| 词条 | Lauris Norstad | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Lauris Norstad |birth_date= {{birth date|1907|3|24}} |death_date= {{death date and age|1988|9|12|1907|3|24}} |image=Lauris Norstad NATO photo.jpg |image_size=250 |caption=General Lauris Norstad |nickname= |birth_place= Minneapolis, Minnesota |death_place=Tucson, Arizona[1] |placeofburial= |placeofburial_label= Place of burial |allegiance= {{USA}} |branch= United States Air Force |serviceyears=1930–1963 |rank= General |unit= |commands=Supreme Allied Commander Europe |battles=World War II |awards={{unbulleted list| Air Force Distinguished Service Medal (2) | Army Distinguished Service Medal | Silver Star | Legion of Merit (2) | Air Medal | French Legion of Honor}} |relations= |laterwork= }} Lauris Norstad (March 24, 1907 – September 12, 1988) was an American General in the United States Army Air Forces and United States Air Force. Early life and military careerLauris Norstad was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota to a Norwegian immigrant Lutheran minister and his wife. He earned his high school diploma from Red Wing Central High School in 1925.[2] He graduated from the United States Military Academy June 12, 1930 and was commissioned a second lieutenant of cavalry. In September 1930, he entered Primary Flying School at March Field, California, and graduated from Advanced Flying School and was transferred to the Air Corps in June 1931. Going to Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, in January 1932, he was assigned to the 18th Pursuit Group, assuming command of it in July 1933. In March 1936 he was named adjutant of the Ninth Bomb Group there. Entering the "short course" the Air Corps Tactical School at Maxwell Field, Alabama, in September 1939, he graduated three months later and returned to Mitchel Field as officer in charge of the 9th Bomb Group Navigation School. [3]Moving to Langley Field, Virginia, in July 1940, General Norstad was adjutant of the 25th Bomb Group, and the following November he was named assistant chief of staff for intelligence of General Headquarters Air Force there. In February 1942 he was appointed a member of the Advisory Council to the commanding general of the Army Air Forces at Washington, DC.[4] World War IIIn August 1942, Norstad was named assistant chief of staff for operations (A-3) of the Twelfth Air Force, going to England with it the following month in support of Operation Husky, and to Algiers, North Africa in October 1942. Here he met General Dwight Eisenhower, who said of him: "It was on that occasion that I first met Lieutenant-Colonel Lauris Norstad, a young air officer who so impressed me by his alertness, grasp of problems, and personality that I never thereafter lost sight of him. He was and is one of those rare men whose capacity knows no limit."[5] In February 1943, he was promoted to brigadier general and assumed the additional duty of assistant chief of staff for operations of the Northwest African Air Forces. In December 1943 he was appointed director of operations of the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces at Algiers, moving with it to Caserta, Italy, two months later. Norstad was transferred to Washington, D.C. in August 1944, where he was deputy chief of Air Staff at Army Air Force Headquarters with added duty as chief of staff of the 20th Air Force. He was relieved of this additional duty May 8, 1945, and assumed additional duty as assistant chief of Air Staff for Plans at Army Air Force Headquarters. He was promoted to major general the following month.[6] Relieved of assignment as chief of staff of the 20th Air Force in February 1946, he continued as assistant chief of air staff for plans until the following June, when he was appointed director of the Plans and Operations Division of the War Department at Washington, DC. On October 1, 1947, following the division of the War Department into the Departments of The Army and The Air Force, General Norstad was appointed deputy chief of staff for operations of the Air Force, and the following May assumed additional duty as acting vice chief of staff of the Air Force.[7] SHAPE leadershipJoining the U.S. Air Forces in Europe in October 1950 General Norstad was commander in chief, USAFE, with headquarters at Wiesbaden, Germany. On April 2, 1951 he assumed additional duty as commanding general of the Allied Air Forces in Central Europe under the Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Powers in Europe. He was designated air deputy to the supreme allied commander, Europe, SHAPE, on July 27, 1953.[8] Relieved of duty as air deputy to the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR) on November 20, 1956, Norstad was appointed by the president as the new Supreme Allied Commander Europe, and Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command. He served in that post until January 1963 when General Lyman Lemnitzer replaced him. Norstad initially encouraged France to develop its own nuclear capacity, but then defected on the idea once he grew disillusioned with French President Charles de Gaulle's interference with NATO. Later yearsGeneral Norstad retired from the USAF on December 31, 1963. After his military retirement, he became the Chief Executive Officer and President of Owens Corning from 1963 until 1972 and also served on the Board of Directors of Rand Corporation. He died on September 12, 1988.[9] He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.[10] Awards and decorationsGeneral Norstad's military awards included the following:
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/14/obituaries/lauris-norstad-dies-at-81-former-nato-commander.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=Lauris Norstad Dies at 81; Former NATO Commander - New York Times |publisher=Nytimes.com |date=1988-09-14 |accessdate=2011-12-21}} 2. ^http://www.mnopedia.org/person/norstad-lauris-1907-1988 3. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.mnopedia.org/person/norstad-lauris-1907-1988|title=Norstad, Lauris (1907–1988)|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society|author= |date= December 13, 2013|accessdate=September 1, 2015 }} 4. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.redwingareaseniors.org/anotherstory.html |title = Lauris Norstad's Story |publisher = Red Wing Area Seniors.org |author = |date = |accessdate = September 1, 2015 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140812223754/http://www.redwingareaseniors.org/anotherstory.html |archivedate = August 12, 2014 |df = }} 5. ^Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe. London: William Heinemann, 1948, p. 132. 6. ^{{cite web|url= https://snl.no/Lauris_Norstad|title=Lauris Norstad |publisher=Store norske leksikon |author=Torolf Rein|date=February 14, 2009|accessdate=September 1, 2015 }} 7. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.nndb.com/people/212/000177678/|title=Lauris Norstad |publisher= NNDB.com|date= |accessdate=September 1, 2015 }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6616 |title=General Lauris Norstad |publisher=Official United States Air Force Website |date=July 1960 |accessdate=September 1, 2015 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121212032142/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6616 |archivedate=December 12, 2012 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6920478|title=Lauris Norstad |publisher=Find A Grave|author= |date= |accessdate=September 1, 2015 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/lnorstad.htm|title= Lauris Norstad, General, United States Air Force|publisher=Arlington National Cemetery Website |date=11 November 2007 |accessdate=September 1, 2015 }} 11. ^{{cite web|url= http://valor.militarytimes.com/recipient.php?recipientid=45376|title=Lauris Norstad - Awards And Citations|publisher=Military Times|author= |date= |accessdate=September 1, 2015}} Further reading{{Portal|United States Air Force}}
See also
External links{{commons category|Lauris Norstad}}
|-{{S-bef|before=Sir Hugh Saunders}}{{S-ttl|title=Air Deputy to SACEUR|years=1953–1958}}{{S-aft|after=Leon W. Johnson}} |-{{Succession box|before = Gen. Alfred Gruenther |title = Supreme Allied Commander Europe (NATO) |years = 1956—1963 |after = Gen. Lyman Lemnitzer}}{{S-end}}{{SACEUR}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Norstad, Lauris}} 15 : 1907 births|1988 deaths|United States Military Academy alumni|United States Air Force generals|American people of Norwegian descent|American military personnel of World War II|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)|Recipients of the Silver Star|Recipients of the Legion of Merit|Legion of Honour recipients|Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)|NATO Supreme Allied Commanders|Military personnel from Minneapolis|United States Army Air Forces generals|Recipients of the Air Medal |
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