., iShares S&P Target Date 2040 Index Fund; NYSE Arca|TZV).

Active ETFs

There are currently 91 US-based ETFs that are not index-based but rather actively managed.

See also

References

1. ^[https://www.statista.com/statistics/278249/global-number-of-etfs/ Number of Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) worldwide from 2003 to 2015]
2. ^[https://www.statista.com/statistics/224579/worldwide-etf-assets-under-management-since-1997/ Development of assets of global Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) from 2003 to 2015 (in billion U.S. dollars)]
3. ^{{cite web|title=Largest ETFs: Top 100 ETFs By Assets|url=http://www.etfdb.com/compare/market-cap|publisher=ETFdb.com}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=SPDR S&P 500 (SPY)|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/SPY?p=SPY|publisher=Yahoo! Finance}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://seekingalpha.com/article/35789-the-case-against-leveraged-etfs|title=The Case Against Leveraged ETFs|last=Yates|first=Tristan|date=2007-05-17|website=Seeking Alpha|language=en|access-date=2019-01-16}}
6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-etf-idUSTRE57H64620090818|title=SEC warns investors on leveraged ETF holdings|date=2009-08-18|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-01-16|language=en}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=AdvisorShares Funds|url=http://www.advisorshares.com/etfs}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=ALPS Funds|url=http://www.alpsfunds.com}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=ARK Invest Innovation Funds|url=http://www.ark-funds.com}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Cambria Funds|url=http://www.cambriafunds.com}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=ValueShares|url=http://www.alphaarchitect.com/funds/valueshares/}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=MomentumShares|url=http://www.alphaarchitect.com/funds/momentumshares/}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Columbia Management|url=http://www.columbiamanagementetf.com}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=First Trust|url=http://www.ftportfolios.com}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=FlexShares|url=https://www.flexshares.com}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Franklin Templeton ETFs|url=http://etf.franklintempleton.com/etf/public/products/overview.page?FundID=18000}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Guggenheim Investments ETFs|url=http://guggenheiminvestments.com/products/etf}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Huntington Strategy Shares|url=http://www.huntingtonstrategyshares.com/etfs/index.php}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=iShares|url=http://us.ishares.com/home.htm}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=PIMCO ETFs|url=http://www.pimcoetfs.com/Pages/default.aspx}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=PowerShares Exchange-Traded Funds|url=http://www.invescopowershares.com/products/}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Russell Equity ETF |url=https://www.russelletfs.com/products/onef_overview.aspx |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220134542/https://www.russelletfs.com/Products/ONEF_Overview.aspx |archivedate=2013-12-20 |df= }}
23. ^{{cite web|title=SPDR Exchange Traded Funds|url=https://www.spdrs.com}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=WisdomTree ETFs|url=http://www.wisdomtree.com/etfs/}}