| 词条 | Lolo-Burmese languages |
| 释义 |
|name=Lolo-Burmese |region=Southern China and Southeast Asia |familycolor=Sino-Tibetan |fam2=Burmo-Qiangic? |child1=Mondzish |child2=Burmish |child3=Loloish |child4=? Mruic |glotto=lolo1265 |glottorefname=Lolo-Burmese }} The Lolo-Burmese languages (also Burmic languages) of Burma and Southern China form a coherent branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. NamesUntil ca. 1950, the endonym Lolo was written with derogatory characters in Chinese, and for this reason has sometimes been avoided. Shafer (1966–1974) used the term "Burmic" for the Lolo-Burmese languages. The Chinese term is Mian–Yi, after the Chinese name for Burmese and one of several words for Tai, reassigned to replace Lolo by the Chinese government after 1950.[1] Possible languagesThe position of Naxi (Moso) within the family is unclear, and it is often left as a third branch besides Loloish and Burmish. Lama (2012) considers it to be a branch of Loloish, while Guillaume Jacques has suggested that it is a Qiangic language. The Pyu language that preceded Burmese in Burma is sometimes linked to the Lolo-Burmese family, but there is no good evidence for any particular classification, and it is best left unclassified within Sino-Tibetan. Löffler (1966) and Bradley (1997) consider the Mru language to be closely related to or part of Lolo-Burmese,[2][3] while Matisoff includes Mruic in the Northeast Indian areal group.[4] Pai-lang, attested from the 3rd century, is Lolo-Burmese, perhaps Loloish. External relationshipsGuillaume Jacques & Alexis Michaud (2011)[5] argue for a Burmo-Qiangic branch with two primary subbranches, Na-Qiangic (i.e. Naxi-Qiangic) and Lolo-Burmese. Similarly, David Bradley (2008)[6] also proposes an Eastern Tibeto-Burman branch that includes the two subbranches of Burmic ({{sc|aka}} Lolo-Burmese) and Qiangic. Internal classificationBradley (1997, quoted in Peiros 1997) gives the following classification for the Lolo-Burmese languages. In later publications, in place of Loloish, David Bradley instead uses the term Ngwi based on a conservative autonym in the Sanie language.[7]
Lama (2012), in a study of 36 languages, finds the Mondzish cluster (Mondzi–Maang, Mantsi–Mo'ang) to be divergent. He did not include Mru or Ugong.
Lama (2012) recognizes 9 unambiguous coherent groups of Lolo-Burmese languages, whereas Bradley considers there to be 5 groups (Burmish, Southern Ngwi, Northern Ngwi, Southeastern Ngwi, and Central Ngwi).
See also
References1. ^{{cite journal | given=David | surname=Bradley | title=The Characteristics of the Burmic Family of Tibeto-Burman | journal=Language and Linguistics | year=2012 | volume=13 | issue=1 | pages=171–192 | url=http://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/files/publication/j2012_1_08_4916.pdf }} 2. ^{{cite journal | surname=Löffler | given=Lorenz G. | year=1966 | title=The contribution of Mru to Sino-Tibetan linguistics | journal=Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft | volume=116 | number=1 | pages=118–159 | jstor=43369896 }} 3. ^{{cite book | given=David | surname=Bradley | chapter=Tibeto-Burman languages and classification | chapter-url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/bradley1997tibeto-burman.pdf | pages=1–71 | title=Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas, Papers in South East Asian linguistics | location=Canberra | publisher=Pacific Linguistics | year=1997 }} 4. ^{{cite book | given=James A. | surname=Matisoff | title=Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction | location=Berkeley | publisher=University of California Press | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-520-09843-5 | url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/19d79619 | page=6 }} 5. ^{{cite journal | given1=Guillaume | surname1=Jacques | given2=Alexis | surname2=Michaud | title=Approaching the historical phonology of three highly eroded Sino-Tibetan languages | journal=Diachronica | year=2011 | volume=28 | pages=468–498 | doi=10.1075/dia.28.4.02jac.additional | doi-access=free }} 6. ^Bradley, David. 2008. The Position of Namuyi in Tibeto-Burman. 7. ^{{cite journal | given=David | surname=Bradley | title=Sanie and language loss in China | journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language | year=2005 | volume=2005 | issue=173 | pages=159–176 | doi=10.1515/ijsl.2005.2005.173.159 }} Bibliography
3 : Languages of India|Lolo-Burmese languages|Myanmar |
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